Card ID: 1673815531348
Before you start (1)
This deck contains a few "one-shot cards" you might not want to repeat, for example remarks such as this one. Whenever there's a card you don't want to see anymore, please don't delete but suspend it. If you delete cards, they will be reimported when the deck is updated and you have to delete them again. This is not the case for suspended cards. On desktop Anki, you can suspend cards pressing either "@", "!" or by using the "more"-button on the bottom right during review.
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Card ID: 1673815531350
Before you start (2)
This course follows Tae Kim's famous grammar guide, but all example sentences are taken from anime & dorama. It is designed to work with my Anki addon, but can also be used without this out of the box. Without the addon, you need to take care of the following things yourself:
- Switching between the Japanese writing systems
- Looking up words
- Removal of old cards after importing a new version of this deck (rarely happens)
- Management of the reading cards
How this is done without the addon is described
here.
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Card ID: 1673815531356
Wait, that was not written in Japanese!
If you goal is to master listening comprehension first, focusing on written Japanese may slow you down in the beginning. My recommendation thus is to first learn all grammar and 2-3000 words with the latin transcription and
then turn towards written Japanese. Something similar is also recommended by Jeff Brown and Jeanne Egasse (language teachers) in this
video.
There is of course nothing wrong about using the "real" Japanese writing systems on the cards. You can use my
Anki addon to fully customize your Japanese reading experience any time. If you don't want to use the addon, have a look at
this page.
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Card ID: 1673815531358
For now, just keep the following things in mind:
- The latin transcription used on these cards can be mapped to Japanese without any ambiguities.
- The only purpose of the transcription is to help you focus on listening comprehension.
- If you're interested in the writing systems, read Tae Kim's summary. This is not required to continue with this course though.
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Card ID: 1673815531360ohayou: good morning
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Card ID: 1673815531364konbanha: good evening
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Card ID: 1673815531368arigatou: thank you
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Card ID: 1673815531372"arigatou gozaimasu" is a more polite way to say thank you. The "z" is pronounced as soft "s".
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Card ID: 1673815531376"ohayou gozaimasu" is a more polite way to say good morning.
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Card ID: 1673815531380sumimasen: excuse me. It can also be used to say "sorry".
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Card ID: 1673815531392hajimemashite: How do you do?; I am glad to meet you -> Phrase used when meeting someone for the first time.
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Card ID: 1673815531396
An important advice
Don't worry if there's something you don't immediately understand on a flashcard. Just have a look at the next cards, I'll try to cover things with many examples. If you still don't understand something, there's a question link on the cards. Use it to send me feedback. If it is relevant for others, I will update the cards accordingly.
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Card ID: 1673815531398umi: sea, ocean
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Card ID: 1673815531402[Look!] it's the ocean!
umi: sea, ocean
"da/だ" is used to declare, what something is or that something "is so". It can be attached to nouns and na-adjectives (covered later). "umi da" can e.g. be the answer to the question: What is this? - It's the sea. Doesn't make sense yet? Don't worry, more examples follow!
Throughout this course, I will denote missing context by square brackets. So anything in [these brackets] is clear from context and sometimes required to understand the expression.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/stateofbeingTae Kim chapter 3.2
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Card ID: 1673815531406[Don't worry, what he said] is a joke.
joudan: joke
joudan + "da" declares that e.g. something that was said before, is a joke (in the sense "just kidding"). This is a fully valid statement, which reveals an important detail about Japanese. In English you'd say: "[This] is a joke". Japanese also has words like "this" or "that", but they are usually omitted - especially when the context these words refer to is known.
Throughout this course, I will denote missing context by square brackets. So anything in [these brackets] is clear from context and sometimes required to understand the expression.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/stateofbeingTae Kim chapter 3.2
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Card ID: 1673815531410[This (e.g. what I just said)] is not a joke!
"janai" is the negative form of "da". Tae Kim explains this as "negative state-of-being". So "joudan janai" literally declares "joudan" to be not a joke. E.g. [something that was said before] is not a joke! This is serious!
Reminder 1: In []-brackets I provide additional information that's clear from context but not explicitly stated in words. In Japanese, lots of things that are clear from context are omitted.Reminder 2: Japanese also has words like "this" or "that", but they are usually omitted - especially when the context these words refer to is known.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/stateofbeingTae Kim chapter 3.2
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Card ID: 1673815531414[Who did this?!] Not me! -> In English, you'd rather use past tense (it wasn't me!). There are many differences like this in terms of grammar, it's something you need to get used to.
"boku janai" means "not me". The reason for "not me" again is given by context, e.g. someone may have asked, who cooks lunch today or who did something: not me.
boku: I/me (used by males)
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/stateofbeingTae Kim chapter 3.2
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Card ID: 1673815531418[Who did this?!] Not me. -> In English, you'd rather use past tense (it wasn't me!). There are many differences like this in terms of grammar, it's something you need to get used to.
watashi: I/me (used by males and females)
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/stateofbeingTae Kim chapter 3.2
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Card ID: 1673815531434[I] was happy.
shiawase: happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
"datta" is past tense of "da".
"shiawase datta" e.g. may declare: [Something clear from context] was a good thing or that someone was happy about something.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/stateofbeingTae Kim chapter 3.2
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Card ID: 1673815531438[I] am an idiot!
baka: idiot
I included this word to point at a very important fact: The language used in anime is often foul, unfriendly and full of slang. "baka da" is an obvious example, but Japanese can be very subtle about this. I'll include more examples throughout this course. Be careful!
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/stateofbeingTae Kim chapter 3.2
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Card ID: 1673815531446
What about learning grammar?
As a language learner you may automatically think that you need to learn grammar. This is, however, controversally discussed within the language learner's community. Opinions range from: "Yes, learn it" to "No, don't do it, kids become fluent speakers without learning grammar, too".
I think that learning a little bit of grammar is helpful, but only to understand things faster. What does not work from my experience is, to learn grammar rules and then try to construct sentences from this.
So my recommendation is: Have a quick look at the rules, but don't do any exercises. It is helpful to know e.g. that "datta" is past tense of "da", but please don't start to worry while looking at e.g. the intimidating 299 pages of Tae Kim's "Guide to Japanese Grammar". I'll try to keep grammar explanations minimal throughout this course.
Jeff Brown (language professor) talks about this in this video.
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Card ID: 1673815531448yume: dream
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Card ID: 1673815531464As for me, [I am] happy.
"ha" (always spelled in
Hiragana: は) is the "topic particle" and is always pronounced "wa". It's attached to a noun and identifies it as the topic of what you're talking about or as topic of the sentence. Remember the weird "shiawase da" sentence of a previous card? Together with "watashi ha", this may now make more sense. You could translate "watashi ha shiawase da" as: "As for me, I'm happy". It's very important to keep in mind that "watashi ha" is almost certainly omitted, if it's clear that it is YOU who's being talked about. So if someone asks you, how you're feeling, you'd rather say: shiawase da, but not watashi ha shiawase da.
Remark: In most romanization systems, this particle is spelled "wa" - the way it is pronounced. However, I decided to stick to the way it is written, i.e. for all jlab materials, it is "ha/は".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/particlesintroTae Kim chapter 3.3.2
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Card ID: 1673815531466(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha shiawase da
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Card ID: 1673815531468As for me, [I am] eighteen.
"eithi-n" sounds familiar? It's the English "eighteen" adapted to Japanese and is probably not a real Japanese word. You find these kind of things very often in anime, maybe to sound cool.
However, many common Japanese words are directly adapted from English (and other languages) into Japanese. These words are always written in
Katakana.
"ha" (always spelled in
Hiragana: は) is the "topic particle" and is always pronounced "wa". It's attached to a noun and identifies it as the topic of what you're talking about or as topic of the sentence. It's very important to keep in mind that "watashi ha" is almost certainly omitted, if it's clear that it is YOU who's being talked about.
Remark: In most romanization systems, this particle is spelled "wa" - the way it is pronounced. However, I decided to stick to the way it is written, i.e. for all jlab materials, it is "ha/は".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/particlesintroTae Kim chapter 3.3.2
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Card ID: 1673815531470(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha eithi-n da
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Card ID: 1673815531472As for me, I am an idiot. The entire "boku ha" is usually omitted, you'll see many more examples for that.
"ha" (always spelled in
Hiragana: は) is the "topic particle" and is always pronounced "wa". It's attached to a noun and identifies it as the topic of what you're talking about or as topic of the sentence. It's very important to keep in mind that "boku ha..." is most certainly omitted, if the topic is clear from context.
Remark: In most romanization systems, this particle is spelled "wa" - the way it is pronounced. However, I decided to stick to the way it is written, i.e. for all jlab materials, it is "ha/は".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/particlesintroTae Kim chapter 3.3.2
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Card ID: 1673815531476As for me, [I'm] a guy.
otoko: man; male
"ha" (always spelled in
Hiragana: は) is the "topic particle" and is always pronounced "wa". It's attached to a noun and identifies it as the topic of what you're talking about or as topic of the sentence. It's very important to keep in mind that "boku ha..." is most certainly omitted, if the topic is clear from context.
Remark: In most romanization systems, this particle is spelled "wa" - the way it is pronounced. However, I decided to stick to the way it is written, i.e. for all jlab materials, it is "ha/は".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/particlesintroTae Kim chapter 3.3.2
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Card ID: 1673815531480As for today - thank you (or less literal: Thank you for today).
kyou: today
"ha" marks "kyou" as the topic you're talking about. Imagine someone did something big for you today. Just saying "thank you" may not make clear what you're thanking for, so adding "kyou ha" makes sense here. It points out that you're thanking for what happened throughout the day.
"ha" (always spelled in
Hiragana: は) is the "topic particle" and is always pronounced "wa". It's attached to a noun and identifies it as the topic of what you're talking about or as topic of the sentence. It's very important to keep in mind the entire "xxx ha..." is usually omitted, if the topic is clear from context.
Remark: In most romanization systems, this particle is spelled "wa" - the way it is pronounced. However, I decided to stick to the way it is written, i.e. for all jlab materials, it is "ha/は".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/particlesintroTae Kim chapter 3.3.2
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Card ID: 1673815531484
For the sake of completeness regarding the writing systems: A single Japanese (kana) character is either represented by a vowel (a, i, u, e, o) or a combination of a consonant and a vowel (e.g. ki). Have a look at the table on Tae Kim's website. If a consonant-based character ending on an "i" (e.g. ki/き) is combined with a y-based character (e.g. yo/よ), the "i" is omitted in the latin transcription, because the "i" is not pronounced. Moreover, the y-based character is spelled small. You saw an example on the previous card, which will also be repeated on the next card (kyou). kyou is spelled きょう in Japanese (ki/き + small yo/ょ + u/う). Compare the large and small yo: よょ.
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Card ID: 1673815531486As for today [what happened today]: sorry!
"ha" (always spelled in
Hiragana: は) is the "topic particle" and is always pronounced "wa". It's attached to a noun and identifies it as the topic of what you're talking about or as topic of the sentence. It's very important to keep in mind the entire "xxx ha..." is usually omitted, if the topic is clear from context.
Remark: In most romanization systems, this particle is spelled "wa" - the way it is pronounced. However, I decided to stick to the way it is written, i.e. for all jlab materials, it is "ha/は".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/particlesintroTae Kim chapter 3.3.2
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Card ID: 1673815531510daijoubu: safe; secure; sound or simply: "OK".
The sentence is again formulated as question (more about questions soon, just note that there's no question mark or other indicator here).
"Today ok, too?" (from the context it may be clear in this case that e.g. yesterday was already ok).
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/particlesintroTae Kim chapter 3.3.3
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Card ID: 1673815531514I am also looking forward [to this]. But the literal translation is: I too anticipation
tanoshimi: "enjoyment; pleasure" or "looking forward to / anticipation"
Note that "tanoshimi" is a noun! This puzzled me in the beginning: Things that are rather expressed with verbs and adjectives in English may be expressed by nouns in Japanese. That's something you need to get used to by hearing many many examples. I think this is only weird, if you're trying to learn grammar and then use this to construct sentences - which is hard. Instead, try to grasp the meaning of sentences first, without worrying too much about grammar.
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Card ID: 1673815531516(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi mo tanoshimi
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Card ID: 1673815531518
This is super weird!
From the start of my own journey to master Japanese, one thought got stuck in my mind. In my diary, I wrote: "This language is super weird, is it even possible to write an exiting book in it"? That's a presumtuous and arrogant thought, but it simply resulted from the fact that I wasn't
used to the language yet. I speak English and German and compared to these languages, Japanese is different in about anything you can imagine. Just remember the sentence from the last card: "watashi mo tanoshimi - I too anticipation/enjoyment". Don't question this, just accept it. Probably the most wonderful thing about learning Japanese is that it will start to make sense. You'll get used to an entirely different way of thinking and forming sentences!
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Card ID: 1673815531520[This (i.e. what the guy is currently doing)] is fun! -> The guy is able to stop the time, is up to no good and enjoying his current evil activities.
"da" declares something that's clear from context, as tanoshimi - "enjoyment; pleasure".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/stateofbeing
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Card ID: 1673815531524I sleep, too.
neru: to sleep
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Card ID: 1673815531528I also drink [this].
nomu: to drink
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Card ID: 1673815531532[Let's go, ] I also help!
tetsudau: to help
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Card ID: 1673815531536"Thanks for today, too". (From the context, it is clear that the person saying this was e.g. already grateful for yesterday).
"na" at the sentence end is added to add emphasis in this case. Ignore it for now.
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Card ID: 1673815531540I was an idiot [and not someone else].
The "ga" particle (が) puts strong emphasis on the previous word. Rember "boku ha baka da" from one of the previous cards? It means: "As for me, I am an idiot". "boku ga baka da" however means: "
I am the idiot" (and e.g. not you). Or: "It's
ME who's the idiot" (and e.g. not him). Doesn't make sense? Have a look at the next card.
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Card ID: 1673815531544
ga/が vs. ha/は
The "ga" particle (が) and the "ha" particle (は) are related, but often cause headaches - especially for beginners. In fact they are very easy to distinguish, I like Jay Rubin's explanation very much (he's a famous Japanese translator). In a nutshell, he states: "ha" sets the preceding word as topic and makes the listener curious about what comes NEXT. "ga" however puts the listener's attention onto the PREVIOUS word.
If the speaker would pause after the "ha", the listener's brain would whisper: "yes, yes and then what?", e.g.: boku ha...(yes, yes, yes? what?)...baka da (oh, you're an idiot).
With "boku ga baka da" however, the speaker would say: "It's ME, who's the idiot".
This explanation is taken from: "Making sense of Japanese", p. 34. Some more examples follow!
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Card ID: 1673815531550It's
ME who's the god (and not someone else). The emphasis of "boku" also becomes clear from the intonation of this sentence (press "r" to play the audio again), but that's not always the case.
kami: god
Note that the emphasis "ga" puts on the previous word may not always be as strong as in these examples. For example, "ga" is often used to introduce a
new topic that hasn't been mentioned before. Therefore, Tae Kim also calls it the "identifier particle".
References:
I think Tae Kim's explanation of "ga" is hard to understand, but if you want to read it, here's the link:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/particlesintro#The_identifier_particle
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Card ID: 1673815531554It's
ME who goes (and not someone else).
Together with daijoubu, this is very interesting, the speaker expresses the following: "It's ok, calm down (daijoubu). [because]
I go [and e.g. take care of the issue]". Note that what I put in square brackets is not explicitly expressend in dedicated words. It's the figurative meaning created by daijoubu + ga.
References:
I think Tae Kim's explanation of "ga" is hard to understand, but if you want to read it, here's the link:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/particlesintro#The_identifier_particle
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Card ID: 1673815531556(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daijoubu watashi ga iku
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Card ID: 1673815531558[There's really no reason to worry, because] "
I (some very special being) am there."
iru: to be there, to exist (used for living things only)
Listen to the music that's playing in the background and the ethereal voice: It seems like the speaker is some very special being and tries to calm someone down.
I actually have no idea what's really happening in this scene, because I haven't seen this anime. So please excuse me if I wrote any crap about the plot, it's just the example that counts ;).
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Card ID: 1673815531560(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daijoubu boku ga iru
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Card ID: 1673815531562"It's
ME who goes".
yo: (colloquial) sentence ending particle, meaning that the speaker informs the listener of something new (Tae Kim p. 73). It makes the sentence sound more empathic and is often used in conversations. It's very common, you'll see many examples.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815531566"It's
ME who decides".
kimeru: to decide; to choose; to determine
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Card ID: 1673815531570"It's
ME who remains / stays".
nokoru: to remain; to be left
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Card ID: 1673815531574[You don't mind running around half naked, but]
I have difficulties [with this]. -> The speaker refers to the fact that her companion does not want to buy new clothes and runs around half naked. He doesn't mind, but she is bothered by this.
komaru: to be troubled; to have difficulty
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Card ID: 1673815531578[This is] a wonderful dream.
suteki: lovely; wonderful
suteki is a na-adjective. Such an adjective describes the following noun, so something here is a "wonderful dream". Note that the word "na" is put between the adjective and the noun, I'll explaining this on the next cards.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/adjectivesTae Kim p. 37
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Card ID: 1673815531582[This is] wonderful, isn't it?
ne: sentence ending particle that someone is looking for agreement.
"suteki da" declares that something is wonderful. Sounds familiar? Yes, we learned that "da" is attached to a noun and declares the state of being. But wasn't "suteki" also a na-adjective? Yes, na-adjectives and nouns are pretty much the same! If you look up a word e.g. on jisho.org, you'll often see "noun, na-adjective" as word type.
Don't worry about the difference. Just keep in mind that:
- noun + da declares the noun as state-of-being.
- noun + na acts as adjective, describing another noun.
- noun and na-adjectives are pretty much the same.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/adjectiveshttp://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/adverbs#_sentence_ending
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Card ID: 1673815531586[The person over there is a] stupid guy.
yatsu: guy, person
CAUTION! yatsu is a very unfriendly, derogatory way to refer to someone. Never use this when talking to someone.
So why am I putting unfriendly words in here?! I'm trying to keep the new terms on each card at exactly 1. Especially in the beginning this is difficult, so I sometimes need to use weird words. Besides, yatsu is often used in anime and baka is another example for a "na"-adjective.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/adjectivesTae Kim p. 37
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Card ID: 1673815531598
Don't be rude, part 1
Japanese has several explicit levels of politeness and it is very easy to sound rude to others if you don't know what you're saying. This is all the more important in the context of this deck: It follows Tae Kim's grammar guide, which doesn't start with polite, but plain forms of the language. This makes sense from a didactical point of view, but please don't use the sentences on the next ~300 cards in practice (yet). They cover the "basic grammar" chapter of the book, polite speech then follows. For now, just try to understand everything by listening comprehension only.
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Card ID: 1673815531600[Is this] an important item?
taisetsu: important; necessary; indispensable
mono: thing; object; article (tangible, e.g. a wallet)
Remark: The speaker raises her voice only a tiny bit at the end, so it's a bit difficult to understand this as a question. But actually, it doesn't make much of a difference if you consider this as question or not. In practice, when more context is given, this is much easier to understand and usually not ambiguous.
References:
http://guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/adjectives#The_na-adjectiveTae Kim p. 37
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Card ID: 1673815531612[Is he a] liked person? -> do you like him?
suki: liked; well-liked, favorite
It's used to express that you like something. Note that this is also a "na"-adjective!
Now that I'm creating this course, I think: Oh, weird, in English, "to like something" is expressed with a verb. Why is it an adjective in Japanese? Interesting about this is that I absolutely don't care about this when I use or listen to Japanese. It just makes sense this way, so don't worry about it and keep looking at more examples.
References:
http://guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/adjectives#The_na-adjective
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Card ID: 1673815531620A person [I] like...?
Remark: Literally, this sentence means: a like-person? Also note that it's in fact a question, but this is very hard to notice without context. You could also translate this as [he's] a person [I] like, so don't worry about it. It's from Senryuu Shoujo, ep. 2 around 10:00 if you want to check. Updated in v14.
References:
http://guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/adjectives#The_na-adjective
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Card ID: 1673815531634(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kirei na sensei datta naa
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Card ID: 1673815531648"
I go".
ore: I, me
CAUTION: ore is a male term / male language and sounds very rough and casual. Best is that you try not to use this. It's used in anime very often though. Be careful!
References:
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Card ID: 1673815531652[This is] a wonderful flower!
hana: flower
References:
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Card ID: 1673815531656I like/love taiga ("taiga" is the name of a character).
Note the double role of suki as na adjective (previous cards) and noun (this card). Also note, that you'd use a verb in English instead (to like).
You could also omit the "da" and say: taiga ga suki.
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Card ID: 1673815531660A person who likes cooking
ryouri: cooking, cuisine
This example illustrates a powerful property of Japanese: You can use an entire clause / sentence to describe a person:
"ryouri ga suki" alone means: [I] like cooking.
Together with "na", the entire "ryouri ga suki" describes the noun "hito", we have a "ryouri ga suki"-person here: A person that likes cooking. This is also explained in Tae Kim's book, p. 38 with a similar example. Don't worry, the entire clause thing will be covered in much detail later.
Remark: This card was corrected in v14, originally was: Person that likes food.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/adjectivesTae Kim p. 38
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Card ID: 1673815531662(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ryouri ga suki na hito
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Card ID: 1673815531664A cute person!
kawaii: cute, adorable
This is the second adjective type, the "i"-adjective. They have slightly other properties than "na"-adjectives. For example, they directly describe a noun, "na" is never used with them. You wouldn't say "kawaii na hito". Since they do not act as nouns, you can't add "da" either. So you can say: "taisetsu da" (because taisetsu is a noun + a na-adjective), but not "kawaii da", because kawaii is an i-adjective.
The name comes from the fact that these words end on "i". Before you scream: "But you said suki da and suki also ends on an i", have a look at the next card.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/adjectives#The_i-adjectiveTae Kim p. 39
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Card ID: 1673815531668
But "suteki, suki and kirei" also ended with an "i"
Unfortunately, there are some na-adjectives that also end on an "i", which means they look exactly like an i-adjective. From the Japanese learner's diary I kept during the last years I can tell that I was very worried about this in the beginning. I desperately wanted to understand all the rules and didn't want to make any mistakes. 5 years later I can tell you two things: First, there are not many "na"-adjectives that end on an "i". Second: You'll learn to correctly apply "na" from context if you consume lots of Japanese. I'll point you to some nice resources towards the end of this course.
Double vowels (ii in this case) are pronounced long.
Ok, I'm saying there are not many na-adjectives ending on an i but still managed to put 3 of them into this course [facepalm].
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Card ID: 1673815531670So many people!
Remark: This can also mean "an amazing person", but the true context here is: so many people.
sugoi: amazing, great, to a great extend, vast (in numbers)
References:
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Card ID: 1673815531674A strong thing (mono can e.g. refer to a bottle of liquor)
tsuyoi: strong, potent
References:
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Card ID: 1673815531678[What should I buy for you?] A cute thing?
Cuteness is an important concept in Japanese. There are kawaii people, kawaii objects and kawaii whatever in Japan. I even saw pink houses there.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815531686sugokunai: not amazing. Note that this is formulated again as question without question indicator. This is an informal way to ask: "Isn't this amazing?".
i-adjectives can be conjugated. Replace the "i" with "kunai" to get the negative form.
Just in case you're wondering how to do that for na-adjectives: Remember that they acted as noun, so just append "janai".
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Card ID: 1673815531694Not cute
i-adjectives can be conjugated. Replace the "i" with "kunai" to get the negative form. Remark: "かわいい/kawaii - cute" is spelled with two "i" in the end, the last one is replaced.
Just in case you're wondering how to do that for na-adjectives: Remember that they acted as noun, so just append "janai".
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Card ID: 1673815531698osoi: late
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Card ID: 1673815531702takai: high, tall (e.g. a building), also means: expensive
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Card ID: 1673815531706[Her hair is] long, isnt' it?
nagai: long
The "na" in this case is not the "na" you already know from the na-adjectives. It is a sentence particle and means "isn't it". It is introduced in more detail later. If you want to know more, have a look at the reference I added.
References:
http://guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/sentence_ending
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Card ID: 1673815531710
Advice: Headphones will strongly boost your listening comprehension
You'll be surprised, how much more you'll understand. Give it a try!
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Card ID: 1673815531716yoroshikuonegaishimasu: nice to meet you (when meeting someone. Depending on the context, this can also mean something else, don't worry about this for now)
Remark: This is actually composed of three words (yoroshii + onegai + suru), but often taught as phrase. Don't worry about this, just learn it as phrase for now.
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Card ID: 1673815531718(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yoroshikuonegaishimasu
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Card ID: 1673815531720abunai: dangerous
References:
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Card ID: 1673815531724omoshiroi: interesting
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Card ID: 1673815531728[This] was interesting!
Past tense for i-adjectives: Replace the last -i with -katta.
Refresher: For na-adjectives / nouns: Add datta.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815531732[This movie] was long.
Past tense for i-adjectives: Replace the last -i with -katta.
Refresher: For na-adjectives / nouns: Add datta.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815531736[I'm glad we're home. This] was dangerous.
Past tense for i-adjectives: Replace the last -i with -katta.
Refresher: For na-adjectives / nouns: Add datta.
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Card ID: 1673815531740kowai: scary
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Card ID: 1673815531744Wasn't [this] scary? (listen closely, this sounds a bit like a question. More on questions soon)
Negative past tense for i-adjectives (which doesn't occur so often in practice): Replace the last -i with -kunakatta. The next four cards will show all 4 conjugation possibilities again.
Refresher: For na-adjectives / nouns: Add janakatta.
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Card ID: 1673815531748oishii: tasty
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Card ID: 1673815531752Was tasty
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Card ID: 1673815531756Not tasty
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Card ID: 1673815531760oishikunakatta: Was not tasty
Listen closely: This sentence sounds like a question, so it means: [Oh, this dish] was not tasty? Or: Wasn't this tasty - depending on the context. The point of the card, however, is just "oishikunakatta". More on questions later!
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Card ID: 1673815531764
Don't practice adjective conjugation
Now that was an adjective infusion! I'd like to stress one point again: I don't think it is super helpful to actively practice grammar rules, this will not help you to start speaking. Understanding the meanings of the forms by listening comprehension is enough. If you're a grammar enthusiast though and are desperately looking forward to conjugating some adjectives, have a look at Tae Kim, p. 40 or:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/adjectives#The_i-adjectivePress "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815531766
Bonus content: Video recommendations
I'm currently trying to find videos on YouTube that fit your current level of Japanese. Read more about this
here. At this early stage in the deck, it's almost impossible to find something meaningful that is easy to understand, better videos are added later (the next ones after about 1000 cards).
Video 1: Simple Japanese self-introduction- Note that names are often hard to understand in the beginning
- Unknown grammar: desu - consider it as a polite form of "da" for now. This is not 100% correct, but this is explained soon
Video 2: About Japanese loan words - Illustrates differences in pronunciation when comparing Japanese to English
- Just pay attention to the the word pairs and how they are pronounced in English vs. Japanese
Video 3: About onomatopoeia - onomatopoeia = words that phonetically imitate the things they represent
- Japanese has many and they sound cool
Just the links for copy/pasting:
https://youtu.be/dqFiDq-ZGiQhttps://youtu.be/8AY1llXOIvghttps://youtu.be/H4RodoGyH44Are these videos easy to understand for you? Please send feedback to joe@japanese-like-a-breeze.com. Thanks!
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Card ID: 1673815531768taberu: to eat
(formulated as question here without question mark/indicator)
References:
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Card ID: 1673815531772wakaru: to understand; to comprehend; to grasp
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Card ID: 1673815531776miru: to see; to look; to watch
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Card ID: 1673815531780kangaeru: to think (about, of); to think over; to ponder
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Card ID: 1673815531784asobu: to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to have a good time
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Card ID: 1673815531788hanasu: to speak, to talk
Remark: Do you remember "hanashi - talk; speech; chat; conversation" from a previous card? It's the verb stem of "hanasu". The verb stem can be treated as (special) noun, but this is covered later.
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Card ID: 1673815531792matsu: to wait
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Card ID: 1673815531796Push [me on the swing]
osu: to push, to press
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Card ID: 1673815531800oriru: to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to get off (bus / train)
References:
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Card ID: 1673815531804I write [this down].
kaku: to write
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Card ID: 1673815531812[Do you want to] get on? (question without question marker, listen to the pronunciation). Looks like a witch on the image, maybe she's asking someone to get on her broom for a nice flight...
noru: to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to ride
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Card ID: 1673815531816[Please, no homework today. I] beg you, teacher.
tanomu: to request; to beg; to ask
yo adds emphasis. Someone asks the teacher for a favor. "I beg you, teacher". Note, that the person is directly addressing the teacher by his title ("sensei"), how to address people will be covered later in more detail.
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Card ID: 1673815531820shinu: to die
"I die" is maybe not a nice sentence to say, but "shinu" has the rare verb ending "nu/ぬ", is often used in certain anime and also part of Tae Kim's examples.
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Card ID: 1673815531824kau: to buy
Ignore "kara" for now, it's covered later. The point of this card is just the verb "kau".
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Card ID: 1673815531828I head over there [myself] -> Look at what the person's doing: He's going somewhere. There are things going wrong here and now he wants to take care of things himself.
mukau: to go towards; to head towards
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Card ID: 1673815531832
The previous collection of verbs contained all possible verb endings: su/す, ku/く, gu/ぐ, mu/む, nu/ぬ, bu/ぶ, ru/る, tsu/つ and u/う. These endings in the end define how the verb is conjugated. Don't worry about this for now, here's the list of words again:
hanasu
kaku
isogu
tanomu
shinu
asobu
taberu
matsu
kau / mukau / tatakau
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Card ID: 1673815531834
A quick remark on verb conjugations (next topic)
Verbs are easy to learn, but they can be conjugated in quite a few ways. I found this to be the most difficult topic about Japanese grammar. When I made the transition from my text book to learning with real movies, I often could not understand immediately, what the particular forms meant. On p. 47, Tae Kim writes the same: Verb conjugation rules are the most complex ones in Japanese. The following websites helped me a lot:
On the first two sites you can quickly conjugate verbs and search the dictionary form for a given conjugation. Verbix sometimes has wrong conjugations for irregular verbs, I'd rather recommend to use japaneseverbconjugator. The wikipedia article contains a conjugation chart. Again: I don't recommend to practice this, but it's a very good reference.
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Card ID: 1673815531836
Another remark on verb conjugations
In the following, I will cover the conjugations and forms of verbs in a very sloppy way. I will explain only what's necessary to understand a given sentence, but not go into detail about the precise grammar. The link to Tae Kim's respective chapters will be on the cards if you want to know more details. But please don't try to practice conjugation - or at least wait until the end of this course. Maybe the only thing to keep in mind for now is: Japanese verbs always end on "u" in the latin transcription, which results from the following Japanese characters: su/す, ku/く, gu/ぐ, mu/む, nu/ぬ, bu/ぶ, ru/る, tsu/つ and u/う
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Card ID: 1673815531838[I] don't understand.
Negative verbs all end on "nai". It can be attached in several ways, don't worry about this for now. So:
- wakaru: understand
- wakaranai: don't understand
Sounds familiar? Yes, the i-adjective's "-kunai" or da's "janai" also end on "nai".
References:
Tae Kim on
verbs in generalTae Kim on
negative verbs
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Card ID: 1673815531842[No, I] don't wait!
matanai: negative for matsu (to wait).
Negative verbs all end on "nai". It can be attached in several ways, don't worry about this for now.
References:
Tae Kim on
verbs in generalTae Kim on
negative verbs
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Card ID: 1673815531846[No, I] don't eat [this].
tabenai: negative for taberu (to eat)
Negative verbs all end on "nai". It can be attached in several ways, don't worry about this for now.
References:
Tae Kim on
verbs in generalTae Kim on
negative verbs
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Card ID: 1673815531854[You are a poor person. You don't go to school and you] also have no friends (lit. friends are also not there). Note that the "mo" can also mean "even" in this case: [you] even have no friends.
inai: negative for iru (to be there, to exist)
You already saw "iru" on a previous card. It describes that some living being "is there", so the sentence means: Friends too not there (literal translation ;)).
References:
Tae Kim explains "iru"
here
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Card ID: 1673815531858The teacher is not there? -> In English, you'd rather say: The teacher is not here?
inai: negative for iru (to be there, to exist)
Another question without question indicator.
References:
Tae Kim on
verbs in generalTae Kim on
negative verbs
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Card ID: 1673815531864(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha wakaranai
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Card ID: 1673815531866[I] don't understand [this] answer.
kotae: answer
Note that for some context reason, it is necessary to point at the answer, i.e. to use "kotae ha". If someone answers a question you asked and you don't understand the answer, you can simply omit "kotae ha" and say: wakaranai.
Caution: simply saying "wakaranai" may be considered rude, I'll explain later why this is the case. I just want to point you to the fact again that in Japanese you can omit all kinds of words that are essential in other languages.
References:
Tae Kim on
verbs in generalTae Kim on
negative verbs
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Card ID: 1673815531874I need to talk to you -> Literally, the sentence means: "A conversation/talk exists". In this case, it's the answer to the question: "Why are you here?" - "Because there's a talk" -> The Japanese way to say "we need to talk".
aru: to be, to exist (for inanimate or non-living things)
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/negativeverbs
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Card ID: 1673815531878I have a request / favor to ask. -> Literally, the sentence means: "A favor exists". Why are you here? "tanomi ga aru" - I want to ask you for a favor.
tanomi: request, favor
Remark: Do you remember "tanomu - to request; to beg; to ask" from a previous card? The word "tanomi" is closely related. Technically, it is the verb stem of "tanomu", but this is covered later. Don't worry about it for now.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/negativeverbs
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Card ID: 1673815531882[The speaker desperately wants to make a phone call. Finally, look!] A phone is there [on the wall]!
denwa: phone
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Card ID: 1673815531890The sentence means: "strength not there" and e.g. describes that a person, character or whatever is weak.
chikara: force; strength; might
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Card ID: 1673815531894Can you help me? -> "jikan ga nai" - [I] don't have time.
jikan: time, hour
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Card ID: 1673815531898Come on, don't play!
Obviously, the kids are not supposed to play in the kitchen. Looks like they're fighting though...
asobanai: negative for asobu (to play)
haihai: "ok, ok" (colloquial)
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Card ID: 1673815531902If I remember correctly, the panda asked the guy, if he drinks bamboo juice - "nomanai yo" - [I] don't drink [this].
negative for "nomu": to drink
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Card ID: 1673815531906negative for "isogu": to hurry
Ignore the "to" for now, it is used to express "must hurry" in this case, which is covered in much more detail later.
If you're curious or confused: "Must to X" is expressed by saying something like "not doing X" is bad in Japanese, that's why whe have a negation (isoganai) here.
However, try to focus only on the negative verb for now :).
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Card ID: 1673815531910kakanai: negative for kaku (to write)
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Card ID: 1673815531914[The others might give up, but]
I will fight [him].
tatakau: to fight, to make war
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Card ID: 1673815531918tatakawanai: negative for tatakau (to fight)
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Card ID: 1673815531922
Confused?
As mentioned before, the verb conjugations maybe are the most difficult part of the Japanese grammar. While doing the last card I noticed that I still mix up some things myself, even after learning Japanese for a few years. For example:
- kaku / kakanai (previous card): To write / not write
- kau / kawanai (not yet introduced, but conjugated as "tatakau"): To buy / not buy
Maybe you're happy to hear that ;).
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Card ID: 1673815531924You're welcome.
douitashimashite: You're welcome. This is actually several words, but usually taught as single phrase.
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Card ID: 1673815531928
Past tense of verbs
On the next cards, you'll see some examples for the past tense of verbs. Here's the sloppy, minimalistic definition: In the past tense, verbs somehow end on some form of "ta/た". I will show you a few examples first and then a list with all possibilities.
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Card ID: 1673815531934neta: past of neru (to sleep)
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Card ID: 1673815531938"God was there", which in this case is supposed to mean: "God was with us".
Maybe a weird example, but it illustrates the past tense of "iru".
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Card ID: 1673815531942[Someone] was an interesting person.
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Card ID: 1673815531944(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omoshiroi hito datta
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Card ID: 1673815531946"today also tasty" -> the sentence refers to the lunch the guy had with a girl on the roof of their school today. Remember the past tense of i-adjectives (oishii / oishikatta in this case)? It also ends on "ta".
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Card ID: 1673815531950matta: past tense of matsu (to wait)
"gomen ne" is an informal way to apologize. "Sorry, did you wait?"
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Card ID: 1673815531954As for me, I saw [something that's clear from context].
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Card ID: 1673815531958tabeta: past tense of taberu (to eat)
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Card ID: 1673815531962kangaeta: past of kangaeru (to think)
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Card ID: 1673815531966Yes, [I] talked [to her].
un: yes (colloquial / informal)
hanashita: past tense of hanasu (to talk)
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Card ID: 1673815531970Today we also played a lot / as much as possible / to our heart's content.
asonda: past of asobu (to play)
ippai: a lot; as much as possible
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Card ID: 1673815531972(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou mo ippai asonda
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Card ID: 1673815531974There was an apple.
ringo: apple
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Card ID: 1673815531978shinda: past tense of shinu (to die)
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Card ID: 1673815531982nonda: past tense of nomu (to drink)
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Card ID: 1673815531986tanonda: past tense of tanomu (to request; to beg; to ask)
Remark: it's really a "tanonda zo" even though the "zo" might sound a bit different. You'll get used to this, trust me. Also, the point of this card is the past tense of "tanomu"!
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Card ID: 1673815531990
There's an unknown word on a card!
When I repeat words, I usually don't include the meaning on the back again. If you forgot the meaning of a word, you can use the integrated dictionary of my Anki addon to look it up again (simply select text on the card). This only works on the pc version of Anki though. If you'd like to install the addon, go to: Tools -> Addons -> Get Addons and enter the following id: 2110939339.
Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815531992tachi: pluralizing suffix making "boku" to a group (of males) in this case
tatakatta: is past tense of tatakau (to fight, to wage war)
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Card ID: 1673815531994(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
bokutachi ha tatakatta
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Card ID: 1673815531996[Don't worry, this] isn't a bad conversation / talk.
warui: bad; poor; undesirable
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Card ID: 1673815531998(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
warui hanashi janai na
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Card ID: 1673815532000The pluralizing suffix "tachi" here makes a single "hito" to a group. A weird group in this case.
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Card ID: 1673815532004Alright, let's go!
yo-shi: alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK
You hear this quite often in anime. The "-" prolongs pronunciation of the "o" and is usually found in katakana.
It's a bit slurred, but still: It's "iku zo". Reminder: "zo" is a sentence ending particle used by males. It adds force and is used o e.g. express strong intent or to persuade someone.
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Card ID: 1673815532008[This dish has a] weird taste.
aji: taste
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Card ID: 1673815532012[You go to] Japan? (Question without question marker)
nihon: Japan
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Card ID: 1673815532016[You can speak] Japanese?!
nihongo: Japanese
The "-go" suffix means -language and is also used for some other languages.
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Card ID: 1673815532020[We should] ask toosaka [for help].
The "wo/を" particle in Japanese is always pronounced "o". It marks the preceding word as direct object. The direct object is a noun which receives the action of the verb. In 90% of all cases, you'd use the English "who" or "what" to ask for the target of "wo/を", so in this case: Who should we tanomu? toosaka.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/verbparticles#The_direct_object_particleTae Kim p. 50
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Card ID: 1673815532042(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
osoroshii yume wo mita
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Card ID: 1673815532046(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
chikara wo ushinatta
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Card ID: 1673815532052Yes, [these people] are very nice.
un: yes (colloquial)
yo: sentence ending particle, meaning that the speaker informs the listener of something new (Tae Kim p. 73). It makes the sentence sound more empathic and is often used in conversations. It's very common, you'll see many examples.
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Card ID: 1673815532054(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
un ii hitotachi da yo
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Card ID: 1673815532056yokunai: negative ii -> not good.
Remember: ii is conjugated as yoi.
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Card ID: 1673815532064[A/the] guy comes (warning again: yatsu is an unfriendly way to address someone, don't use it).
kuru: to come
So why am I putting unfriendly words in here, anyways? I'm trying to keep the new terms on each card at exactly 1, so sometimes it is helpful to use weird words. Besides, yatsu is often used in anime! "kuru" is new here and I need it on the next cards.
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Card ID: 1673815532068Rain comes.
ame: rain
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Card ID: 1673815532072Come to school.
gakkou: school
"ni/に" specifies the
target of an action/verb. The difference to "wo" is that the word before "ni" does not receive the action, but the action is directed towards this word (i.e. the word is the target). So in this case: (to) come to school. "ni" can be used with any motion verb, the following would also be valid: gakkou ni iku/modoru.
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Card ID: 1673815532076dare: who
From the intonation it is again clear that we have a question. Just in case you're wondering: Japanese doesn't have a question mark, but a question particle which is introduced later. In casual speech, it is often omitted.
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Card ID: 1673815532080who carries [this heavy bag]?
motsu: to hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
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Card ID: 1673815532084[I should] hold the umbrella? (someone asked the guy to hold an umbrella at some kind of ceremony and he wonders what this is supposed to mean.
kasa: umbrella
motsu: to hold, take, carry
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Card ID: 1673815532088[Something that was said] has no meaning or makes no sense.
imi: meaning; significance; sense
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Card ID: 1673815532092Temperature is there -> [You] have temperature.
netsu: temperature, fever
From this sentence you see that "aru" can be used to indicate the presence for all kinds of things.
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Card ID: 1673815532100[I] don't get the meaning [of this].
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Card ID: 1673815532104[To] forget an umbrella.
(the sentence continues a bit: They're talking about rain and that something like forgetting an umbrella can happen). But for us, it's just another nice example for the "wo"-particle.
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Card ID: 1673815532108[I] go abroad [for studying].
kaigai: abroad; overseas
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Card ID: 1673815532112Where is [he]?
doko: where
"ni/に" is also used, to indicate the location of something. From the intonation, someone is mad at someone else and asks: "Where is [he/she/it -> clear from context]". Remember that "iru" is used for animate things.
According to Tae Kim, "the idea of a target in Japanese is very general and not restricted to motion verbs. For example, the location of something is defined as target of iru/aru and time is also a common target" like in this sentence. Other text books list the use cases more explicitly, a very good summary for all particles is found here:
https://nihongoichiban.com/home/japanese-grammar-particles/
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Card ID: 1673815532116[He] is in the house / at home.
ie: house
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Card ID: 1673815532120[I] forgot [it] in the staff room.
shokuinshitsu: staff room.
This word may seem unimportant, but I heard it in several school scenes (teacher's room).
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Card ID: 1673815532122(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shokuinshitsu ni wasureta
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Card ID: 1673815532124[I] go shopping.
kaimono: shopping; purchased goods. Remember "mono" -> thing, object? "kai" here is from "kau" -> to buy.
Ignore the (slightly cut off tte-part in the end for now, it in this case is an informal way to quote someone. It's covered in much more detail later. So what the speaker says acutally is: [He said he] goes shopping. Without the "tte", this translates to the above though.
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Card ID: 1673815532128Somebody is there?!
Seems like someone scary is present.
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Card ID: 1673815532132nakama: company; fellow; colleague
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Card ID: 1673815532136[Maybe they are on vacation, the speaker says: ] Today was wonderful, too!
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Card ID: 1673815532140[This is a] fun conversation, isn't it!
tanoshii: enjoyable; fun; pleasant
ne: sentence ending particle, indicates that someone is looking for agreement.
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Card ID: 1673815532144[Maybe they are on vacation, the speaker says: ] Today was fun, too!
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Card ID: 1673815532146(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou mo tanoshikatta
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Card ID: 1673815532152Where [do you] go?
The Japanese directional particle "he/へ" is always pronounced "e". It is always used together with motion verbs and marks its preceding word as target of the motion. The difference to "ni/に" is that "he" is
only used with motion verbs and is more vague. The target of "ni" is the final, intended destination (both physical and abstract). Using "he" however expresses that someone sets out towards the
direction of the target, but remains fuzzy about the ultimate destination.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/verbparticles#The_directional_particleTae Kim, p. 53
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Card ID: 1673815532162(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku ha toshokan he mukau
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Card ID: 1673815532164Where do you go? Note that you could also ask: "doko he iku".
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Card ID: 1673815532182(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
honkon kara shingapo-ru made
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Card ID: 1673815532196densha: train
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Card ID: 1673815532200[You buy your food at the] convenience store?!
konbini: Japanese convenience store, where you can buy all kinds of stuff. The opening hours are usually long and you'll see many when you go to Japan.
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Card ID: 1673815532206(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
doko de nani wo mita
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Card ID: 1673815532208Hello.... [other person complains] ...sorry... the train -> from context it's clear that the train was late. This is not a full, grammatically nice sentence, but a real & valid part of a conversation.
moshimoshi: Hello (e.g. on phone)
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Card ID: 1673815532210(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ammoshimoshi gomen densha ga
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Card ID: 1673815532224[I guess he will] come here soon.
mousugu: soon; shortly
koko: here (place physically close to the speaker)
Ignore "deshou" for now, it's used to express a degree of certainty and is covered later.
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Card ID: 1673815532226(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mousugu koko he kuru deshou
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Card ID: 1673815532228[Something clear from context] was written in [a/the] letter.
tegami: letter
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Card ID: 1673815532232Who should we ask/beg/request to.
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Card ID: 1673815532236[Do this] also for me, [I] beg/ask [you]. Here, the speaker asks someone to draw a line on his shoe. This will be an advantage for him in an upcoming deadly challenge. The listener already did this for the first one to face this challenge. Afterwards, the speaker says: ore ni mo, tanomu!
You could also translate this to: Also ask me! In the real context however, the "ni" marks "ore" as the target of the (unkown) action of the context: drawing a line on the shoe of the speaker. Just ignore this card if this is too weird.
The topic particles "ha, mo" can be combined with "ni, he, de" to express that a location or target is the topic (in case of "ha") or
also the topic (in case of "mo"). Another example is on the next card.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/verbparticles#When_location_is_the_topicTae Kim p. 55
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Card ID: 1673815532238(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ni mo tanomu ore mo
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Card ID: 1673815532240[Someone clear from context] wasn't over there either.
acchi: over there (direction distant from both speaker and listener). Note that the proper high Japanese way to express this is "achira", but in anime you'll hear the colloquial "acchi" more often.
inakatta: negative past of "iru" - to be.
The topic particles "ha, mo" can be combined with "ni, he, de" to express that a location or target is the topic (in case of "ha").
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/verbparticles#When_location_is_the_topicTae Kim p. 55
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Card ID: 1673815532242(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
acchi ni mo inakatta
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Card ID: 1673815532244[Someone clear from context] also isn't here [close to the speaker].
kocchi: over here (direction close to the speaker). Note that the proper high Japanese way to express this is "kochira", but in anime you'll hear the colloquial "kocchi" more often.
The topic particles "ha, mo" can be combined with "ni, he, de" to express that a location or target is the topic (in case of "ha").
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/verbparticles#When_location_is_the_topicTae Kim p. 55
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Card ID: 1673815532248[He/she/it] went over there!
socchi: over there (direction close to the listener, far from the speaker). Note that the proper high Japanese way to express this is "sochira", but in anime you'll hear the colloquial "socchi" more often.
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Card ID: 1673815532252
Wrap up for directions:
- achira/acchi: distant from both speaker/listener
- sochira/socchi: distant from speaker, close to listener
- kochira/kocchi: close to speaker, far from listener
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Card ID: 1673815532262[Something] also wasn't in the classrom. Note that what's being searched here is not a person. Do you know why? It's due to the nature of "aru", it means "to be there, to exist
for inanimate things". For a person not in the classroom, you'd use "inakatta".
kyoushitsu: classroom
nakatta: negative past of aru
Note that the conjugation of "aru" is irregular, you can't compare it to other verbs.
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Card ID: 1673815532264(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyoushitsu ni mo nakatta
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Card ID: 1673815532266As for over there, is it the bedroom?
shinshitsu: bedroom
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Card ID: 1673815532268(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
socchi ha shinshitsu
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Card ID: 1673815532270
Particle combination summary
"ni, he, de" can be combined with "ha, mo" to set the target or context as topic, here's
Tae Kim's explanation. Note that "wo" cannot be combined with these particles, so "fish wo mo tabeta" is wrong. You'd simply say: "fish mo tabeta".
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Card ID: 1673815532272...and this is the restroom.
soshite: and (only used for linking sentences, not to chain nouns. This is covered later)
otearai: restroom (polite, usually not used in casual conversations)
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Card ID: 1673815532274(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
soshite koko ga otearai
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Card ID: 1673815532280
Japanese sentence order
The smallest Japanese sentence with
proper grammar is a single verb (Tae Kim p. 61). Moreover, the verb in Japanese sentences always comes at the end (an exception not directly mentioned by Tae Kim in this context are sentence ending particles). Anything else before the verb may come in any particular order, because particles define the role of the words. Note that some orders sound more natural than others, but don't worry about that for now.
Maybe you already noticed this pattern on the previous cards. However, we already saw some exceptions, for example: "umi." This is a valid, colloquial statement (but not a proper sentence in terms of proper high Japanese grammar, Tae Kim covers that on p. 30 - state-of-being without "da"). Why am I writing this? Because it's useful to understand the next topic: Verb clauses (see next cards).
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Card ID: 1673815532282That's an example for the smallest, grammatically correct Japanese sentence: nomu - drink. It could be the answer to the question: What do you do at the bar next time? nomu - I drink (ok, I admit this example is rather stupid, but you'll see why I use it on the next cards).
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Card ID: 1673815532286This sentence may sound more reasonable: As for me, I drink - note the verb in the end.
"ne" in this case means: "you know; you see; I must say; I should think". This is in fact pretty different from the previous "ne"-s. It depends a bit on how this is pronounced. In case of questions, the meanings usually is "right?; isn't it?; doesn't it?; don't you?".
ne in the dictionary
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Card ID: 1673815532290This sentence may sound more reasonable: As for me, I drink - note the verb in the end.
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Card ID: 1673815532294On this card, we have a verb clause/sentence (nomu), which describes the noun (hito). Note that the hito is not nomuing in this sentence, but the hito is described as hito who nomus -> nomu hito. The verb, or more general: The sentence this verb represents, describes the person.
In Japanese, you can use entire sentences to describe nouns. They are called "relative verb clauses" (Tae Kim, p. 60). For me, this was one of the most important things to understand.
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Card ID: 1673815532298As for the people who are here [what will happen to them]?
Another verb clause example. The sentence "koko ni iru" describes "hitotachi", the "ha" in the end indicates that the speaker may continue (the sentence is not complete, you can hear that from the intonation). The hitotachi here are described as people, who are here.
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Card ID: 1673815532300(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koko ni iru hitotachi ha
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Card ID: 1673815532302[These are] bothersome people.
komatta: past tense of komaru - to be troubled / in trouble
However, "komatta" on its own (i.e. in past tense) also means: uncomfortable, bothersome and "komatta hito" has its own dictionary entry: https://jisho.org/search/komatta
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Card ID: 1673815532304(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
komatta hitotachi da naa
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Card ID: 1673815532306As for the people [you] saw: who [are they]?
tte: colloquial for "ha", this is covered later.
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Card ID: 1673815532312(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shiranai hito da kara
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Card ID: 1673815532316(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ningen janai mono
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Card ID: 1673815532320(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
zutto suki datta hito
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Card ID: 1673815532322[She] plays with [her] friends.
The inclusive "to" particle is used with nouns. It shows that an action (asobu) was done together with someone else. It can simply be translated as "with" in this case. Note that "to" has more uses which are covered later.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/nounparticlesTae Kim p. 62
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Card ID: 1673815532326Don't [you want to] play with me?
I haven't seen this anime, but it sounds like there's a girl speaking here (sorry, if that's wrong, let's just assume it's
really a girl): Interesting is that she refers to herself as "boku", which is usually used by males. There are also girls using "ore" for themselves, which sounds rather rough. That's a stylistic device for emphasizing certain traits, often hard to spot.
The inclusive "to" particle is used with nouns. It shows that an action (asobu) was done together with someone else. It can simply be translated as "with" in this case. Note that "to" has more uses which are covered later.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/nounparticlesTae Kim p. 62
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Card ID: 1673815532334
Instead of "to" you can also use "ya" for an incomplete list of nouns. It is more vague than "to". It's not used so often, so I don't have a good example sentence yet. I'll add one later.
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Card ID: 1673815532336neko: cat
References:
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Card ID: 1673815532342(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
inu toka neko toka sa
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Card ID: 1673815532346(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
toshokan toka suizokukan toka
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Card ID: 1673815532350(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tomodachi toka kanojo toka
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Card ID: 1673815532352[I] live with [my] girlfriend.
sumu: to live (of humans); to reside
Note that kanojo also means "she" sometimes.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815532356Things being liked, are they there? Or less literal: Are there things you like?
This translation reads weird for two reasons: First, "to like something" is expressed by an adjective in Japanese (suki). Second, the "aru". It's something you'll get used to over time. If the card is too confusing, just ignore it - it does not introduce anything new.
"toka" is often used as colloquial filler, similar to "like" or "or something" in English. It makes a sentence more vague or conveys uncertain information.
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Card ID: 1673815532358(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
suki na mono toka aru
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Card ID: 1673815532362(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tsuyoi hito toka iru
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Card ID: 1673815532364[So you] like [things] like the sea?
The double "like" might look a bit weird here. The second one makes the question a bit more vague and general. Maybe the listener also likes lakes ;).
"toka" is often used as colloquial filler, similar to "like" or "or something" in English. It makes a sentence more vague or conveys uncertain information.
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Card ID: 1673815532368[I'm worried, she's my] beloved little sister!
imouto: younger sister
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Card ID: 1673815532370(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
taisetsu na imouto da
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Card ID: 1673815532372[I like many things, such as] going to karaoke with [your / my] younger sister.
-san: suffix that makes addressing someone more polite.
Note that the speaker in this sentence not necesarily talks to her own younger sister. In this case, the use of -san would be unlikely anyways, because younger people are rather not addressed with -san. It's complicated ;)). More likely, the person talks to someone else about that person's younger sister. Note that ways for addressing people are covered in more detail later.
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Card ID: 1673815532374(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
imoutosan to karaoke ni iku toka
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Card ID: 1673815532376[I am not afraid because] my comrade/partner is there.
The "no/の" particle is very important and has many uses. For example, it connects nouns and indicates possession, so "watashi no" means: "my" (fellow, colleague, comrade in this case).
References:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iY2Wiy7kceI
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Card ID: 1673815532378(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore no nakama ga iru
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Card ID: 1673815532384[This is] meat from a dog / dog meat (this anime is about dogs and a dog is actually saying this. So for them, it's probably not that tasty ;)).
The use of "no" is not limited to pronouns like watashi to indicate possession, but can be applied to nouns in general.
Note that "inu no niku" can also mean the "dog's meat" in the sense: Meat eaten by the dog. I'd say this is more likely, pork also is "butaniku" and not "buta no niku". Don't worry about this too much, it should be easily clear from context.
References:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iY2Wiy7kceI
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Card ID: 1673815532392As for my opponent: Who [is it]?
Or less literally: Who's my opponent?
aite: "other party" or "the other", this can mean either opponent or partner / ally. This is a bit confusing, but usually clear from context, read more about this
here.
References:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iY2Wiy7kceI
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Card ID: 1673815532396[This is] mine? lit. my thing?
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Card ID: 1673815532400As for like food / food [you] like... [what is it]?
tabemono: food
Here, the listener is a new student at school and is ambushed with questions. She is a bit overwhelmed and asks "e - what?" before the speaker asks "suki na tabemono ha?". The "e" and the "suki" mix a bit, which makes it a bit harder to understand. This is from K-ON season 1 Episode 9 (very beginning), if you want to check yourself.
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Card ID: 1673815532406(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ningen no taberu mono janai na
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Card ID: 1673815532408The taste of happiness.
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Card ID: 1673815532412"Is the owner of this house there"? or: "are the people of this house there"?
In English, you'd rather say: Is anyone home?
It's a question without question marker, this is introduced later in the deck.
koko: here, this place (close to the speaker)
In this example, "no/の" links three items together: here no house no person -> owner of people of this house.
The world god only knowns, season 3, episode 7, around 10:00.
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Card ID: 1673815532414(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koko no ie no hito iru
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Card ID: 1673815532416[This] is my dream.
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Card ID: 1673815532420Sorry, [it's] my fault.
sei: fault
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Card ID: 1673815532422(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
gomen watashi no sei da
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Card ID: 1673815532424As for the meaning of [my] life...
jinsei: (human) life
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Card ID: 1673815532426(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku no jinsei no imi ha
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Card ID: 1673815532428[The people you just saw] were her parents.
ryoushin: (both) parents
kanojo: she (sometimes also girlfriend)
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Card ID: 1673815532430(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kanojo no ryoushin datta
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Card ID: 1673815532436The power of the heart... [what's that supposed to mean?!]
kokoro: mind; heart; spirit
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Card ID: 1673815532442(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ha umi no otoko zo
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Card ID: 1673815532444In this example, the clause "koko ni iru" describes "subete no hito". All the people, who are here. The "ga" in the end indicates that the sentence continues.
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Card ID: 1673815532446(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koko ni iru subete no hito ga
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Card ID: 1673815532448As for her, [she's] my important fellow.
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Card ID: 1673815532450(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kanojo ha watashi no daiji na nakama da
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Card ID: 1673815532452[I go this way] because my house is in this direction.
Note that Tae Kim covers "kara" later. It usually connects two sentences in the following fashion: Reason kara result, meaning: because of reason, result happened. If the result is clear from context, it is often omitted, just as in this example. I'll pick this up in more detail later.
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Card ID: 1673815532454(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ja watashi no ie kocchi da kara
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Card ID: 1673815532456[This is] the teacher's like-it-item (an item the teacher likes).
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Card ID: 1673815532458(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sensei no suki na mono
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Card ID: 1673815532460[I] don't get the meaning of "ok" -> nothing is ok here!
Imagine two persons in a dangerous situation. Person A said: daijoubu - safe / secure / ok. Person B responds with this sentence.
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Card ID: 1673815532462(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daijoubu no imi ga wakaranai
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Card ID: 1673815532464Whose fault is it?!
This sounds a bit like the speaker was accused of doing something. He defends himself by saying: Come on, think again? Who is at fault?! Not me!
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Card ID: 1673815532468My comrade / ally is there [with me].
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Card ID: 1673815532470(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi no nakama ga iru
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Card ID: 1673815532472Here is my house.
koko: here, this place (close to the speaker)
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Card ID: 1673815532476As for here, [it's] my bedroom.
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Card ID: 1673815532478(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koko ha watashi no shinshitsu
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Card ID: 1673815532480My life is my item -> my life belongs to me!
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Card ID: 1673815532482(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi no jinsei ha watashi no mono
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Card ID: 1673815532484Sorry, it's my fault.
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Card ID: 1673815532486(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
gomennasai watashi no sei da
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Card ID: 1673815532488Someone here is a can-do-it-guy -> a capable guy.
dekiru: to be able (in a position) to do
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Card ID: 1673815532492[We're in trouble] because someone who can do [it] is not there.
Note that Tae Kim covers "kara" later. It usually connects two sentences in the following fashion: Reason kara result, meaning: because of reason, result happened. If the result is clear from context, it is often omitted, just as in this example. I'll pick this up in more detail later.
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Card ID: 1673815532494(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dekiru hito ga inai kara
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Card ID: 1673815532496[Don't worry, you can leave.] It's not that I am alone
hitoribocchi: loneliness; solitude
Isn't something missing here? On the previous cards, similar examples always started with "watashi ha". In casual speech, particles are often omitted. This is no good practice for beginners, but for sure something to be aware of.
In this sentence "mono" is actually used for emphasis as explained
here. This is also explained on
jisho (#6). Don't worry about this for now, I will add more examples later.
The "watashi" here sounds a bit like "atashi". atashi is also a valid word for "I" but only used by females.
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Card ID: 1673815532498(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi hitoribocchi janai mono
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Card ID: 1673815532500[The plan is] "ore no koko ni" -> all in my head.
The speaker is pointing at his head and refers to it as "koko - here". The no in this example has the same meaning as on the previous cards, it simply links "ore" to "koko", which literally means "my koko/here". Since he is referring to his head (which is "atama" in Japanese), you could also say: "ore no atama ni aru".
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Card ID: 1673815532504Whose fault is it?!
This again sounds a bit like the speaker was accused of doing something. He defends himself by saying: Come on, think again? Who is at fault?! Not me!
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Card ID: 1673815532508[It's] mine.
If it is clear, what's meant from context, the target of "no" can be omitted. Remember the last card? "dare no sei da". Instead of saying "boku no sei da" you can just say: "boku no".
Keep in mind that "no" in this case would link a property to a noun, e.g. boku no
sei / ie / inu. This is important for the next cards.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/nounparticles#The_particleTae Kim p. 65
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Card ID: 1673815532516
"no/の" as generic noun
From the last cards you learned that the target noun of "no" can be omitted. In this case, "no" takes over the role of the noun itself (Tae Kim, p. 65). This means:
We can treat verbs and adjectives as nouns by adding "no/の". The no-particle then becomes a generic noun, which can be treated just like a regular one. The use of this is a bit technical: It enables to apply noun-related particles (wo, ha, mo) to verbs and adjectives, some examples follow.
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Card ID: 1673815532520(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shinu no ha kowakunai
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Card ID: 1673815532528(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ayamaru no ha kocchi da
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Card ID: 1673815532532(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
katsu no ha watashi da
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Card ID: 1673815532534Killing people is a bad thing!
koto: thing, matter (abstract / intangible)
Whereas English uses the word “thing” to refer to anything that exists, Japanese generally divides existence into the physical and non-physical. mono is usually a tangible thing, such as a wallet, a cabbage, a door, or a coin, while koto is an intangible thing, such as a win, a habit, a wish, or an incident.
verb + no enables to attach the topic marker "ha". This is very similar to the English nominalization (appending "-ing" to the verb).
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/nounparticles#The_particleTae Kim p. 65
https://www.japanallover.com/2008/09/japanese-mono-and-koto
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Card ID: 1673815532536(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hito wo korosu no ha warui koto da
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Card ID: 1673815532538As for darkness, it is scary.
kurai: dark; gloomy
In this example, "no" is used for nominalizing an adjective, this again allows to add the "ga" particle (similar to "ha" on the previous cards).
Remember that "toka" is a colloquial way of making a sentence more vague, just like adding "or something" in English.
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Card ID: 1673815532540(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kurai no ga kowai toka
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Card ID: 1673815532542[What are you afraid of? - Many things, for example] dark places.
tokoro: place; spot; scene; site
Japanese also has many words that can be used instead of "no", for example "tokoro". So instead of saying "kurai no ha", you can also refer to something slightly more specific: a "kurai tokoro" - dark place instead of the more general nominalized "kurai". you already learned "mono", this acts the same way.
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Card ID: 1673815532548(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
jikan to no shoubu da
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Card ID: 1673815532552(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi to no yakusoku ha
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Card ID: 1673815532556(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tomodachi no chikara tte sugoi no ne
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Card ID: 1673815532562[You don't need to apologize] because I am to blame (i.e. it's my fault).
"no" at the end of a sentence conveys an explanatory tone.
Note that a single "no" at the end may sound feminine. Guys likely add a "da" to add more force, like in this example.
Remark: "warui" means "bad, poor, undesireable", but when used like this, it means "at fault, to blame", see also
here.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/nounparticles#The_particle_as_explanationTae Kim p. 67
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Card ID: 1673815532566[I apologized] because I was at fault.
"no" at the end of a sentence conveys an explanatory tone.
Note that a single "no" at the end may sound feminine. Guys likely add a "da" to add more force, like in this example.
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Card ID: 1673815532568(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ga warukatta no da
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Card ID: 1673815532570[We] win with [only] half [of our] power.
hanbun: half
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Card ID: 1673815532572(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hanbun no chikara de katsu
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Card ID: 1673815532576(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha katta no da
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Card ID: 1673815532578[This] was a dream?
This is a question without question indicator.
"no" in the end of a question adds the nuance of "I want an explanation" to the question. So in this case, someone may want to know, why someone else woke up: yume wo mita no?
The weird thing here is that this does not sound feminine (according to Tae Kim, the reason might be that the declarative "da" cannot be used in questions (p. 67)).
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/nounparticles#The_particle_as_explanationTae Kim p. 67
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Card ID: 1673815532586The speaker is searching for some living being and asks: Was [he / she / it, clear from context] here? (With a "please explain" connotation).
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Card ID: 1673815532590It's not about being able or not being able [to do something], again in an explanatory tone.
In contrast to "to" and "ya", toka can also be attached to verbs.
yo ne: combination of the sentence ending particles "yo" (new point you're trying to make) and "ne" (seeking aggreement). Don't worry about the somewhat technical rules here, "yo" and "ne" are very often used in conversations, you'll hear many many examples.
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Card ID: 1673815532592(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dekiru toka dekinai toka janai no yo ne
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Card ID: 1673815532594[No need to hide this] because I already saw it.
In practice, the "no da/の だ" is often spelled as "n da/ん だ", maybe because it is easier to pronounce.
Isn't something missing here? On the previous cards, similar examples always started with "ore ha". In casual speech, particles are often omitted. This is no good practice for beginners, but for sure something to be aware of.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/nounparticles#The_particle_as_explanationTae Kim p. 67/68
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Card ID: 1673815532600(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi yume ga aru n da
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Card ID: 1673815532606[Something is] understood by us.
A question on what the "ni" is supposed to mean came up here. I actually didn't notice it when I added the card, sorry if this caused any trouble. I'd suggest you don't worry about it much for now, you can simply omit it and the meaning of the sentence will not change much.
If you're still curious, here's the explanation: As we learned before, "ni" marks the target of the verb "wakaru". In this sentence, it indicates that the understanding of something applies only or mostly to "bokutachi". So "something is understood
by us (and maybe not by someone else). Read more on this
here.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/nounparticles#The_particle_as_explanationTae Kim p. 67/68
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Card ID: 1673815532608(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
bokutachi ni ha wakaru n da
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Card ID: 1673815532630Good morning, [you are] early today, aren't you?
hayai: fast, early
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Card ID: 1673815532632(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ohayou kyou ha hayai ne
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Card ID: 1673815532638The thing [we] lose [if this happens] is big.
ookii: big; large; great
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Card ID: 1673815532640(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ushinau mono ha ookii zo
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Card ID: 1673815532642I become strong.
naru: to become; to get
Reminder: Changing the "i" of an i-adjective to "ku" makes it an adverb that describes the following verb.
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Card ID: 1673815532646[It] grew big, didn't it!
natta: past of naru
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Card ID: 1673815532650[They] became clean, didn't they? The clothes [I mean].
fuku: clothes (esp. western clothes)
Remember that "kirei" is a na-adjective, even though it ends on a n "i". For na-adjectives, simply use [adjective + ni] to use them as adverb (i.e. to describe a verb).
Pay attention to the pronunciation here, there is a short pause after "kirei ni natta ne". It also sounds like a soft questions. Sounds like the speaker forgot to mention
what actually became clean and adds it (the clothes of course!) afterwards.
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Card ID: 1673815532652(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kirei ni natta ne fuku
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Card ID: 1673815532654[Someone clear from context] isn't a bad person (in an explanatory tone due to "n da").
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Card ID: 1673815532656(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
warui hito janai n da yo ne
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Card ID: 1673815532658What [should we] do? Note that the meaning of "should we" is implicit.
suru: to do
Remark: Most resources teach this as "to do", but in fact it is more general. Don't worry about this for now, it's covered in more detail later.
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Card ID: 1673815532662What [are you] do[ing]?! Note that just from the changed intonation, the sentence meaning changed. Also note that the stuff in square brackets is not explicitly stated in Japanese, the meaning in this case however is that of the English sentence.
suru: to do
Remark: Most resources teach this as "to do", but in fact it is more general. Don't worry about this for now, it's covered in more detail later.
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Card ID: 1673815532666[I] promise.
The verb "suru" is slightly special. Together with a noun, you can omit the "wo"-particle, the entire compound then acts as a verb. When you look up such a noun on
jisho, you'll notice the word type to be "noun, suru verb".
suru: to do
Remark: Most resources teach this as "to do", but in fact it is more general. Don't worry about this for now, it's covered in more detail later.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/verbparticlesTae Kim p. 51
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Card ID: 1673815532674[You] became strong.
natta: past of naru
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Card ID: 1673815532678[I] don't go.
ikanai: negative of iku
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Card ID: 1673815532682As for today [the panda] doesn't come. They're talking about the panda who doesn't attend his job at the zoo today.
konai: negative of kuru.
The negative form of kuru is one out of few verb conjugation exceptions (Tae Kim p. 46).
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Card ID: 1673815532686I won.
Note that the plain past tense of "katsu - to win" and "kau - to buy" is the same.
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Card ID: 1673815532690[Someone] didn't come.
konakatta: past negative of kuru
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Card ID: 1673815532694I never realized [this].
wakaranakatta: past negative of wakaru
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Card ID: 1673815532696(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi zutto wakaranakatta
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Card ID: 1673815532698
Congratulations, you finished Tae Kim's chapter "Basic Grammar!"
In addition to the grammar, you learned
207 words, great!
The first version of this course ended here, in the meantime I added more cards. If you like the course, please rate it on
Ankiweb. If you don't like it, please send me some suggestions for improvement: joe@japanese-like-a-breeze.com. Thanks!
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Card ID: 1673815532700
Don't be rude, part 2
The Japanese we learned so far is very informal and only used among friends or people who know each other well. Tae Kim calls it "well and good if you're 5 years old". Fortunately, everything we learned so far can be easily conjugated to 丁寧語/teineigo, a politer form of the language, which will be introduced now. Use it whenever you talk to strangers or people of higher social rank.
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Card ID: 1673815532702
Sloppy teineigo summary
Quick reminder: So far you learned the following tenses/forms (verb example):
- plain / present tense: taberu
- negative plain / present tense: tabenai
- past tense: tabeta
- negative past tense: tabenakatta
All of these also exist for i-adjectives: oishii, oishikunai, oishikatta, oishikunakatta.
And for na-adjectives by using: da, datta, janai, janakatta.
In the following, you'll learn to conjugate these to polite speech/teineigo, starting with plain verb examples. This might seem to be really complicated, but in the end it's dead simple:
The essence of teineigo revolves around using a form of the ending "-masu" for verbs and "desu" for the rest . I'll sum this up for you in more detail in about 110 cards. Hang in there!
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Card ID: 1673815532704
Sloppy teineigo for verbs
A verb is conjugated to teineigo by somehow appending a form of "-masu" to it. Don't worry about the rules, an example for every verb type follows! (And a summary in the end).Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815532706"itadakimasu" is actually a phrase Japanese people say before starting a meal. The dictionary form is "itadaku", but I think the teineigo-form is used more often.
itadaku: to receive
itadakimasu: polite / teineigo conjugation of itadaku
A plain verb is made more polite by somehow appending "-masu".
References:
Tae Kim first explains verb stems, then the -masu form. I do it the other way round.
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/polite#Using_to_make_verbs_politeTae Kim p. 78
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Card ID: 1673815532730sake: alcoholic beverage
Remark: In western languages, "sake" refers to Japanese rice wine. In Japanese, sake is a broader category that refers to any type of alcoholic beverage, no matter where it comes from. The Japanese rice wine is called nihonshu/日本酒 in Japanese.
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Card ID: 1673815532734[We] drink sake [there].
nomimasu: polite/teineigo of nomu (to drink)
osake: polite/teineigo for sake (alcoholic beverage)
Some nouns also have a teineigo form. In this case they start with an additional "o/お" or "go/ご". Note that "o" or "go" can't be added to all nouns, you'll need to learn this from the respective context. I'll add some more examples soon.
References:
Tae Kim first explains verb stems, then the -masu form. I do it the other way round.
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/polite#Using_to_make_verbs_politeTae Kim p. 78
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Card ID: 1673815532738yobu: to call out (to); to call; to invoke
Obviously, the speaker wants to yobu someone with his phone. Do you remember the Japanese word for phone?
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Card ID: 1673815532742I also [will] eat [this]! The speaker says this in anticipation of some super delicious food someone else has already tasted.
tabemasu: polite/teineigo of taberu (to eat)
Remark: You could also translate this as "I also want to eat this" in English, which was the translation of this card up to deck version 14. Since there's a dedicated form for saying "want to" in Japanese (covered later), I changed the translation.
References:
Tae Kim first explains verb stems, then the -masu form. I do it the other way round.
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/polite#Using_to_make_verbs_politeTae Kim p. 78
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Card ID: 1673815532750[I will] totally win (the speaker is talking to his teacher and wants to convince him).
An interesting point here is that Japanese does not have a future tense. The present tense is used for both present and future, future is either expressed by context as in this example (the date of the contest is known to both). Or if it is unknown, it is stated by using time words as "tomorrow" or "next week". That's actually a lot simpler than in English. For this reason, some people also avoid the term "present tense" and say that there's past and non-past only.
kachimasu: polite/teineigo of katsu (to win)
zettai: definitely; absolutely; unconditionally
References:
Tae Kim first explains verb stems, then the -masu form. I do it the other way round.
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/polite#Using_to_make_verbs_politeTae Kim p. 78
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Card ID: 1673815532754Ok, ok, [I'll] wait!
machimasu: polite/teineigo of matsu (to wait)
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Card ID: 1673815532758
Side note: Japanese has no whitespaces
Due to the distinctive nature of the Japanese writing system, there is no need for whitespaces. Especially the use of kanji characters enables to distinguish words from each other - provided that you learned them in the first place. In this course I added spaces between words to make the sentences easier to read. This is also something my anki addon does for you. Especially in the beginning I think that this makes learning much faster. Since the whitespaces are computed automatically however, there might be some errors as it's quite difficult to get this right. I manually edit the cards of this course, but I might overlook some errors. If the spacing looks weird for you, just remove all spaces in your mind ;).
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Card ID: 1673815532760kaimasu: polite/teineigo of kau (to buy)
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Card ID: 1673815532764[I will] also fight.
tatakaimasu: polite/teineigo of tatakau (to fight, to wage war)
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Card ID: 1673815532768Sorry, [I need to] hurry a bit.
sukoshi: small quantity; a little; few
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Card ID: 1673815532770(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sumimasen sukoshi isogimasu
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Card ID: 1673815532772[Hey, don't do that! I'll] call the police!
yobimasu: polite/teineigo of yobu (to call out (to); to call; to invoke)
keisatsu: police
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Card ID: 1673815532774(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
keisatsu yobimasu yo
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Card ID: 1673815532776[I] fight till the end.
saigo: end; conclusion
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Card ID: 1673815532778(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
saigo made tatakaimasu
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Card ID: 1673815532788ikimasu: polite/teineigo of iku (to go)
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Card ID: 1673815532792orimasu: polite/teineigo of oriru (to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to get off (bus / train)
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Card ID: 1673815532796Important conversation is there -> [I] need to talk about [something] important.
arimasu: polite/teineigo of aru (to be there, to exist for inanimate things)
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Card ID: 1673815532798(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daiji na hanashi ga arimasu
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Card ID: 1673815532800[Something] will become happiness / good fortune. Probably something these people are about to do makes them happy.
narimasu: polite/teineigo of naru (to become, to get)
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Card ID: 1673815532802(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shiawase ni narimasu
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Card ID: 1673815532804nemui: sleepy
Refresher: Replacing "i" by "ku" in an i-adjective makes it an adverb (i.e. it can be used to describe a verb, just as in this example).
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Card ID: 1673815532808There's a person you like, right?
imasu: polite/teineigo of iru (to be there, to exist for animate things)
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Card ID: 1673815532810(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
suki na hito ga imasu yo ne
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Card ID: 1673815532812asobimasu: polite/teineigo of asobu (to play)
wa yo: female emphatic sentence-ending particle
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Card ID: 1673815532816kakimasu: polite/teineigo of kaku (to write)
naishinsho means "school record (on a student); transcript (of grades)". It's not a frequent word, so just ignore it - I couldn't find a better example for "kakimasu".
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Card ID: 1673815532818(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku ha kakimasu yo naishinsho ni
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Card ID: 1673815532820[Something] becomes an interesthing thing / matter. perhaps...
tabun: perhaps; probably
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Card ID: 1673815532822(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omoshiroi koto ni naru yo tabun ne
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Card ID: 1673815532824Sorry, [I] go immediately!
sugu: immediately; at once; right away
sugu can also mean soon, which is a little less urgent.
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Card ID: 1673815532826(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sumimasen sugu ikimasu
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Card ID: 1673815532828Maybe I soon die. This sentence is just for the sake of completeness to conclude the teineigo-conjugation of verbs. It contains "shinu", which ends on the rare "nu".
shinimasu: polite/teineigo of shinu (to die)
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Card ID: 1673815532830(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tabun sugu shinimasu yo ore ha
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Card ID: 1673815532832
Present tense teineigo wrapup
By now you saw a present tense teineigo example for each possible verb ending. Here's a summary:
-su/す: hanasu -> hanashimasu
-ku/く: kaku -> kakimasu
-gu/ぐ: isogu -> isogimasu
-mu/む: tanomu -> tanomimasu
-nu/ぬ: shinu -> shinimasu
-bu/ぶ: asobu -> asobimasu
-ru/る: taberu -> tabemasu
-tsu/つ matsu -> machimasu
-u/う kau -> kaimasu
And two irregulars:
suru -> shimasu
kuru -> kimasu
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Card ID: 1673815532834
A tiny difference
Maybe you already noticed a tiny difference or irregularity in the verb conjugation. We had two words ending on "ru/る", but the -masu form was constructed differently:
- ru verb: taberu -> tabemasu (the entire "ru/る"-character was replaced by -masu, there's no "r"-part left)
- -u verb: wakaru -> wakarimasu (there's an "r"-part left, i.e. instead of replacing "ru/る" with masu, the "u" turned into an "imasu"
The reason for this is simple: Japanese has two different verb types, ru verbs and -u verbs. Every word not ending on "ru" automatically is an -u verb, e.g. hanasu, kaku, etc. Unfortunately, some verbs ending on "ru" are also "u"-verbs, just as in this example. It's just something to keep in mind. I worried about these differences a lot, but you'll easily learn this from context. Japanese people also won't kill you, if you mix this up and say "taberimasu" instead of "tabemasu".
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Card ID: 1673815532836nomimono: beverage (notice the similarity to nomu - to drink)
ka (always written in Hiragana as か): Question marker particle
"ka" explicitly marks a sentence as question. I'm sure you remember all those questions without "ka": In casual speech it is often omitted, the question is formed by intonation.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/questionTae Kim p. 86
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Card ID: 1673815532838(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nomimono wo nomimasu ka
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Card ID: 1673815532840[Do you] go [there]?
ka (always written in Hiragana as か): Question marker particle
"ka" explicitly marks a sentence as question. I'm sure you remember all those questions without "ka": In casual speech it is often omitted, the question is formed by intonation.
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Card ID: 1673815532844[You] don't know [this]?
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Card ID: 1673815532848As for me, [I] don't go.
ikimasen: negative polite/teineigo of iku (to go)
The negative polite teineigo form is simply built by using "-masen" instead of "-masu".
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Card ID: 1673815532852wakarimasen: negative polite/teineigo of wakaru (to understand)
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Card ID: 1673815532856omoimasen: negative polite/teineigo of omou (to think, to believe)
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Card ID: 1673815532860arimasen: negative polite/teineigo of aru (to be, to exist)
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Card ID: 1673815532864As for the meaning [of something that just happened], [I] don't understand.
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Card ID: 1673815532868As for promise, [I] can't do.
yakusoku: promise
dekimasen: negative polite/teineigo of dekiru (to be able to)
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Card ID: 1673815532870(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yakusoku ha dekimasen
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Card ID: 1673815532872Teacher, aren't [you] there?
imasen: negative polite/teineigo of iru (to be there, to exist for animate things)
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Card ID: 1673815532876This sentence could be the answer to the order "Don't do this" - yes, [I] don't do [it]. Or the question "So he doesn't do his homework?" - yes, [he] doesn't do [it].
shimasen: negative polite/teineigo of suru (to do)
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Card ID: 1673815532890(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kenka ni mo narimasen deshita yo
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Card ID: 1673815532892[I] completely didn't understand -> in the sense: I understood nothing.
zenzen: wholly; entirely; completely
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Card ID: 1673815532894(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
zenzen wakarimasen deshita
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Card ID: 1673815532896"got it."
wakarimashita: past polite/teineigo of wakaru (to unterstand)
The past polite/teineigo form is simply built by using "-mashita" instead of "-masu".
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Card ID: 1673815532900[I] forgot [it].
wasuremashita: past polite/teineigo of wasureru (to forget)
The past polite/teineigo form is simply built by using "-mashita" instead of "-masu".
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Card ID: 1673815532904Could [you] do/finish [it]? Meaning: Are you done? is it done?
dekimashita: past polite/teineigo of dekiru (to be able to, to finish)
The past polite/teineigo form is simply built by using "-mashita" instead of "-masu".
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Card ID: 1673815532908Remember "arigatou gozaimasu" as polite way to thank someone? If the thing you're thanking for happened a while a go in the past, you use "gozaimashita". "gozaimasu" is used to thank fo something that happened just now.
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Card ID: 1673815532910(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hai arigatou gozaimashita
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Card ID: 1673815532912Literally, the sentence reads [something] became late. It means that either the speaker or someone else was late.
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Card ID: 1673815532916[We] ate [everything on the table, didn't we].
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Card ID: 1673815532920[You / it / someone] became strong.
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Card ID: 1673815532924[I] bought [it].
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Card ID: 1673815532928[Someone / I] made a promise.
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Card ID: 1673815532930(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yakusoku shimashita yo
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Card ID: 1673815532932
Polite/teineigo counjugation summary for verbs
So far you learned the following tenses/forms (verb example):
- plain / present tense: append -masu (e.g. tabemasu)
- negative plain / present tense: append -masen (e.g. tabemasen)
- past tense: append -mashita (e.g. tabemashita)
- negative past tense: append -masen deshita (e.g. tabemasen deshita)
What you should remember is that these endings (-masu, -masen, -mashita, -masen deshita) make the sentence more polite. The way they are appended depends on the verb ending. I'd recommend to listen to a few more examples instead of or before trying to construct this yourself. The verb conjugations are by the way the only grammar related things I actively practiced a bit myself.
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Card ID: 1673815532934
Politeness / teineigo for i-adjectives
Do you remember the different forms for i-adjectives? They are made polite by appending "desu" (
Tae Kim, p. 79). Here's an overview, more details on the next cards!
- plain / present tense: oishii desu
- negative plain / present tense: oishikunai desu
- past tense: oishikatta desu
- negative past tense: oishikunakatta desu
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Card ID: 1673815532936[It's] tasty.
desu: politeness marker
According to Tae Kim, Everything that does not end on a verb will become polite by adding "desu" (p. 79). That may be a bit vague, but you'll face "desu" so often that it will become easily clear from context. Technically, it is the teineigo conjugation of "da", but the uses of "desu" can be very different from "da". Therefore I follow
Tofugu's definition and simply describe "desu" as politeness marker. You already see one difference in this example: "desu" is attached to an i-adjective, which is not possible for "da".
References:
Tae Kim's definition of desuTofugu's definition of desu
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Card ID: 1673815532940[It] was tasty.
desu: politeness marker
According to Tae Kim, Everything that does not end on a verb will become polite by adding "desu" (p. 79). That may be a bit vague, but you'll face "desu" so often that it will become easily clear from context. Technically, it is the teineigo conjugation of "da", but the uses of "desu" can be very different from "da". Therefore I follow
Tofugu's definition and simply describe "desu" as politeness marker. You already see one difference in this example: "desu" is attached to an i-adjective, which is not possible for "da".
References:
Tae Kim's definition of desuTofugu's definition of desu
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Card ID: 1673815532944[That's] not bad.
desu: politeness marker
According to Tae Kim, Everything that does not end on a verb will become polite by adding "desu" (p. 79). That may be a bit vague, but you'll face "desu" so often that it will become easily clear from context. Technically, it is the teineigo conjugation of "da", but the uses of "desu" can be very different from "da". Therefore I follow
Tofugu's definition and simply describe "desu" as politeness marker. You already see one difference in this example: "desu" is attached to an i-adjective, which is not possible for "da".
References:
Tae Kim's definition of desuTofugu's definition of desu
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Card ID: 1673815532948[You're] not to blame / don't worry, it's not bad.
desu: politeness marker
According to Tae Kim, Everything that does not end on a verb will become polite by adding "desu" (p. 79). That may be a bit vague, but you'll face "desu" so often that it will become easily clear from context. Technically, it is the teineigo conjugation of "da", but the uses of "desu" can be very different from "da". Therefore I follow
Tofugu's definition and simply describe "desu" as politeness marker. You already see one difference in this example: "desu" is attached to an i-adjective, which is not possible for "da".
References:
Tae Kim's definition of desuTofugu's definition of desu
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Card ID: 1673815532952Eh, wasn't [that] scary?
desu: politeness marker
are: huh?, eh?
According to Tae Kim, Everything that does not end on a verb will become polite by adding "desu" (p. 79). That may be a bit vague, but you'll face "desu" so often that it will become easily clear from context. Technically, it is the teineigo conjugation of "da", but the uses of "desu" can be very different from "da". Therefore I follow
Tofugu's definition and simply describe "desu" as politeness marker. You already see one difference in this example: "desu" is attached to an i-adjective, which is not possible for "da".
References:
Tae Kim's definition of desuTofugu's definition of desu
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Card ID: 1673815532954(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
are kowakunakatta desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815532962(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
totemo tanoshikatta desu
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Card ID: 1673815532966(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou ha ii tenki da ne
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Card ID: 1673815532970(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
umi tanoshikatta desu ne
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Card ID: 1673815532972
Reality check: Politeness for i-adjectives
Tae Kim splits up teineigo into two rules: "-masu for verbs" and "desu for the rest". This is very pragmatic and very close to the actual use of Japanese in practice. The "desu for everything else"-part however is a bit diffuse and some textbooks introduce this differently. The grammatically correct way of creating the negative forms for i-adjectives (which is rather found in written materials) is:
- negative plain / present tense: oishiku arimasen (instead of oishikunai desu)
- negative past tense: oishiku arimasen deshita (instead of oishikunakatta desu)
Both sound rather formal, also refer to the reality check in Tae Kim's
book. I'll add some examples on the following cards.
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Card ID: 1673815532974omoshiroi (interesting) in this example becomes omoshiroku arimasen (not interesting). This is the grammatically correct way for a polite negative i-adjective. In practice, you'll encounter "omoshirokunai desu" more often though.
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Card ID: 1673815532978oishii (yummy) in this example becomes oishiku arimasen deshita (was not yummy). This is the grammatically correct way for a polite past negative i-adjective. In practice, you'll encounter "oishikunakatta desu" more often though.
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Card ID: 1673815532980(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
o oishiku arimasen deshita ka
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Card ID: 1673815532982Isn't [it] cold [over there]?
samui: cold (e.g. weather)
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Card ID: 1673815532986[It] is quiet.
shizuka: quiet; silent
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Card ID: 1673815532990
Politeness / teineigo for na-adjectives and nouns
Do you remember the different forms we had so far for na-adjectives and nouns? They can't be conjugated themselves, but the state-of-being was expressed using forms of "da", here's a quick summary using the na-adjective shizuka (quiet):
- plain / present tense: shizuka da
- negative plain / present tense: shizuka janai
- past tense: shizuka datta
- negative past tense: shizuka janakatta
These forms are made polite as follows
(Tae Kim, p. 80):
- plain / present tense: shizuka desu
- negative plain / present tense: shizuka janai desu
- past tense: shizuka deshita
- negative past tense: shizuka janakatta desu
In the present tense, da is replaced by desu. In the past tense, deshita is used. It might be useful to keep in mind that "desu" and "deshita" are conjugations of "da", even though they are used differently. A separate card for explaining this in more detail follows soon, first some examples.
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Card ID: 1673815532992[It] is very quiet.
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Card ID: 1673815532996[Something] was pretty / lovely.
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Card ID: 1673815532998(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kirei deshita ne
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Card ID: 1673815533000[He's] a human being [not an alien].
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Card ID: 1673815533004As for me, [I] like [it].
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Card ID: 1673815533006(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha suki desu
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Card ID: 1673815533008[Your] partner was at fault, wasn't he?
aite: "other party" or "the other", this can mean either opponent or partner / ally. This is a bit confusing, but usually clear from context, read more about this
here.
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Card ID: 1673815533010(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
aite ga warukatta desu ne
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Card ID: 1673815533012[You're] late!
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Card ID: 1673815533016[Your] sister is interesting, isn't she (sounds like she did something weird).
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Card ID: 1673815533018(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omoshiroi imoutosan desu ne
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Card ID: 1673815533020[I, the teacher] like [that] too...
The speaker refers to herself in 3rd person. Depending on the context however, this can also mean that someone else talks about something the teacher likes. Don't worry about those details, from context this is usually clear (updated in v14).
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Card ID: 1673815533022(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sensei mo suki desu yo
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Card ID: 1673815533024[Something said before] is a joke.
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Card ID: 1673815533028This is not a joke [I am serious]!
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Card ID: 1673815533030(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
joudan janai desu yo
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Card ID: 1673815533032[Something] is enjoyment / anticipation.
When you're looking forward to something, you can say "tanoshimi" or "tanoshimi desu".
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Card ID: 1673815533036Shopping was fast, wasn't it.
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Card ID: 1673815533038(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kaimono hayakatta desu ne
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Card ID: 1673815533040[This] is not the real me. This refers e.g. to the picture someone might have in mind about the speaker or to something the speaker did.
hontou: truth; reality; actuality; fact
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Card ID: 1673815533042(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hontou no watashi janai desu
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Card ID: 1673815533044
da vs. desu
As already mentioned, "desu" is the teineigo conjugation of "da", but the use cases are a bit different. If you're interested why, have a look at these resources, the definitions are a bit technical, though:
This is just for the sake of completeness and definitely interesting to read, but as always, my recommendation is to just keep going for a while and trying to understand things by listening comprehension. Maybe bookmark these links and read them after you finished this course.
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Card ID: 1673815533046kaze: (common) cold; influenza
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Card ID: 1673815533050It's the sea, isn't it.
This can be the answer to several questions: What is his favorite vacation destination? What is on this unclear picture? etc.
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Card ID: 1673815533054The speaker is asking: [Are you] junior high school student? (continues on next card)
chuugakusei: junior high school student
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Card ID: 1673815533058[Are you] junior high school student (previous card)? Why [is] a kid here?
nande: why?; what for?
kodomo: kid, child
We already learned a word for "why": naze, which is slightly more formal than "nande".
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Card ID: 1673815533060(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nande kodomo ga iru no
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Card ID: 1673815533062[I] am not a kid!
kodomo: kid, child
The older one is using plain, the younger one polite speech.
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Card ID: 1673815533066[This] is my house!
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Card ID: 1673815533070[Something] was pretty; lovely; beautiful, wasn't it?
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Card ID: 1673815533074Thinking matter wasn't even there -> [I] didn't even think about [this].
Note that "mo" does not mean "too" here, but "even". Especially in negative sentences, "mo" is often used like this, more examples follow later.
nakatta: negative past of aru
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Card ID: 1673815533076(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kangaeta koto mo nakatta desu
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Card ID: 1673815533078As for me, [I]'ve been happy the whole time [since I learned about this].
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Card ID: 1673815533080(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha zutto shiawase desu
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Card ID: 1673815533082[I] return to Hiroshima.
hiroshima: city in Japan
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Card ID: 1673815533084(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hiroshima he kaerimasu
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Card ID: 1673815533086Isn't [this idea] good -> isn't this a good idea?
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Card ID: 1673815533090Excuse me, are [you] ok?
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Card ID: 1673815533092(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sumimasen daijoubu desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815533094Isn't [someone supposed to be] here?!
[Should] not [someone] be here?!
It's always amazing how much information is packed into context in Japanese: The entire "supposed to be" or "should be" is completely transmitted by the intonation.
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Card ID: 1673815533096(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koko ni iru janai desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815533098[He's] a guy I know well myself
Or less literal: I know this guy well myself.
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Card ID: 1673815533100(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi mo yoku shiru otoko desu
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Card ID: 1673815533102
Reality check: Politeness for na-adjectives and nouns
Tae Kim splits up teineigo into two rules: "-masu for verbs" and "desu for the rest". Similar to the i-adjective case, the "desu for everything else"-part is a bit diffuse for na-adjectives and nouns and some textbooks introduce this differently. The grammatically correct way of creating the negative state-of-being for na-adjectives and nouns is:
- negative plain / present tense: shizuka de ha arimasen or shizuka ja arimasen (instead of shizuka janai desu)
- negative past tense: shizuka de ha arimasen deshita or shizuka ja arimasen deshita (instead of shizuka janakatta desu)
Both sound rather formal, also refer to the reality check in Tae Kim's
book. I'll add some examples on the following cards.
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Card ID: 1673815533104[Someone] is not an idiot (expressed in a polite way :D).
"de ha arimasen" is the grammatically correct way to express polite negative state of being. In practice, you'll encounter "janai desu" more often.
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Card ID: 1673815533108uso: lie
[Something said before] is not a lie.
"de ha arimasen" is the grammatically correct way to express polite negative state of being. In practice, you'll encounter "janai desu" more often.
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Card ID: 1673815533112[Something said before] is not a joke.
"ja arimasen" is slightly less formal than "de ha arimasen", refer to
this question for details.
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Card ID: 1673815533116[Someone or something done] was totally not ok.
"ja arimasen" is slightly less formal than "de ha arimasen", refer to
this question for details.
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Card ID: 1673815533118(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
zenzen daijoubu ja arimasen deshita yo
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Card ID: 1673815533120
WTF now I'm confused
Me too, I hope that puts you at ease. It took me a while to put this information together in a (hopefully) easily understandable way. Just in case you're worrying now: I wasn't aware of all fine details myself anymore, it's not too important in practice and at least for listening comprehension, the takeaway message is really simple: As a rule of thumb, having one of the following forms in a sentence makes it more polite:
- -masu
- -masen
- -mashita
- desu
- deshita
I
strongly recommend to just continue with this information in the back of your mind. Maybe read some of the resources linked on the cards. After you finished this course and continued learning for a while this will make a lot of sense. The interesting part is, that this understanding somehow comes automatically, even though you don't understand every detail and nuance in the first place.
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Card ID: 1673815533122tadaima: Here I am; I'm home! (Phrase people say when returning home)
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Card ID: 1673815533126okaeri: welcome home (informal)
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Card ID: 1673815533134ojamashimasu: Excuse me for disturbing (interrupting) you; greeting used when entering someone's home
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Card ID: 1673815533138[I] go to the sea.
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Card ID: 1673815533142Isn't [this] just ordinary meat? -> The conversation revolves around a piece of meat that is considered special, but looks ordinary to the speaker, so he asks this question.
The ending "janee" here is a slurred, casual form of "janai". It's not the empathic sentence ending particle "ne/ね".
tada: ordinary; common; usual
Internal remark: gintama s5 e15 15:00 - and yes, it's ordinary meat
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Card ID: 1673815533146keitai: Abbreviation for mobile telephone; cellular telephone
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Card ID: 1673815533150...and this is my wish.
negai: desire; wish; hope
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Card ID: 1673815533152(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
soshite watashi no negai da
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Card ID: 1673815533154[I] wasn't able to notice [this].
kidsuku: to notice
dekinakatta: past negative of dekiru (to be able to do)
I added only few examples for the plain negative past tense so far, I'll add a few more in the following. Quick reminder: Build the negative form (dekinai) and replace the "i" with "katta".
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Card ID: 1673815533156(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kidzuku koto ga dekinakatta n da
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Card ID: 1673815533162[Do you like to] drink alcohol/wine? If the conversation already revolves around drinking some alcoholic beverage, this is a perfectly valid way of asking, if someone likes to drink it (i.e. without all the "do you like").
Remark: In western languages, "sake" refers to Japanese rice wine. In Japanese, sake is a broader category that refers to any type of alcoholic beverage, no matter where it comes from. The Japanese rice wine is called nihonshuu/日本酒 in Japanese.
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Card ID: 1673815533166...but [person known from context] didn't drink alcohol.
demo: but; however; though;
nomanakatta: past negative of nomu (to drink)
The context is usually important. Depending on the conversation, this sentence can express:
[We went out] but [I] didn't drink sake. Or: [He wanted to have a drink at the bar] but [he] didn't drink sake [in the end].
I sometimes put a specific context into the square brackets or a more general one as in this case. I hope you're not confused by this!
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Card ID: 1673815533168(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo osake nomanakatta
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Card ID: 1673815533170Didn't [you] see taiga?
minakatta: negative past of miru (to see)
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Card ID: 1673815533174[You] didn't notice?
remember: no in the end of a sentence adds an explanatory tone. Together with the question marker "ka" this indicates that the speaker is looking for an explanation.
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Card ID: 1673815533176(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kidzukanakatta no ka
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Card ID: 1673815533178... but as for me, [i] believe [it / think this way]. The "no" adds an explanatory tone. A less literal translation would be: [that's] what I think / believe.
omou: to think; to consider; to believe
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Card ID: 1673815533180(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo watashi ha omou no
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Card ID: 1673815533182As for me, [I] don't believe [something clear from context].
omowanai: negative of omou (to think; to consider; to believe)
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Card ID: 1673815533186omowanakatta: negative past of omou (to think; to consider; to believe)
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Card ID: 1673815533196(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tanoshikatta desu ne
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Card ID: 1673815533198Was school fun today?
Note the two "ha" in this sentence, the topic is both today and the school. This is rather rare though.
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Card ID: 1673815533200(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou ha gakkou ha tanoshikatta desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815533202
Polite versions of nouns
I already mentioned that more polite forms exist for some nouns. Teaching all of these is beyond the scope of this course, but I think it's useful to know this. I will show some on the next cards.
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Card ID: 1673815533204otousan: father (polite)
otousan is the polite word for father. In this example, the speaker uses it to address her own father. She's also using the more polite version of "good morning".
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Card ID: 1673815533206(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ohayou gozaimasu otousan
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Card ID: 1673815533208chichi: father
chichi is a less formal word for "father". It's not rude, but usually used to refer to one's own father when talking to others. So this sentence means: As for [my] father [he] didn't know.
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Card ID: 1673815533210(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
chichi ha shiranakatta
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Card ID: 1673815533212Father, where [do you] go?
otousan: father
otousan is the polite word for father. In this example, the speaker uses it to address her own father. Note, that she further says "doko iku no" (colloquial) and not "doko ni ikimasu no ka". So don't worry about when to use which forms together, just listen to many more examples.
As far as I know, most families in Japan speak plain Japanese at home, but "otousan" is used to address ones own father directly or someone else's father. When talking about one's own father to others, "chichi" is used instead, but I think "otousan" can be used as well.
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Card ID: 1673815533218(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
de otousan ha nani shiteru no
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Card ID: 1673815533220This can be the answer to the question: Who did it? [It was] my father.
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Card ID: 1673815533222(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi no chichi desu
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Card ID: 1673815533224[I'm] ok, mother!
okaasan: mother (polite)
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Card ID: 1673815533226(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daijoubu desu okaasan
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Card ID: 1673815533228Mother is not there either.
You often find "mo" in negative sentences, I'll cover that in more detail later.
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Card ID: 1673815533232[This] is my mother.
haha: mother
okaasan and haha follow the same rules as otousan and chichi: Use the polite version when referring to someone else's father or talking to your own father. Use the casual version, when talking to someone about your own father. It's not too strict in practice though...
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Card ID: 1673815533234(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi no haha desu
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Card ID: 1673815533236[This] is [my] family.
kazoku: family
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Card ID: 1673815533242(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
osake wo kau koto mo dekimasen shi
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Card ID: 1673815533244Excuse me, [is] order ok? -> Can I order something?
chuumon: order (in a restaurant)
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Card ID: 1673815533246(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sumimasen chuumon ii desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815533250(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
gochuumon nan ni shimasu ka
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Card ID: 1673815533252
The verb stem
In his book, Tae Kim first introduces the verb stem and then uses it to construct the teineigo conjugations. This is technically correct, but I still found it easier to do it vice versa, because the teineigo forms are so common: First, listen to and get used to some teineigo forms. Removing the "-masu" part then yields the stem. Read Tae Kim's more detailed explanation on p. 76 or
here. I will explain the use of the stem on the following cards. In short, the verb stem can be treated like a noun, but in a very limited and special way.
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Card ID: 1673815533254Where do [you] go to eat?
tabe: stem of taberu (to eat)
Remember: The stem is retrieved by removing the "-masu" or teineigo ending. For a technically more correct way, refer to Tae Kim p. 76 or
this website.
Verb stems (= special nouns) are mostly used together with "ni" or "he" + motion verb. I.e. the verb stem is the target of the motion verb. This can be translated as "to go (in order) to".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/polite#The_stem_of_verbs
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Card ID: 1673815533258Today, where [do we] go to see [something, maybe a movie]?
Caution, this is a casual sentence, some particles are missing here.
Verb stems (= special nouns) are mostly used together with "ni" or "he" + motion verb. I.e. the verb stem is the target of the motion verb. This can be translated as "to go (in order) to".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/polite#The_stem_of_verbs
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Card ID: 1673815533270shi: stem of suru (to do)
This sentence is super interesting, because it's very hard to translate to English directly: "shi ni iku" means: "to go to do" or "to go in order to do". The speaker combines it with "nani/what" to ask something like: "what are you going to do"?
A more literal translation would be: [you] go in order to do what?
There's a show on Japanese TV called "you ha nani shi ni nihon he", which roughly translates to "why did you come to Japan?" It uses the same construction: As for you (you ha), came in order to do what?
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/polite#The_stem_of_verbs
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Card ID: 1673815533280(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kondo hanashi ni iku
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Card ID: 1673815533290As for today, [I] wonder where [I] should go out on a trip / go out to visit?
doko: where; what place
"ka na" can be translated as "I wonder".
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Card ID: 1673815533292(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou ha doko ni asobi ni iku ka na
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Card ID: 1673815533294[You] came [here] to do what? In English, you'd rather just say: Why did you come here?
shi: stem of suru
shi ni kuru: to come in order to do.
Remark: "nani wo shi ni kita" is past tense. It's used when person A already arrived and B wants to know what A came to do for. "nani wo shi ni kuru" is present tense. Since Japanese has no dedicated future, this is also used when A wants to come tomorrow, then B asks: Oh, you come tomorrow for doing what...?
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Card ID: 1673815533298I today came to apologize.
ayamari: stem of ayamaru (to apologize)
Note that the "ne/ね" after watashi makes the sentence sound more feminine. Refer to this
article for more details. I'll probably add more elaborate information on gender specific language later.
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Card ID: 1673815533300(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ne kyou ayamari ni kita no
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Card ID: 1673815533302Don't [you] become friend with me?
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Card ID: 1673815533304(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi to tomodachi ni naranai ka
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Card ID: 1673815533306Where is [he] now?
ima: now; the present time
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Card ID: 1673815533310Again, [the] same dream.
onaji: same; identical; equal
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Card ID: 1673815533314I too do [my] best.
ganbaru: to do one's best; to persist; to keep at it; to hang on
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Card ID: 1673815533318As usual, a little bit of context is missing here, e.g. [I succeeded] because I could manage to do my best / keep at it.
ganbaru: to do one's best; to persist; to keep at it; to hang on
Note that Tae Kim covers "kara" later. It usually connects two sentences in the following fashion: Reason kara result, meaning: because of reason, result happened. If the result is clear from context, it is often omitted, just as in this example. I'll pick this up in more detail later.
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Card ID: 1673815533320(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ganbaru koto ga dekita kara
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Card ID: 1673815533322There is no problem [with something clear from context].
mondai: problem (e.g. societal, political); question; issue
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Card ID: 1673815533326
Sloppy learning is fast learning
I used to be a thorough learner who wanted to understand and do everything right in the first place. This slowed me down like nothing else. One of my most important insights is this: Whenever you grasp the meaning of a sentence or of what's being said even though there are some words or grammar parts you don't understand you already succeeded and should celebrate this. It's not important to understand every detail and it's not important to get everything right in the first place. If you go through your material in a sloppy way and even entirely skip parts that are too complicated or boring, you will be a
lot faster. It's a little bit similar to Jeff Brown's recommendation of "just to browse grammar" in the video I linked on one of the first cards. I'll stress this over and over again and will give you some more hints on how to make things as easy as possible towards the end of this course.
Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815533328It's the hour/time of work -> It's time for work.
shigoto: work; job; business
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Card ID: 1673815533332I also have a name (maybe someone didn't call the speaker by his name).
namae: name
Remark: The key grammar point here is: x ni y ga aru. Or, as Tae Kim explained it: "ni" sets the preceding word as target of something (namae ga aru in this case). In casual Japanese, you could omit the "ni". I wasn't sure of this, but a native speaker confirmed this.
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Card ID: 1673815533334(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ni mo namae ga aru
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Card ID: 1673815533338(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kondo ha watashi ga tasukeru
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Card ID: 1673815533340hazukashii: embarrassing; embarrassed
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Card ID: 1673815533342(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ha hazukashii yo
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Card ID: 1673815533344[Something] is totally not an embarassing thing.
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Card ID: 1673815533346(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
zenzen hazukashii koto janai desu yo
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Card ID: 1673815533348[Do you] have money? Literally: As for money, is it there?
okane: money
Here's the teneigo prefix again: "o". In this case I think it became more common to say "okane" instead of just "kane".
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Card ID: 1673815533352[I] used up [my / the] money. Note again that this is informal speech, there's a particle missing (e.g. a "ga" after okane).
nakunaru: to be used up; to be missing
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Card ID: 1673815533356[This] is an annoying conversation.
meiwaku: trouble; bother; annoyance
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Card ID: 1673815533358(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
meiwaku na hanashi da
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Card ID: 1673815533360[I] come daily to watch (in an explanatory tone).
mainichi: daily
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Card ID: 1673815533362(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mainichi mi ni kuru n da
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Card ID: 1673815533364As for [your] house [is it] close?
chikai: near; close; short (distance & in time)
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Card ID: 1673815533368that [it] my dream [hitting my resignment right in the face of my boss].
sore: that; it (indicates closeness to the listener and may refer to almost everything: Object, person or something on the listener's mind)
Note the similarity to socchi/sochira, which referred to a direction.
Remark: the "ga" sounds very much like "ha" here, don't worry about it. If you want to check the context: Aggretsuko, S1, E2, 13:30
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Card ID: 1673815533370(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore ga watashi no yume
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Card ID: 1673815533372As for that [on your mind], same here -> I agree with you and think the same about it.
sore: that; it (indicates closeness to the listener and may refer to almost everything: Object, person or something on the listener's mind)
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Card ID: 1673815533374(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore ha watashi mo onaji desu
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Card ID: 1673815533376As for that [close to listener], what? -> What is that?
sore: that; it (indicates closeness to the listener and may refer to almost everything: Object, person or something on the listener's mind)
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Card ID: 1673815533380As for me, [I] lost it. What was lost can be an item the listener still has or for example faith (they seem to be in space, after all).
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Card ID: 1673815533382(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha sore wo ushinatta
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Card ID: 1673815533384Note the similarity to kocchi/kochira, which referred to a direction.
kore: this; it (indicates closeness to the speaker and may refer to almost everything: Object, person or something on the speaker's mind)
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Card ID: 1673815533388As for this, [it is] my problem / task to solve.
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Card ID: 1673815533390(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kore ha ore no mondai
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Card ID: 1673815533392As for this, [it is] my thing/object/item.
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Card ID: 1673815533394(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kore ha ore no mono da
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Card ID: 1673815533396In this sentence, the two might be talking about strange behavior of someone else: "What's that supposed to mean?"
are: that; that thing (indicates distance to both speaker and listener and may refer to almost everything: Object, person or something on someone's mind)
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Card ID: 1673815533400That over there, [your] younger sister? -> Is that your sister over there?
Remark: Here, the guy is really talking about someone else's sister. Most resources teach that you'd rather use "imoutosan" here, but this is a casual conversation among friends and anime, after all.
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Card ID: 1673815533404As for that over there, a dog?!
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Card ID: 1673815533408[Something] is the teacher's help / influence. -> This means that e.g. something worked out well thanks to the teacher's help.
okage: assistance; help / effect, influence
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Card ID: 1673815533410(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sensei no okage desu
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Card ID: 1673815533412Food is ready.
gohan: cooked rice, meal -> cooked rice is so important in Japanese, that the word for it is used for describing an entire meal
dekiru: besides to do / to be able to / to be ready
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Card ID: 1673815533414(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
saa gohan dekimashita yo
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Card ID: 1673815533416omimai: calling on / visiting someone who is ill
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Card ID: 1673815533420Everybody came over here (towards the speaker).
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Card ID: 1673815533422(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
minasan kocchi ni kimashita yo
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Card ID: 1673815533424Why did [you] come here?
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Card ID: 1673815533426(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nande koko ni kita no
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Card ID: 1673815533428
Referring to yourself
So far, you already learned several words for referring to yourself. I won't cover them again in detail, have a look at
Tae Kim's section on this. Just keep in mind two things:
- "I" is usually omitted when it is clear who's being talked about.
- "ore" sounds rough and very casual (you'll hear this a lot in anime).
Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815533430
Referring to others
Maybe you already noticed that there was no word for "you" or "he/she/it" on the last ~500 cards. Such words do exist in Japanese, but they are used differently, we'll have a look at this in the following. Tae Kim gives a very nice summary on the general rules of referring to others, ordered by politeness:
- Using the person’s title or last name with the appropriate suffix
- Not using anything at all
- Using some form of "you"
He also
writes: "By the time you get to three, you’re dangerously in the area of being rude". Have a look at the following cards!
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Card ID: 1673815533432Are [you] ok, satou-sensei?
sensei (teacher) is an example for referring to someone by their title or position. It can be used to "just" refer to a teacher - just as in English. In Japanese however, you can use it to directly address your teacher in a polite way. It acknowledges the teacher's (higher) position.
In this example, the speaker directly addresses his teacher with the name (satou), sensei is used as suffix.
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Card ID: 1673815533434(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daijoubu desu ka satou sensei
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Card ID: 1673815533436The teacher helps / supports [us].
ouen: aid; assistance; help. Also: to cheer someone up.
Here's the true context (which is a bit harder to understand than the above translation):
[Please don't join the demons. Let's start over again together] I will help you [the speaker is the teacher and she is referring to herself in 3rd person. This is covered in more detail throughout the deck, don't worry if you don't get it right away]. As usual in Japanese, it depends on the context ;).
References:
Arifureta, S1, E10 around 17:00
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Card ID: 1673815533438(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sensei ha ouen shimasu
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Card ID: 1673815533440ano: say; well (filler word)
This sentence is again ambiguous without context. Just as in the last example, the speaker could be directly addressing her teacher with the name (takahashi) + suffix, meaning: As for you, takahashi-sensei... what are you doing tonight? However, she can also use this to talk about takahashi sensei with someone else in a polite way.
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Card ID: 1673815533442(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ano takahashi sensei ha
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Card ID: 1673815533444It's been a while, teacher!
hisashiburi: a long time (since the last time. Mostly used as phrase when meeting someone not seen for a while, e.g. "long time no see").
Here, the teacher ist directly addressed without using the name.
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Card ID: 1673815533446(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hisashiburi da na sensei
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Card ID: 1673815533448Takahashi-sensei was a good person, wasn't he?
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Card ID: 1673815533450(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
takahashi sensei ii hito datta na
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Card ID: 1673815533452Because
I am the head of the club,
I write [it] down. (They are talking about the sheet of paper on the image. It's a "bukatsu shinsei youshi" - application form for extracurricular activities, and the head of the club wants to fill it out herself for some reason.
buchou: head of a (school) club; it also means "head (chief, director) of a section or department", but in school anime, you'll hear this sometimes.
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Card ID: 1673815533454(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ga buchou da kara watashi ga kaku
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Card ID: 1673815533456"shitsurei shimasu" in this sentence is a polite way to say goodbye to his boss (buchou), in this case probably because the speaker leaves work earlier than the others. It can also mean "excuse me".
shitsurei: discourtesy; impoliteness
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Card ID: 1673815533458(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hai hasshitsurei shimasu buchou
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Card ID: 1673815533464-san can also be added to other words than just names. In this case to "minna" to address everyone in a polite way.
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Card ID: 1673815533470(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daijoubu otousan kowakunai zo
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Card ID: 1673815533472As for the princess, [she] died.
hime: princess
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Card ID: 1673815533476Are [you] ok, princess?
-sama: a politer version of "-san", more on this (honorific) language later. I wanted to add this here, because you'll hear versions of this every once in a while in anime.
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Card ID: 1673815533478(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daijoubu desu ka himesama
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Card ID: 1673815533480A pretty princess.
ohimesama: an even more respectful / honorific way to address the princess. All three versions (hime, himesama, ohimesama) are also found in the
dictionary. Interestingly, this version also ironically refers to a spoiled girl ;).
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Card ID: 1673815533484tsukareru: to get tired; to tire; to get fatigued; to become exhausted
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Card ID: 1673815533488Break! I got tired.
kyuukei: break, rest
These two seem to be tired from playing table tennis. Do you remember the verb stem? Just omit the "-masu/-mashita" part and you'll get a noun to be used for some specific cases. Do it for tsukareru/tsukaremashita now and then have a look at the next cards.
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Card ID: 1673815533490(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyuukei tsukaremashita ne tsukareta
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Card ID: 1673815533500-kun: Usually used for addressing males of equal or lower status. You'll hear this a lot in school anime. Wikipedia however states, that it "is generally used by people of senior status addressing or referring to those of junior status".
The panda in this example sentence is always hanging out at the polar bear's cafe and the person speaking belongs to the staff.
I'd highly recommend this anime (Shirokuma cafe) for Japanese learners by the way, it's easier to understand than others.
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Card ID: 1673815533504-chan: cute suffix for a familiar person, sounds a bit girlish
"kaori" is the first name of the girl with the red hair. In this series, the small girl usually addresses her in a familiar and cute way. I also found this anime quite easy to understand by the way.
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Card ID: 1673815533506(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kaori chan konnichiha
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Card ID: 1673815533512[Something good] is [thanks to] your assistance, help.
anata: you
So finally, after 500+ cards, a word for "you". It is important to realize that this is used in a very different way than the English "you" and can easily sound rude. By now you should be aware of the fact that pronouns are usually omitted in Japanese. The entire thing with pronouns being rude is explained in more detail
here. Note that it's not automatically rude to use "anata", but explaining this is beyond the scope of this course. As always: Listen to many examples!
References:
Interesting to read is this
thread on quora.
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Card ID: 1673815533516[I] need to talk to you!
kimi: another word for "you", mostly used by men toward people of lower status. You'll hear this a lot in anime. I think it's rarely used in real life.
References:
Interesting to read is this
thread on quora.
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Card ID: 1673815533518(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kimi ni hanashi ga aru
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Card ID: 1673815533520[I] am your ally / partner.
Explanation by a Japanese person from the discussion on quora: "Usually bosses can call lower rank person "kimi" or family name with "-kun" to male employees" - just as in this example...
References:
Interesting to read is this
thread on quora.
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Card ID: 1673815533522(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kimi no aite ha boku da
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Card ID: 1673815533524As for you, why didn't [you] come?
omae: very casual, rough way to say "you".
naze: why
You'll hear this in anime a lot, it's not automatically rude, but more casual than "anata". You'd better avoid using this in a conversation unless you're really sure what you're saying.
References:
Another resource on how to say "you"
is this blog post
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Card ID: 1673815533526(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omae ha naze konakatta
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Card ID: 1673815533528[Everything is] your fault!
temee: derogatory "you".
Again, you'll sometimes hear this in anime, but never use it in a conversation - it's unfriendly by definition and rather used to cause trouble or insult someone.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533532What are you doing, you bastard!
kisama: you; you bastard; you son of a bitch
Another very unfriendly "you", you'll sometimes hear this in anime.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533536"Sunohara, call from [your] younger sister".
imouto: younger sister (+ san here)
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Card ID: 1673815533538(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sunohara imoutosan kara denwa yo
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Card ID: 1673815533540...but as for me, [I] wasn't [a] good older sister.
ane: older sister
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Card ID: 1673815533542(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo watashi ha ii ane janakatta
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Card ID: 1673815533544oneesan: more polite way to refer to one's older sister. It also means "young lady" or "miss", which might sound confusing sometimes.
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Card ID: 1673815533546(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou ha arigatou oneesan
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Card ID: 1673815533548[Who is this person over there?] It's my older brother.
ani: older brother
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533552[Who is this over there?] It's my older brother.
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Card ID: 1673815533554(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi no ani desu yo
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Card ID: 1673815533556oniisan: more polite way for one's older brother
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533560My younger brother is a human [the younger brother lost his body, and his soul is bound to a piece of armor, so he does not seem "human"].
otouto: younger brother
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Card ID: 1673815533562(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore no otouto ha ningen da
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Card ID: 1673815533564otoutosan: younger brother (polite)
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Card ID: 1673815533566(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hani- senpai no otoutosan da yo
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Card ID: 1673815533568He's great, I tell you!
kare: he
It's also possible to refer to others in third person, but as you might have guessed already: It's rather uncommon. Just as the other pronouns (I, you), "he" and "she" are almost never used like they are used in English. Most of the time, they are omitted. Only if it is not clear who's being talked about, they are sometimes used.
So if you omit "kare ha" in this sentence for example, the remaining "sugoi na" just means that something is great. However, the speaker might refer to the person standing behind him, doesn't know his name and thus adds "kare ha".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/people#Referring_to_others_in_third_person
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Card ID: 1673815533578(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kanojo ha inai desu ne
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Card ID: 1673815533582(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kanojo ha kawashima ami
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Card ID: 1673815533588But as for meeting [him],
today is last time.
au: to meet; to encounter; to see
saigo: end, conclusion (from previous card) and also last; final (this card).
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Card ID: 1673815533590(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo au no ha kyou ga saigo da
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Card ID: 1673815533592And as for me, [I] met her son.
musuko: son
atta: past tense of au (to meet; to encounter; to see). Remark: "atta" is also the past of "aru". In written Japanese they are easily distinguished by the kanji, but in spoken Japanese it's the context that will help you.
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Card ID: 1673815533594(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
soshite boku ha kanojo no musuko ni atta
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Card ID: 1673815533596[Someone] is the work comrade of [someone's] son.
Even though you don't know the context here, the use of "san" tells you that the speaker is most likely referring to someone else's son. Interesting is also the use of "shigoto nakama". In Japanese, you can chain nouns together without particle, if they form one logical entity. The same thing is possible e.g. in German, but in Japanese it is not used that often. The explanation for this is well hidden in Tae Kim's book: P. 59 or
this section.
Keep in mind, that Japanese has no whitespaces, so "shigoto nakama" is actually one word.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533598(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
musukosan no shigoto nakama desu
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Card ID: 1673815533600[Please] take care of [my] daughter. Or more literally: "I commend my daughter to you". This is the real context here (FMA brotherhood, episode 30, 3:20).
Depending on the context, this can also mean: Ask [my / someone's] daughter (in order to do something, not to answer a question. Asking a question requires a different word introduced after about 200 cards).
If this is too weird, only try to remember "musume"!
musume: daughter
tanomu: to entrust to (in addition to to request; to beg; to ask)
References:
https://jisho.org/search/tanomu
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Card ID: 1673815533604[I] well understood that meaning or less literal: I understood the significance [of something] well.
sono: that; the (distant from the speaker, close to the listener, follows the same pattern as sore/socchi/sochira)
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533606(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sono imi ga yoku wakarimashita
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Card ID: 1673815533608risu: squirrel
sono: that; the (distant from the speaker, close to the listener, follows the same pattern as sore/socchi/sochira)
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533612[This is] the name of that guy.
sono: that; the (distant from the speaker, close to the listener, follows the same pattern as sore/socchi/sochira)
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533614(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sono otoko no namae yo
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Card ID: 1673815533616I came to talk about that (topic the listener would like to talk about) or more literal: [I] came to do that conversation.
sono: that; the (distant from the speaker, close to the listener, follows the same pattern as sore/socchi/sochira)
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533618(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sono hanashi wo shi ni kita
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Card ID: 1673815533620As for this school [do you] like it? The listener probably transferred from a different school to the speaker's and the speaker wants to know if the listener likes it.
kono: this (close to the speaker, distant to the listener, follows the same pattern as kore/kocchi/kochira)
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Card ID: 1673815533622(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kono gakkou ha suki desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815533624What's up with this cat?
kono: this (close to the speaker, distant to the listener, follows the same pattern as kore/kocchi/kochira)
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533628Another nice example for a clause: The teacher is asking for people, who understand this problem (i.e. "kono mondai (wo) wakaru" is a clause describing "hito"). They should probably come to the board and write down the answer.
kono: this (close to the speaker, distant to the listener, follows the same pattern as kore/kocchi/kochira)
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533630(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kono mondai wakaru hito
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Card ID: 1673815533632[A: Where does he live? B: ] It's that apartment building [over there].
While a "mansion" is a large, luxurious house in English, "manshon" means apartment building in Japanese.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533636As for this hour/time of the day, [I] like it very much.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533638(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kono jikan ga totemo suki
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Card ID: 1673815533640As for that thing/matter, don't forget.
ano: that (distant to both speaker and listener, follows the same pattern as are/acchi/achira)
We already had "ano" as filler, meaning "say; well; um; er" at the beginning of a sentence.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533642(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ano koto ha wasurenai
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Card ID: 1673815533644As for that guy over there, [he] is not human.
ano: that (distant to both speaker and listener, follows the same pattern as are/acchi/achira)
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533646(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ano otoko ha ningen janai
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Card ID: 1673815533648As for that dream [I had a while ago], is it that [what you just explained]?
That's an interesting sentence using both ano and sore, if it doesn't make sense without context, just skip it.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533652I won that battle/competition (in an explanatory tone). E.g. why are you so happy? Because I won that competition.
kachimashita: polite past tense of katsu - to win.
shoubu: battle / competition
watakushi: slightly more formal and feminine version of "watashi"
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533654(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watakushi ano shoubu ni kachimashita no
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Card ID: 1673815533656It's a colloquial phase you'll hear quite often. -kun fits here too as it's used to address males of rather lower status. I just added this because of the "ano"-context here ;).
ano ne; look here; I say; well (familiar language)
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533660I go now.
mou: now; soon; shortly
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533662(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi mou ikimasu ne
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Card ID: 1673815533664The speaker doesn't want the kids to follow him and gives the reason: "[Don't follow me] because as for me, [I] now/soon return home".
mou: now; soon; shortly
Note that Tae Kim covers "kara" later. It usually connects two sentences in the following fashion: Reason kara result, meaning: because of reason, result happened. If the result is clear from context, it is often omitted, just as in this example. I'll pick this up in more detail later.
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Card ID: 1673815533666(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ha mou ie ni kaeru n da kara
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Card ID: 1673815533668As for this [I] already saw it.
mou also means: already; yet
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533670(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kore ha mou mimashita
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Card ID: 1673815533672[I] always dream the same dream.
itsumo: always; usually; every time
The "ru" is cut off unfortunately, This happens sometimes due to inaccurate timings of the subtitles use for creating the deck.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533674(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
itsumo onaji yume wo miru
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Card ID: 1673815533676The speaker works at the polarbear's cafe and asks the panda (regular guest): "The same as always"?
itsumo: always; usually; every time
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Card ID: 1673815533680As for you (rough) [you are] never strong. Literally, this reads: always not strong, but in English you'd say "never strong".
itsumo: never (with negative verb)
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Card ID: 1673815533682(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omae ha itsumo tsuyokunai
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Card ID: 1673815533684[I] go to Tokyo university.
daigaku: university; college
References:
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Card ID: 1673815533686(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
toukyou no daigaku ni iku
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Card ID: 1673815533688[These people] are my college friends.
daigaku: university; college
Note the chain of two "no" here, it's quite common to do this.
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Card ID: 1673815533690(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku no daigaku no tomodachi desu
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Card ID: 1673815533692[Someone] is a special friend.
tokubetsu: special; particular; extraordinary
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Card ID: 1673815533694(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tokubetsu na tomodachi
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Card ID: 1673815533696[This is] a special library.
tokubetsu: special; particular; extraordinary
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Card ID: 1673815533698(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tokubetsu na toshokan
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Card ID: 1673815533702(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore ha boku ni ha dekinai tokubetsu na koto da
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Card ID: 1673815533704Question is there -> I have a question.
shitsumon: question
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Card ID: 1673815533706(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shitsumon ga arimasu
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Card ID: 1673815533708utsukushii: beautiful; pretty; lovely
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Card ID: 1673815533710(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo kanojo ha utsukushii
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Card ID: 1673815533712jibun: myself; yourself; oneself
The dictionary definition of jibun might read weird, but I found it always easy to understand from context what it refers to. It always means "someone self", the someone can be anyone clear from context. So in this sentence: [something] is [someone's]
own fault.
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Card ID: 1673815533716tsumori: intention; plan
"tsumori" is a noun very often used together with a relative clause, just as in this sentence: As for "fight-with-you"-intention, not there. Or less literal: I don't have the intention to fight with you.
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Card ID: 1673815533718(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omae to tatakau tsumori ha nai
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Card ID: 1673815533720Person A: [Do you] understand?
Person B: Yes, [I] assume/think [I] understand.
So obviously, B doesn't yet understand it.
tsumori: intention; plan; but also: belief, assumtion, thus "I assume/think".
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Card ID: 1673815533722(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
wakaru ka hai wakaru tsumori desu
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Card ID: 1673815533726(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kondo ha nani suru tsumori desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815533728The speaker wants to know what the others are up to and asks literally: "what-do intention is it" in a tone looking for explanation.
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Card ID: 1673815533730(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani wo suru tsumori desu no
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Card ID: 1673815533732[Something] is impossible for me.
muri: impossible; unreasonable
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Card ID: 1673815533734(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ni ha muri ne
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Card ID: 1673815533736An impossible thing is, well... impossible (it seems like the guy wants to do something the girl considers hard or unreasonable).
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Card ID: 1673815533738(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
muri na mono ha muri yo
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Card ID: 1673815533740
Congratulations, you finished 30% of Tae Kim's book
In addition to the grammar, you learned
343 words, great!
The second version of this course ended here, in the meantime I added more cards. If you like the course, please rate it on
Ankiweb. If you don't like it, please send me some suggestions for improvement: joe@japanese-like-a-breeze.com. Thanks!
Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815533742...and as for me, [I] already stopped having that dream.
Reminder: In Japanese, dreaming is expressed as "seeing a dream".
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Card ID: 1673815533744(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
soshite boku ha mou ano yume wo miru koto mo nakunatta
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Card ID: 1673815533746Until when are [you] there?
itsu: when; at what time; how soon
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Card ID: 1673815533750Since when did [your glasses] disappear [the listener has lost his glasses and the speaker wants to know when he lost them]?
itsu: when; at what time; how soon
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Card ID: 1673815533754Since when [do you] go [somewhere]?
itsu: when; at what time; how soon
Somewhere can again be almost everything: Work, a language class, etc.
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Card ID: 1673815533758What [do you] like?
nani/nan/何: what (pronunciation depends a bit on the context)
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Card ID: 1673815533762What is it? (Maybe the guy was staring at the girl).
nani/nan/何: what
Note that the question word for "what" is spelled "何" in native Japanese. The pronunciation is ambiguous, sometimes it's "nani", sometimes it's "nan".
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Card ID: 1673815533766Whose fault is [it],
who [is] at fault
dare: who
Note that the adjective "warui" generally means "bad", but can also mean "at fault".
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Card ID: 1673815533768(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dare no sei da dare ga warui
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Card ID: 1673815533770Where do [you] intend to go?
doko: where
Again, a nice example for a verb clause: "doko ni iku" describes "tsumori", so literally: Where go-intention it is?
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Card ID: 1673815533772(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
doko ni iku tsumori da
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Card ID: 1673815533774Which [one] is good? (E.g. when choosing something at the supermarket).
dore: which
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Card ID: 1673815533778How big is [it] approximately?
kurai: approximately; about (note that this also means "dark, gloomy"). In some cases, it is spelled "gurai". You'll face this "softening" of characters often, I'll cover this in more detail on another card.
Maybe a monster or something.
Remark: "dore" means "which". But especially when used together with "gurai", it rather translates to "how" (long/far/big...), have a look at the reference.
References:
https://jisho.org/search/doregurai
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Card ID: 1673815533780(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dore kurai ookii n da
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Card ID: 1673815533782How much [is it / something]?
ikura: how much
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Card ID: 1673815533786How much [is it / something], a bit more polite.
ikura: how much
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Card ID: 1673815533790[I] buy [it]. How much is [it]?
Notice the politeness prefix "o" here.
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Card ID: 1673815533792(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kaimasu o ikura desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815533794As for this, how do [you] think?
dou: how; in what way; how about
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Card ID: 1673815533798How was [it]? Today [I mean].
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Card ID: 1673815533802How should [we] do [it]? What should we do?
The English equivalent is: What should we do? But in Japanese, this is expressed using "dou - how / in what way should we do [it]".
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Card ID: 1673815533806Welcome back! How was [it]?
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Card ID: 1673815533810As for you, how / in what way [do you] think?
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Card ID: 1673815533814doushite: why, for what reason?
This is slightly more polite than "nande".
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Card ID: 1673815533818Mother, why [did you say this]?
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Card ID: 1673815533822
Question words
We already had a few question words before, I just added the missing ones. Here's a summary:
- dare: who
- nani/nan: what
- itsu: when
- doko: where
- dore: which
- ikura: how much
- dou: how, in what way
- nande: why
- doushite: why
- naze: why (slightly more formal than "nande" and rather direct)
If you're interested in the three different words for "why", read on
here. However, as always: Listen to more examples and don't worry about how to use these words yourself for now!
Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815533824[Something] is a sad story. The speaker however sounds like he's not serious, also the music is not very sad ;).
kanashii: sad; miserable
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Card ID: 1673815533828[Something] is not a scary movie.
eiga: movie
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Card ID: 1673815533832Cause - what is it?
gen'in: cause; origin; source
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Card ID: 1673815533836Today is [your] birthday, isn't it?
tanjoubi: birthday
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Card ID: 1673815533838(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou tanjoubi da yo ne
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Card ID: 1673815533840A polite way to congratulate someone to his birthday.
omedetou: congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
This word is used e.g. for congratulating someone to their birthday, but also for wishing a happy new year and others.
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Card ID: 1673815533842(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sensei otanjoubi omedetou gozaimasu
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Card ID: 1673815533844A more casual way to congratulate someone.
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Card ID: 1673815533848
Question words + "ka"
The particle "ka" can be appended to some of the question words. This adds the meaning "some" in the following sense:
- dare: who -> dareka: someone
- nani: what -> nanika: something
- itsu: when -> itsuka: sometime
- doko: where -> dokoka: somewhere
- dore: which -> doreka: something in the sense: One out of many
Have a look at the following cards, an example for each one follows.
Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815533850Is someone there?
dareka: someone (it's dare + ka, but I spell it together, because it's also found like this in the
dictionary. Remember: Japanese has no whitespaces, so don't worry about this).
References:
Tae Kim on question words + "ka"Tae Kim p. 89
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Card ID: 1673815533854Isn't someone there?
dareka: someone (it's dare + ka, but I spell it together, because it's also found like this in the
dictionary. Remember: Japanese has no whitespaces, so don't worry about this).
References:
Tae Kim on question words + "ka"Tae Kim p. 89
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Card ID: 1673815533858Isn't someone there?
dareka: someone (it's dare + ka, but I spell it together, because it's also found like this in the
dictionary. Remember: Japanese has no whitespaces, so don't worry about this).
References:
Tae Kim on question words + "ka"Tae Kim p. 89
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Card ID: 1673815533862Oh, someone came!
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Card ID: 1673815533866Someone comes over here (towards the speaker)!
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Card ID: 1673815533868(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dareka kocchi ni kimasu a
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Card ID: 1673815533870Excuse me! Isn't someone here?!
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Card ID: 1673815533872(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sumimasen dareka imasen ka
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Card ID: 1673815533874Literally, this translates to: Was something there? It's the Japanese way to ask: Did something happen? Was there something that bothered you?
nanika: something (it's nani + ka, but I spell it together, because it's also found like this in the
dictionary. Remember: Japanese has no whitespaces, so don't worry about this).
References:
Tae Kim on question words + "ka"Tae Kim p. 89
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Card ID: 1673815533878Literally, this translates to: Was something there? It's the Japanese way to ask: Did something happen? Was there something that bothered you? The same as before, just a little more polite.
nanika: something (it's nani + ka, but I spell it together, because it's also found like this in the
dictionary. Remember: Japanese has no whitespaces, so don't worry about this).
References:
Tae Kim on question words + "ka"Tae Kim p. 89
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Card ID: 1673815533880(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nanika arimashita ka
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Card ID: 1673815533882Did [you] do something to me?
nanika: something (it's nani + ka, but I spell it together, because it's also found like this in the
dictionary. Remember: Japanese has no whitespaces, so don't worry about this).
References:
Tae Kim on question words + "ka"Tae Kim p. 89
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Card ID: 1673815533884(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ni nanika shita no ka
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Card ID: 1673815533886Did I do something [wrong]?
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Card ID: 1673815533888(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ga nanika shita ka
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Card ID: 1673815533890As for humans, [they] die someday.
itsuka: someday
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Card ID: 1673815533892(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hito ha itsuka shinu
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Card ID: 1673815533894Someday come to see.
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Card ID: 1673815533898...but someday [you] will know.
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Card ID: 1673815533900(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo itsuka shiru n da shi
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Card ID: 1673815533902[Why] don't [we] go somewhere on a trip / go to visit?
dokoka: somewhere
(Refresher: "asobi ni iku" means: to go on a trip / to go to visit someone, it's a set phrase).
References:
https://jisho.org/search/asobiniiku
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Card ID: 1673815533904(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dokoka ni asobi ni ikanai
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Card ID: 1673815533906That thing (on the listener's mind) is somewhere in this city.
Note the interesting way to express "somewhere in this city" using the "no"-particle (city no somewhere).
Remark: "sore" does not only mean that something is physically close to the listener, but the meaning is rather figurative. It's indicating an item or person near the listener, the action of the listener, or something on their mind.
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Card ID: 1673815533908(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore ga kono machi no dokoka ni aru
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Card ID: 1673815533910[He] should be somewhere! [He should] absolutely be there!
hazu: should (be) -> this will be covered in more detail later.
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Card ID: 1673815533912(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dokoka ni iru hazu da zettai ni iru
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Card ID: 1673815533914
Question words + "mo"
The particle "mo" can be appended to some of the question words. This adds the meaning of either "all" in a positive or "nothing" in a negative sentence. It's a little inconsistent, but as always, many examples follow. Here's the summary in advance:
- dare: who -> daremo: everybody / noone (in negative sentence)
- nani: what -> nanimo: nothing (in negative sentences, rarely used in positive ones)
- itsu: when -> itsumo: always / never (in negative sentence, but rarely used this way)
- doko: where -> dokomo: everywhere / nowhere (in negative sentence)
Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815533922(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ima ha daremo imasen
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Card ID: 1673815533924Everybody is doing [their] best.
As a rule of thumb, "daremo" is more often used in negative sentences, where it means "noone". It can, however, also be used in positive sentences like this one. Remember that we already had "minna" to express "everybody", which is used more often.
References:
Tae Kim on question words + particleTae Kim, p. 91
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Card ID: 1673815533932As for here, noone comes -> nobody comes to this place.
We already had "shi" on an earlier card, it marks an incomplete list of of reasons in this case and will be covered again later. For this sentence, the speaker maybe tries to convince someone that this is a good place: Noone comes and sees what we're doing here (among other reasons).
References:
Tae Kim on question words + particleTae Kim, p. 91
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Card ID: 1673815533934(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koko ha daremo konai shi
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Card ID: 1673815533938(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kimi ha warukunai daremo warukunai
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Card ID: 1673815533940Noone should be supposed to know.
hazu: should (be)
We have a clause (daremo shiru), which describes "hazu", "ga arimasen" then states that this is not there. For westerners this sounds weird, we're simply not used to express stuff this way. But you'll face many more sentences like this. If it's too difficult for now, just delete the card, it doesn't introduce anything new.
References:
Tae Kim on question words + particleTae Kim, p. 91
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Card ID: 1673815533942(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daremo shiru hazu ga arimasen
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Card ID: 1673815533944[I didn't go] even though [I] should have been there.
hazu: should (be)
noni: even though (this is introduced in more detail later)
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Card ID: 1673815533946(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
asoko ni ha ore ga iru hazu datta noni ｡
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Card ID: 1673815533948[They] can't win. [It] shouldn't be possible [for them] to win.
hazu: should (be)
Remark: "katenai" is the negative potential form and means "can't win". The negative is "katanai". The potential form is covered later, so please don't worry about this now. The point of this card is to remember "hazu". I didn't notice this when adding the card, this was corrected In v14.
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Card ID: 1673815533950(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
katenai kateru hazu ga nai
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Card ID: 1673815533952[You] shouldn't be able to do [this].
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Card ID: 1673815533956[This] shouldn't be sad/sorrowful.
darou: seems; I think; I guess; sometimes also used to seek agreement: right?; don't you agree?
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Card ID: 1673815533958(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kanashii hazu ha nai daro
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Card ID: 1673815533960It's a scary world where nobody lives [and we have to live in it now].
Literally: It's a "noone-there-scary-world..." [and we have to live in it now]. Again, if it's too weird or you don't get it, just delete this card.
References:
Tae Kim on question words + particleTae Kim, p. 91
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Card ID: 1673815533962(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daremo inai osoroshii sekai de
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Card ID: 1673815533964[Someone] can't do anything.
nanimo: nothing, (not) anything
In contrast to daremo, nanimo is exclusively used in negative sentences. It always means "nothing" or "(not) anything". Just in case you're wondering how to express "everything" in Japanese: We already had one example (subete), I'll add more on separate cards soon!
References:
Tae Kim on question words + particleTae Kim, p. 91
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Card ID: 1673815533968As for me, [I] don't know anything.
nanimo: nothing, (not) anything
In contrast to daremo, nanimo is exclusively used in negative sentences. It always means "nothing" or "(not) anything". Just in case you're wondering how to express "everything" in Japanese: We already had one example (subete), I'll add more on separate cards soon!
References:
Tae Kim on question words + particleTae Kim, p. 91
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Card ID: 1673815533970(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ha nanimo shiranai
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Card ID: 1673815533972As for me, [I] don't know anything about you (in an explanatory tone).
The "about you" is not explicitly stated here. There are words for this in Japanese, but expressing it like this is perfectly fine.
References:
Tae Kim on question words + particleTae Kim, p. 91
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Card ID: 1673815533974(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku ha kimi no koto nanimo shiranai n da na
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Card ID: 1673815533976Because I am an idiot, [I] didn't know anything [about] me.
Sounds a bit weird without context. The speaker is surprised about not having noticed something and is pondering about the reasons. Just delete this sentence if it's too difficult or doesn't make sense, it doesn't add anything new.
References:
Tae Kim on question words + particleTae Kim, p. 91
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Card ID: 1673815533978(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi baka da kara jibun no koto nanimo shiranakatta
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Card ID: 1673815533982(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo nanimo minakatta
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Card ID: 1673815533990(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
gomennasai nanimo nai
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Card ID: 1673815534000As for "over there", nothing there.
asoko: over there (distant from listener and speaker). This again follows the same "positional" pattern as achira, kochira, sochira.
References:
Tae Kim on question words + particleTae Kim, p. 91
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Card ID: 1673815534002(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo asoko ni ha nanimo nai wa yo
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Card ID: 1673815534004Everything is your fault! Remember: It's not very common and sometimes rude to address someone directly with "anata - you". But the speaker is pointing a gun at the people here, so he probably doesn't care anyways... ;).
zenbu: everything; all; entire; whole; altogether
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Card ID: 1673815534008Sorry, everything is
my fault!
Note that "zenbu" does not just simply mean "everything". It rather carries the meaning of "something in its completeness", have a look at the
dictionary. So while this sentence can be translated like above, a more accurate translation would be: Sorry, I am completely to blame. Don't worry about this, the meaning is pretty much the same and the meaning of "zenbu" is pretty much always clear from context!
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Card ID: 1673815534010(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
gomennasai watashi ga zenbu warui desu
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Card ID: 1673815534012Everything is your fault, isn't it?!
Remark: "omae no sei janai" means: It isn't your fault. When used as a question like in this sentence however, "janai (ka)" often translates to the English "isn't it".
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Card ID: 1673815534014(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
zenbu omae no sei janai ka
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Card ID: 1673815534016[I] already saw [it], everything.
Or: I've already seen everything.
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Card ID: 1673815534020This time isn't everything (in a sense: There's more to come).
It seems like the two are having a good time.
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Card ID: 1673815534022(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kono jikan ga subete janai
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Card ID: 1673815534024As for all problems, [they] come from the heart of humans.
Seems like humans are to blame for something here. If the sentence is too weird, delete it! It didn't add any new points.
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Card ID: 1673815534026(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
subete no mondai ha ningen no kokoro kara kuru n da yo
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Card ID: 1673815534028[We] lose everything (profits, achievements, whatever)?
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Card ID: 1673815534030(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
subete wo ushinau ka
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Card ID: 1673815534032You are injured nowhere -> literally: You, injury nowhere present.
dokomo: everywhere or nowhere (in negative sentence)
kega: injury, hurt
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Card ID: 1673815534034(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ee anata dokomo kega ha nai
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Card ID: 1673815534036As for the smell of the sea, it's the same everywhere, isn't it.
tte: casual topic marker
nioi: smell
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Card ID: 1673815534038(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
umi no nioi tte dokomo onaji ne
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Card ID: 1673815534040Isn't [it] the same thing as always?
We already had itsu + mo on a previous card: It almost always means "always" and pretty much never means "never". Some more words on how to say "never" follow soon.
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Card ID: 1673815534042(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
itsumo no koto janai desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815534044Always thank you.
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Card ID: 1673815534048As for here, [it] is the same library as always.
Note the interesting way for expressing "same xxx as always" using the "no"-particle.
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Card ID: 1673815534050(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koko itsumo no toshokan da
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Card ID: 1673815534052Guys are always sly/dishonest. Maybe someone cheated on her.
zurui: sly; cunning; sneaky; crafty; unfair; dishonest
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Card ID: 1673815534054(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
otoko no hito ha itsumo zurui
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Card ID: 1673815534056It's the same morning as always (I guess the speaker refers to some morning routine, which is always the same).
asa: morning
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Card ID: 1673815534060Until now [I] totally did not notice (or never noticed).
zenzen: (not) at all / totally (not) (in negative sentence)
In Japanese you can use "zenzen" + negative sentence to express "never" - just in case you've been wondering. This pattern is quite common, we already had it in the context of question words a few cards ago.
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Card ID: 1673815534062(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ima made zenzen kidzukanakatta
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Card ID: 1673815534064Friends totally not exist, it seems - or less literal: It seems like [he] does not have any friends.
mitai: seems like -> this will be covered in more detail again later.
Moreover, ignore the "mo" for now: It's often used in negative sentences like this.
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Card ID: 1673815534066(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tomodachi mo zenzen inai mitai
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Card ID: 1673815534068[Something] is totally not happy; glad; joyful.
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Card ID: 1673815534070(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
zenzen ureshikunai yo
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Card ID: 1673815534072[Something is] totally not good, maybe something that was suggested or done by someone. In Japanese, you can also use this to express that something is not possible or to refuse to do something.
dame: no good
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Card ID: 1673815534076[I] totally don't mind.
kamau: to mind
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Card ID: 1673815534080
Question words + "demo"
The particle "demo" can be appended to some of the question words. This adds the meaning of arbitrariness in the sence of "whatever" or "whoever":
- dare: who -> daredemo: anyone / whoever
- nani: what -> nandemo: anything / whatever
- itsu: when -> itsudemo: at any time
- doko: where -> dokodemo: anywhere / wherever
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Card ID: 1673815534086The panda in this anime is a totally lazy bum. In this episode hovever, he'd like to become an apprentice in order to learn something. The waitress asks: Panda, is anyone ok [as teacher]?
References:
Tae Kim on question words + particle
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Card ID: 1673815534088(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
panda kun dare demo ii no
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Card ID: 1673815534092(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dare demo dekiru shi
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Card ID: 1673815534094The conversation is revolving around kissing and the question, if you'd kiss anyone. The speaker asks: Is anyone [really] ok?
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Card ID: 1673815534096(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dare demo ii desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815534098[Let's] become partners any time.
itsudemo: any time
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Card ID: 1673815534100(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
itsu demo aite ni naru yo
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Card ID: 1673815534104(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ee tte itsu demo nomi ni kite na
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Card ID: 1673815534106Any time is ok.
itsudemo: any time
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Card ID: 1673815534110Anywhere [is] ok.
dokodemo: anywhere / wereever
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Card ID: 1673815534114[Let's] go anywhere!
A weird sentence, but it looks like these people are about to fight and ready to go anywhere.
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Card ID: 1673815534118Looks like they want to go out in order to do something, but haven't decided where to go yet. The speaker says: Because I don't know anything [about it], anywhere is ok.
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Card ID: 1673815534120(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore yoku wakaranai kara doko demo ii yo
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Card ID: 1673815534122Isn't anywhere ok?
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Card ID: 1673815534124(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
betsuni doko demo ii janai desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815534126As for me, anywhere is ok.
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Card ID: 1673815534128(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
doko demo ii desu watashi ha
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Card ID: 1673815534130
Summary question words + particle
The particles ka, mo and demo can be attached to some question words to add the following meaning:
- ka: "some", e.g. dareka: someone (specific)
- mo: "all" or "nothing", e.g. daremo: everybody/nobody (in negative sentence)
- demo: arbitrariness, e.g. daredemo: whoever
There's a certain overlap in the meaning, but the essence boils down to the above. My usual recommendation applies, try to understand some more example sentences before you start to wrap your head around the rules only!
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Card ID: 1673815534132[Something] is an easy thing [to do].
kantan: simple; easy; uncomplicated
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Card ID: 1673815534134(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kantan na koto da yo
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Card ID: 1673815534136[It's] strange, isn't it!
okashii: strange; odd
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Card ID: 1673815534140As for next, it's me -> It's my turn now.
tsugi: next; following; subsequent
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Card ID: 1673815534144As for me, I'm good!
genki: healthy; well; fit
Translating this to English literally sounds a bit weird: "I'm healthy". It's a common way to say: I'm good!
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Card ID: 1673815534146(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha genki desu
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Card ID: 1673815534148As for today, it's warm (in a pleasant way), isn't it.
atatakai: warm; mild; (pleasantly) hot
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Card ID: 1673815534152Today's hot too, isn't it.
atsui: hot (temperature, not in a too pleasant way)
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Card ID: 1673815534156As for today, [it] is extremely hot, isn't it?
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Card ID: 1673815534158(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou ha totemo atsui desu ne
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Card ID: 1673815534160[Someone] is a cold person.
tsumetai: (emotionally) cold
"tsumetai" also refers to temperature.
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Card ID: 1673815534162(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
totemo tsumetai hito desu
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Card ID: 1673815534164[My] friends are cold recently.
saikin: recently
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Card ID: 1673815534166(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tomodachi ga saikin tsumetai n da
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Card ID: 1673815534168[She is] cold as usual, isn't [she].
aikawarazu: as ever; as usual
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Card ID: 1673815534170(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
aikawarazu tsumetai ne
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Card ID: 1673815534172The doctor is touching the patient with something cold and wants to express: It's getting cold now...
tsumetai: cold (to the touch)
chotto: a little; a bit; slightly
You can't use "tsumetai" for the temperature outside, see next card!
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Card ID: 1673815534174(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hai chotto tsumetai desu yo
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Card ID: 1673815534176It's cold!
samui: cold (e.g. weather)
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Card ID: 1673815534180It's cold! As for this place (close to the speaker), it's cold!
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Card ID: 1673815534182(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
samui yo koko ha samui yo
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Card ID: 1673815534184As you'd expect, it is a bit cold [here].
sasuga: as one would expect; just as you'd expect
If you wonder about the difference to "tashika ni", have a look at the reference. If you don't know this word yet: It's covered in about 2000 cards, you'll find the reference again then.
References:
https://hinative.com/questions/22476750
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Card ID: 1673815534186(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sasuga ni chotto samui desu ne
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Card ID: 1673815534188[It's uncomfortable in here] because the club room is cold.
bushitsu: club room
"butshitsu" might sound like an unusual word, but if you like school-related anime, you'll definitely hear this, because extracurricular activities are very common in Japan. Moreover, "bu" means "club" and "shitsu" means room (do you remember the word for bedroom from an earlier card?). Note that "shitsu" is used in compound words like this and rather not as standalone word for room. I'll add this a few cards later.
Note that Tae Kim covers "kara" later. It usually connects two sentences in the following fashion: Reason kara result, meaning: because of reason, result happened. If the result is clear from context, it is often omitted, just as in this example. I'll pick this up in more detail later.
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Card ID: 1673815534190(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
bushitsu ha samui kara na
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Card ID: 1673815534192Every day [it's] cold like this?!
konnani: like this; in this way (focused on the speaker's opinion)
The intonation together with "no ka" makes the sentence sound like: "Is it really this cold every day [here]"?! Or, depending on the context: "Does it really have to be this cold every day"?!
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Card ID: 1673815534194(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mainichi konnani samui no ka
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Card ID: 1673815534196As for
this cold / coldness like this, [it's] bad (in an explanatory tone).
konnani: like this; in this way (focused on the speaker's opinion)
Remember that "no" can also be used to nominalize adjectives (samui) in order to append noun-related particles.
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Card ID: 1673815534198(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
konnani samui no ga warui n da
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Card ID: 1673815534204[Are you] really that happy?
sonnani: so much; so; like that (focused on the listener's opinion)
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Card ID: 1673815534208[Is it really] such an important thing?
sonnani: so much; so; like that (focused on the listener's opinion)
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Card ID: 1673815534210(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sonnani taisetsu na mono
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Card ID: 1673815534212[Is it (drink, opponent, whatever) really] that strong?
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Card ID: 1673815534214(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sonnani tsuyoi no ka
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Card ID: 1673815534216[Something] was not that long, was it?
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Card ID: 1673815534218(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sonnani nagakunakatta ne
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Card ID: 1673815534222(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yoku taberu na sonnani umai ka
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Card ID: 1673815534224Actually, [it] is not that long.
jitsu: truth, reality. Note that this dictionary definition of "jitsu" is a bit technical. This word occurs together with the "ha" particle most of the time and almost always translates to "actually", "in fact" or "to tell you the truth". Therefore, "jitsu ha" also has its own
dictionary entry.
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Card ID: 1673815534226(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
jitsu ha sonnani nagakunai
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Card ID: 1673815534228In this example, the speaker seems to watch something happening at a certain distance. E.g. someone is doing something without much effort. Then he states: [did he really do it] that easily?
annani: to that extent; to that degree; so much; so
konnani, sonnani and annani follow the usual pattern of kore, sore and are. I.e. they refer to something related to the speaker, the listener or something unrelated.
The actual verb is omitted here, which is common in conversations. Just imagine a "shimashita" in the end.
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Card ID: 1673815534232[You were] defeated?
makeru: to lose; to be defeated
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Card ID: 1673815534236[I was defeated] by an opponent that fast (with "that fast" referring to the opponent).
During a natural conversation you often find incomplete sentences like this. Just add the "maketa" from the last card in the end and it makes more sense:
The card doesn't add anything new, just delete it if it makes no sense.
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Card ID: 1673815534238(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
annani hayai aite ni
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Card ID: 1673815534240chotto not only means "a little; a bit; slightly" as introduced on an earlier card, but it also means "hey! come on!" In the sense of "wait a minute" or "give me a break".
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Card ID: 1673815534248Truth?! -> Is [this really] true?
hontou: truth; reality; actuality; fact
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Card ID: 1673815534252Is [this] true? [Now we're] in trouble!
komaru: to be troubled; to have difficulty
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Card ID: 1673815534254(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hontou desu komarimasu
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Card ID: 1673815534256I'm really sorry!
hontouni: really, truly
As a rule of thumb, "hontou" = truth, reality and "hontouni" = really. I never actually thought about the grammar of "hontou + ni", which I think is "na-adjective + ni = adverb", but this phrase often describes non-verbs, too. Just stick to the rule of thumb, it's usually very easy to understand. If you're really into grammar, I added two links to Japanese stackexchange below, but the answers there are not very sharp either. Don't worry and keep going :).
References:
link 1link 2
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Card ID: 1673815534260Thank you [I am really grateful].
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Card ID: 1673815534264[It] was really tasty.
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Card ID: 1673815534266(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hontouni umakatta yo
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Card ID: 1673815534268Thank you [I am really grateful].
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Card ID: 1673815534270(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hontouni arigatou gozaimashita
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Card ID: 1673815534272[You] well hung in there. Really!
[You] well did your best. Really!
Or less literal: You really did your best!
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Card ID: 1673815534274(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yoku ganbatta yo hontouni
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Card ID: 1673815534276[It] was really scary.
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Card ID: 1673815534278(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hontouni osoroshikatta n da
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Card ID: 1673815534280[We are] in trouble. Really in trouble.
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Card ID: 1673815534282(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
komarimasu hontouni komarimasu
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Card ID: 1673815534284[Is it] really not hot?
atsui/暑い: hot (weather)
atsui/熱い: hot (to the touch)
Note that "atsui" refers to both weather and touching things. In kanji however, the words are spelled differently. Here, the speaker (i.e. the child kneeling on the floor) was trying to touch the flame of a candle and asked if it was really OK to touch it.
References:
https://hinative.com/en-US/questions/17797796
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Card ID: 1673815534288Why [do you] laugh?
warau: to laugh
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Card ID: 1673815534292[You] really don't laugh [if I tell you]?
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Card ID: 1673815534296Didn't [you] see someone?
Refresher: "mimasen deshita" is the grammatically correct teineigo-past of "miru". In spoken Japanese, you'd probably rather hear: "dareka minakatta desu"?
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Card ID: 1673815534298(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dare ka mimasen deshita ka
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Card ID: 1673815534300Did [your] father come together with someone?
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Card ID: 1673815534302(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
otousan ga dare ka to kita no
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Card ID: 1673815534304
Congratulations, you finished 35% of Tae Kim's book
In addition to the grammar, you learned
401 words, great!
The third version of this course ended here, in the meantime I added more cards. If you like the course, please rate it on
Ankiweb. If you don't like it, please send me some suggestions for improvement: joe@japanese-like-a-breeze.com. Thanks!
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Card ID: 1673815534306
Compound sentences
In the following we'll have a look at how sentences are linked together to express multiple actions or states. Consider for example the following easy sentences:
- It is cold. It is dark. It is scary.
- I run. I eat. I sleep.
- It is dark. It is not scary.
This sounds pretty weird, doesn't it? You'd rather say:
- It's cold, dark and scary.
- I run, eat and sleep.
- It's dark but not scary.
The same is possible in Japanese. Most of this revolves around the "te-form", which is introduced next.
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Card ID: 1673815534308[Something] is cute and lovely.
You can connect an i-adjective (or a sentence ending on an i-adjective) "x" to another sentence "y" by replacing -i with -kute. The meaning becomes "x and y". This grammar part is commonly referred to as "te-form".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compoundTae Kim p. 92
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Card ID: 1673815534310(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kawaikute suteki desu
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Card ID: 1673815534312[Don't go in there] because it is dark and dangerous.
You can connect an i-adjective (or a sentence ending on an i-adjective) "x" to another sentence "y" by replacing -i with -kute. The meaning becomes "x and y". This grammar part is commonly referred to as "te-form".
Remark: abunai is not a negative word, it means: dangerous.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compoundTae Kim p. 92
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Card ID: 1673815534314(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kurakute abunai kara
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Card ID: 1673815534316The guy is talking about his hand. For some reason, [it] is warm and [this] was great -> He's glad that his hand is warm.
You can connect an i-adjective (or a sentence ending on an i-adjective) "x" to another sentence "y" by replacing -i with -kute. The meaning becomes "x and y". This grammar part is commonly referred to as "te-form".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compoundTae Kim p. 92
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Card ID: 1673815534318(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
atatakakute hontouni yokatta
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Card ID: 1673815534320Amazing, [it, judging from the picture maybe ice cream] is cold and sweet.
amai: sweet
You can connect an i-adjective (or a sentence ending on an i-adjective) "x" to another sentence "y" by replacing -i with -kute. The meaning becomes "x and y". This grammar part is commonly referred to as "te-form".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compoundTae Kim p. 92
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Card ID: 1673815534322(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sugoi tsumetakute amai desu yo kore
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Card ID: 1673815534324The weather is great and [this is] feeling good.
kimochiii: good feeling; feeling good (from kimochi - feeling, sensation + ii - good)
You can connect an i-adjective (or a sentence ending on an i-adjective) "x" to another sentence "y" by replacing -i with -kute. The meaning becomes "x and y". This grammar part is commonly referred to as "te-form".
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Card ID: 1673815534326(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tenki ga yokute kimochiii ne
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Card ID: 1673815534328[He] is a kind and lovely person, isn't he.
yasashii: tender; kind; gentle
You can connect an i-adjective (or a sentence ending on an i-adjective) "x" to another sentence "y" by replacing -i with -kute. The meaning becomes "x and y". This grammar part is commonly referred to as "te-form".
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Card ID: 1673815534330(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yasashikute suteki na hito da naa tte
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Card ID: 1673815534332[It] is sweet and tasty.
You can connect an i-adjective (or a sentence ending on an i-adjective) "x" to another sentence "y" by replacing -i with -kute. The meaning becomes "x and y". This grammar part is commonly referred to as "te-form".
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Card ID: 1673815534334(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
n amakute oishii desu
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Card ID: 1673815534336[It] is sweet and delicious.
umai and oishii can both refer to delicious food. umai also can mean "skillfull, clever", see next card.
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Card ID: 1673815534340Skilled! Me, I mean. -> I'm skilled!
I guess it's clear that she's not saying: "I'm tasty" here ;).
The "umai" sounds a little bit like "komai", but it is indeed "umai". Sometimes, this is caused by background noise, music or others speaking, don't worry about this. The card is from mitsuboshi colors, ep. 8 around 11:50 if you want to check yourself.
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Card ID: 1673815534344[This place] is small and bad, isn't it.
semai: narrow; confined; small
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Card ID: 1673815534348[It] is big and heavy. This anime revolves around music in a school orchestra, so I guess they are talking about an instrument.
omoi: heavy
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Card ID: 1673815534352After all, [you] are very happy (and then the speaker gets doubts: Aren't you?)
yappari: as expected, after all
Note, that "sugoi" as a matter of expressing "very" is casual, a more proper way would be to use "totemo".
Reminder: Replacing "i" of an i-adjective with "ku" makes it an adverb, which allows to describe a verb.
By now I guess you got the pattern: All of the previous -kute examples could be translated to "x and y". Due to this "and"-nature, you'll often find the -te form at the end of an incomplete sentence (like in this example), indicating that the speaker is unsure or might want to add something else. Especially in this sentence, this is also clear from the intonation.
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Card ID: 1673815534354(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yappari sugoku ureshikute
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Card ID: 1673815534356[It's] white, cold and (...maybe something else will be added due to the ending -te).
shiroi: white
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Card ID: 1673815534358(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shirokute tsumetakute
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Card ID: 1673815534362(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shizuka de warukunai heya da
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Card ID: 1673815534364As for the lovely and kind sawako sensei, where [is she / did she go]? This refers to the character of the teacher, it seems like the teacher somehow changed, the speaker sounds pretty disappointed.
yasashii: tender; kind; gentle
The same chaining that we had for sentences ending on an i-adjective can be done for na-adjectives and nouns by appending "de". Reminder: Even though "kirei" ends on an i, it is still a na-adjective.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compoundTae Kim p. 92
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Card ID: 1673815534366(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kirei de yasashii sawako sensei ha doko ni
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Card ID: 1673815534368[Someone seems to be] lovely, cheerful and stylish.
kakkoii: attractive; good-looking; stylish; cool (conjugated like ii)
Here we have a chain of both na- and i-adjectives.
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Card ID: 1673815534370(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kirei de tanoshikute kakkoyokute
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Card ID: 1673815534372[Her] hair is long, lovely and tender.
kami: hair
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Card ID: 1673815534374(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kami ga nagakute kirei de yasashii
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Card ID: 1673815534376[I] eat breakfast and go to school.
asagohan: breakfast (it's "asa - morning" + "gohan - meal")
The te-form also exists for verbs: Conjugate the verb to past tense (e.g. taberu -> tabeta) and replace "ta" by "te".
The meaning is the same as for the adjective examples here: The -te form connects the first sentence (asagohan (wo) tabete) to the second one (gakkou (ni) iku) by means of "and". Note that some particles are missing here.
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Card ID: 1673815534378(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
asagohan tabete gakkou iku yo
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Card ID: 1673815534380[You] ate breakfast and did not come? (maybe she missed the first lesson at school).
asagohan: breakfast
The te-form also exists for verbs: Conjugate the verb to past tense (e.g. taberu -> tabeta) and replace "ta" by "te".
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Card ID: 1673815534382(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
asagohan tabete konakatta no
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Card ID: 1673815534384[I go there and] eat a meal and drink [...and maybe have a dessert].
gohan: meal
The te-form also exists for verbs: Conjugate the verb to past tense (e.g. nomu -> nonda) and replace "da" by "de". When the past ends on "da" instead of "ta", you attach "de" instead of "te".
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Card ID: 1673815534392As for today, because [I am] already tired, [I] go home and sleep.
kara: because; it can connect two sentences in the following sense: reason kara result, the meaning always is: Because of reason, result happens. Note that the result may be omitted, if it's clear from context.
Note that we already had "kara" on previous cards in different roles: To state a relative time (asa kara - since morning) or a direction (gakkou kara - from school).
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compound#Expressing_reason_or_causation_using_andTae Kim p. 94
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Card ID: 1673815534394(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou ha mou tsukareta kara kaette neru
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Card ID: 1673815534398(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tsukareta kara watashi ha neru zo
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Card ID: 1673815534400Very interesting sentence, it means: I'm excited to eat this, because I never ate it before.
"tabeta koto nai" -> [I] ate [it]-thing not there -> I never ate this.
"tanoshimi da" -> excitement is there -> I'm excited.
"kara" links the first as reason to the second.
Reminder: "koto" is a very generic sort of placeholder noun used to refer to a "thing" or "matter". The matter is usually described by a clause, just as in this example. Some more "koto"-examples follow soon.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compound#Expressing_reason_or_causation_using_andTae Kim p. 94
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Card ID: 1673815534402(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tabeta koto nai kara tanoshimi da ne
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Card ID: 1673815534404[Let's] take a break because [I] became a bit tired.
Maybe you noticed an interesting pattern: In English, you'd rather say: I do x because of y. In Japanese, this is usually expressed vice versa. You'll notice this many times, Jay Rubin's book "Making Sense of Japanese" has an entire chapter dedicated to this. This book is totally worth reading, but not for beginners. I'll recommend it again at the end of this course.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compound#Expressing_reason_or_causation_using_andTae Kim p. 94
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Card ID: 1673815534406(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
chotto tsukareta kara kyuukei
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Card ID: 1673815534408[Don't go there] because it is dangerous.
In this sentence, the result of our pattern "reason kara result" is omitted, because it seems to be clear from context.
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Card ID: 1673815534412[It's no problem] because [he] is [my] comrade.
Note that if the reason for something ends on a noun, you usually add "da" before "kara":
Without the "da", this might sound like kara in the role of "from", i.e. I received something from my comrade.
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Card ID: 1673815534416[It's no problem] because [I] am [your] friend.
Note that if the reason for something ends on a noun, you usually add "da" before "kara":
Without the "da", this might sound like kara in the role of "from", i.e. I received something from my comrade.
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Card ID: 1673815534418(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tomodachi da kara da yo
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Card ID: 1673815534420[I can't go] because of work.
Note that if the reason for something ends on a noun, you usually add "da" before "kara":
Without the "da", this might sound like kara in the role of "from", i.e. I received something from my comrade.
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Card ID: 1673815534424ii kara: never mind that; don't worry about that
Note that in some cases, "kara" is used to express sympathy and can't be directly translated to "because / from / since".
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Card ID: 1673815534428Taki [character name], I['ll] go now, I go [there now to rescue you].
Note that in some cases, "kara" is used to express sympathy and can't be directly translated to "because / from / since". An example is this sentence, the guy is hurrying to save taki from an evil spirit.
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Card ID: 1673815534430(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
taki ima ikuiku kara
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Card ID: 1673815534432[I] saw [it] in a movie-thing is there -> I saw it in a movie.
Reminder: "koto" is a very generic sort of placeholder noun used to refer to a "thing" or "matter". The matter is usually described by a clause, just as in this example. Tae Kim covers this much later, but it's very easy useful.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/genericnouns
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Card ID: 1673815534434(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
eiga de mita koto ga aru
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Card ID: 1673815534436Met-thing exists? -> Did you meet him?
Reminder: "koto" is a very generic sort of placeholder noun used to refer to a "thing" or "matter". The matter is usually described by a clause, just as in this example. Tae Kim covers this much later, but it's very easy useful.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/genericnouns
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Card ID: 1673815534438(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
atta koto ga aru no ka
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Card ID: 1673815534440Saw on tv-thing exists -> I already saw it on TV.
terebi: television
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Card ID: 1673815534442(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
terebi de mita koto ga aru zo
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Card ID: 1673815534444Came to this street-thing exists -> I've already been to this street before.
michi: road; path; street
Pay attention to the past tense of "kuru - to come, to visit" here (kita) and keep this in mind for the next card.
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Card ID: 1673815534446(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kono michi kita koto ga aru na
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Card ID: 1673815534448Heard-thing exists -> I've heard that before.
kiku: to hear, to listen to something
The past tense of kuru and kiku sound very similar and are sometimes hard to distinguish. The "i" is pronounced longer for "kiku".
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Card ID: 1673815534452Did you [already] hear about this?
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Card ID: 1673815534454(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kiita koto ga aru ka
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Card ID: 1673815534456As for this, I also heard-thing is there -> I've also heard of this.
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Card ID: 1673815534458(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
un sore ha ore mo kiita koto ga aru
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Card ID: 1673815534460Once heard-thing is there -> I heard about this once.
ichido: once; one time; on one occasion
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Card ID: 1673815534462(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ichido kiita koto ga aru
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Card ID: 1673815534464As for those two over there (close to the listener), [I] saw-matter exists -> I've already seen these two over there.
futari: two persons, two people, couple
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Card ID: 1673815534466(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
socchi no futari ha mita koto ga aru na
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Card ID: 1673815534468Tasted-thing exists? -> Have you tasted this (food) before?
ajiwau: to taste; to savor
I hope you get the pattern by now, some more "koto" sentences follow and then we'll continue with compound sentences.
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Card ID: 1673815534470(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ajiwatta koto ga aru no ka
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Card ID: 1673815534472As for those eyes, I've already seen them.
me: eye, eyes
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Card ID: 1673815534474(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sono me ha mita koto ga aru
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Card ID: 1673815534476Saw only once-thing is there -> I've seen this only once.
dake: only
I think Tae Kim covers "dake" in more detail later, but this sentence fits in here well.
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Card ID: 1673815534478(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ichido dake mita koto ga aru
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Card ID: 1673815534480[This item] is ayano's grandmother's?
obaasan: grandmother
Remark: The trailing "no" here is not the explanatory one, this is something I forgot to explain. If the explanatory "no" follows a noun or a na-adjective, there's a "na" added in between to distinguish it from the "no" used for linking a property. Don't worry about this for now, more examples are added soon. Tae Kim explains this
here.
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Card ID: 1673815534482(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ayano san no obaasan no
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Card ID: 1673815534484[I] heard [this] from grandma-matter exists -> I heard this from grandma (in an explanatory tone).
obaachan: cute / familiar way to refer to a grandmother
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Card ID: 1673815534486(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
obaachan kara kiita koto ga aru no
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Card ID: 1673815534488arubaito: part time job
This word is derived from the German word "Arbeit", which means "work, job". While this refers to a full-time job in German, it's just a part time job in Japanese. Japanese people are known to work hard, after all ;).
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Card ID: 1673815534492baito: short for arubaito (part time job)
This abbreviation is more common.
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Card ID: 1673815534496Work today, too? -> You're also working today (part time)?
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Card ID: 1673815534500[He] is not in the bathroom either.
ofuro: bath, room where people take a bath
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Card ID: 1673815534504Don't you want to eat with me?
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Card ID: 1673815534506(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi to gohan wo tabemasen ka
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Card ID: 1673815534510(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
totemo tsuyoi node chuui wo
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Card ID: 1673815534512Did you attach a name [to someone] -> did you already name it? E.g. your new pet.
tsukeru: to attach
namae wo tsukeru: to name
"tsukeru" has a lot of different meanings, just have a look at the
dictionary. It is used in many different contexts, which confused me in the beginning.
References:
https://jisho.org/search/namaewotsukeru
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Card ID: 1673815534518(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
namae ha ore ga tsukemashita
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Card ID: 1673815534522(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
namae ga nakatta node watashi ga tsuketa
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Card ID: 1673815534526(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sugu ni wasureru node
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Card ID: 1673815534530(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha kamaimasen node
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Card ID: 1673815534532Attach you mind, everybody -> The Japanese way to say: Be careful!
ki: spirit; mind; heart
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Card ID: 1673815534540[You're] not lying?
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Card ID: 1673815534544Father lied again.
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Card ID: 1673815534546(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
otousan mata uso tsukimashita
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Card ID: 1673815534548usotsuki: liar
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Card ID: 1673815534552Why? [You are] weird! [This] family is weird!
"ie" in this case refers to the entire family or everybody living in this house. The speaker was just slapped by her mother for saying something she thought was reasonable, so she said this. The official translation is: 'What was that for? You're crazy, you know? Everybody in this house is out of their mind!'
References:
https://jisho.org/search/ie
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Card ID: 1673815534554(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nande yo okashii yo okashii yo kono ie
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Card ID: 1673815534556Excuse me, [it] became late -> I'm late.
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Card ID: 1673815534558(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sumimasen osoku narimashita
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Card ID: 1673815534560How do-intention it is? -> How do you want to do this? Or also: What do you want to do now?
If "no" is used in the explanatory role after a noun or na-adjective, there's usually a "na" in front of it. I forgot to explain this, Tae Kim explains the reason on p. 67 or
here. Without the "na", it sounds like you'd link the noun to another thing clear from context.
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Card ID: 1673815534562(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dou suru tsumori na no
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Card ID: 1673815534564As for me, who am I (asking for explanation, maybe he lost his memory).
If "no" is used in the explanatory role after a noun or na-adjective, there's usually a "na" in front of it. I forgot to explain this, Tae Kim explains the reason on p. 67 or
here. Without the "na", it sounds like you'd link the noun to another thing clear from context.
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Card ID: 1673815534566(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha dare na no
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Card ID: 1673815534568[He] likes
you?!
If "no" is used in the explanatory role after a noun or na-adjective, there's usually a "na" in front of it. I forgot to explain this, Tae Kim explains the reason on p. 67 or
here. Without the "na", it sounds like you'd link the noun to another thing clear from context. Just don't worry about this, without having read this in Tae Kim's book, I'd not even be aware of it.
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Card ID: 1673815534572As for wound, [is it] ok?
kizu: wound, injury
If "no" is used in the explanatory role after a noun or na-adjective, there's usually a "na" in front of it. I forgot to explain this, Tae Kim explains the reason on p. 67 or
here. Without the "na", it sounds like you'd link the noun to another thing clear from context. Just don't worry about this, without having read this in Tae Kim's book, I'd not even be aware of it.
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Card ID: 1673815534574(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kizu ha daijoubu na no
Tags: -
Card ID: 1673815534576As for this, [is it the] moon?
tsuki: moon
If "no" is used in the explanatory role after a noun or na-adjective, there's usually a "na" in front of it. I forgot to explain this, Tae Kim explains the reason on p. 67 or
here. Without the "na", it sounds like you'd link the noun to another thing clear from context. Just don't worry about this, without having read this in Tae Kim's book, I'd not even be aware of it.
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Card ID: 1673815534580[Don't worry, you can take this way home] because as for this road, [it is] really safe.
anzen: safety; security
If "no" is used in the explanatory role after a noun or na-adjective, there's usually a "na" in front of it. I forgot to explain this, Tae Kim explains the reason on p. 67 or
here. Without the "na", it sounds like you'd link the noun to another thing clear from context. Just don't worry about this, without having read this in Tae Kim's book, I'd not even be aware of it.
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Card ID: 1673815534582(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kono michi ha hontouni anzen na no
Tags: -
Card ID: 1673815534584As for a large wish/favor, is it no good / not allowed? The panda in this series is not only super lazy, but also quite demanding and wants to have a big wish granted by someone.
We had "negai" as "wish, hope" before. It can also mean "favor".
dame: no good, not allowed, not possible
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Card ID: 1673815534586(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ookii negai ha dame na no
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Card ID: 1673815534588As for mail partner, who [is it]?
me-ru: email
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Card ID: 1673815534590(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
me-ru no aite dare na no
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Card ID: 1673815534592As for that feeling [I] understand [it].
kimochi: feeling; sensation; mood; state of mind
Remember kimochiii from an earlier card? Now you know where it comes from: kimochi + ii = good feeling / mood.
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Card ID: 1673815534594(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sono kimochi ha wakarimasu
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Card ID: 1673815534596They seem to be walking a road that's maybe not in good condition and seem to have talked about this. Then the speaker notes: "Here too road is [bad]".
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Card ID: 1673815534598(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kocchi ni mo michi ga
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Card ID: 1673815534600As for me, why am I here?
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Card ID: 1673815534602(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
wa watashi ha naze koko ni iru
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Card ID: 1673815534604Because it's easy, it's ok -> maybe the guy was asked for a favor and answers: Ok, I do it, but only because it's easy.
If "no" is used in the explanatory role after a noun or na-adjective, there's usually a "na" in front of it. Tae Kim explains the reason on p. 67 or
here. Without the "na", it sounds like you'd link the noun to another thing clear from context.
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Card ID: 1673815534606(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kantan na node ii yo
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Card ID: 1673815534608Because [it is] time, I go now, bye.
shitsurei: discourtesy; impoliteness
Reminder: "shitsurei shimasu" is a polite way to say goodbye.
If "no" is used in the explanatory role after a noun or na-adjective, there's usually a "na" in front of it. Tae Kim explains the reason on p. 67 or
here. Without the "na", it sounds like you'd link the noun to another thing clear from context.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815534610(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
jikan na node shitsureishimasu
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Card ID: 1673815534612Because [he is] a friend from long ago [I'm looking forward to meet him].
If "no" is used in the explanatory role after a noun or na-adjective, there's usually a "na" in front of it. Tae Kim explains the reason on p. 67 or
here. Without the "na", it sounds like you'd link the noun to another thing clear from context.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815534614(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mukashi kara no tomodachi na node
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Card ID: 1673815534616[Do we] really do it [physical action]?
yaru: to do; to undertake; to perform
(for physical actions). "yaru" and "suru" have a similar meaning, but you can't just attach "yaru" to nouns the same way as "suru". It is used for physical actions only, read Tae Kim's blog post for more details. Also keep in mind that "yaru" can sound quite rude in certain contexts, this will be explained later.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/blog/2005/04/21/difference-between-and/
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Card ID: 1673815534618(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
naa hontouni yaru no ka
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Card ID: 1673815534620This, until when do [we do] it?
yaru: to do; to undertake; to perform
(for physical actions). "yaru" and "suru" have a similar meaning, but you can't just attach "yaru" to nouns the same way as "suru". It is used for physical actions only, read Tae Kim's blog post for more details. Also keep in mind that "yaru" can sound quite rude in certain contexts, this will be explained later.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/blog/2005/04/21/difference-between-and/
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Card ID: 1673815534622(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kore itsu made yaru no
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Card ID: 1673815534626(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
atsui noni yoku yaru na
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Card ID: 1673815534628Even though [it is] this hot, tea?
noni: even though, despite. It can connect two sentences: "sentence 1" noni "sentence 2", the meaning always is: even though "sentence 1", "sentence 2" happened. The same rules as for "node" apply, see following cards.
ocha: tea, usually green
Ignore the "tte" here, it means: "you/someone said" It will be covered later in more detail.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compound#Using_to_mean_8220despite8221
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Card ID: 1673815534630(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
konnani atsui noni ocha tte
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Card ID: 1673815534632Even though [we] did our best with everybody (i.e. the whole team), it's frustrating. Maybe they lost a match.
noni: even though, despite. It can connect two sentences: "sentence 1" noni "sentence 2", the meaning always is: even though "sentence 1", "sentence 2" happened. The same rules as for "node" apply, see following cards.
kuyashii: annoying; frustrating
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compound#Using_to_mean_8220despite8221
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Card ID: 1673815534634(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
minna de ganbatta noni kuyashii yo
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Card ID: 1673815534636Even though [he] is that big, [he is] a lost child? -> The person that got lost is actually grown up and his friends pranked him in a department store. The speaker is seeing this person and wonders: Is he really a lost child?
noni: even though, despite. It can connect two sentences: "sentence 1" noni "sentence 2", the meaning always is: even though "sentence 1", "sentence 2" happened. The same rules as for "node" apply, see following cards.
maigo: lost child, lost person, stray child
Ignore the "tte" here, it means: "they said"? It will be covered later in more detail.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compound#Using_to_mean_8220despite8221
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Card ID: 1673815534638(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
annani ookii noni maigo desu tte
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Card ID: 1673815534640
Remark
sonnani / konnani / annani are actually sonna / konna / anna + ni, but I found it easier to remember them as one word. I spell them together throughout this course, just like some other words. In the end, Japanese has no whitespaces anyways.
Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815534644(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
maketa noni erasou da nya
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Card ID: 1673815534646Even though [they are] that close, [they] can't kiss / don't kiss.
noni: even though, despite. It can connect two sentences: "sentence 1" noni "sentence 2", the meaning always is: even though "sentence 1", "sentence 2" happened.
chikaku: closeness, neighborhood
Ignore the "mo" for now, it's often used in negative sentences like this. It translates to something like "even", I'll add more details later.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compound#Using_to_mean_8220despite8221
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Card ID: 1673815534648(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
konnani chikaku ni iru noni kisu mo dekinai yo
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Card ID: 1673815534656(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
umi ga chikaku ni aru noni
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Card ID: 1673815534672(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
taisetsu na mono na noni
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Card ID: 1673815534684(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yoku wakaranai kedo zenzen ii yo
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Card ID: 1673815534688(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kowakatta kedo hontouni yasashikatta
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Card ID: 1673815534692(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
netsu ha aru kedo daijoubu da yo
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Card ID: 1673815534696(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tsukareta kedo kimochiii na
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Card ID: 1673815534700(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tsukareta kedo tanoshikatta ne
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Card ID: 1673815534702[It is] a bit late, but [here's] breakfast.
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Card ID: 1673815534704(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
chotto osoi kedo asagohan
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Card ID: 1673815534706[I don't like this meal] but I eat.
If the reason is clear from context, it can be omitted as usual.
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Card ID: 1673815534712(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
namae ha onaji da kedo
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Card ID: 1673815534714This is mine [i.e. my drink] but [do you want to] drink [it]?
If "kedo" follows a noun or na-adjective, there's usually a "da" in between. This construction is often taught as standalone word (dakedo = but). However, the "but" comes from "kedo"
only.
Here, the actual noun is omitted (i.e. watashi no drink), but the "da" is still required. If this card is too confusing, just suspend and ignore it.
The "want to" is a consequence of the intonation (this sentence is a question without marker). There are dedicated ways to express "want to", covered later.
References:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJxwZh0bBnYhttps://hinative.com/en-US/questions/19762261
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Card ID: 1673815534716(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
akkore watashi no da kedo nomu
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Card ID: 1673815534722...so [I am] sorry.
Just as "da kedo", "da kara" can also be used to start a sentence: It just means "because" and refers to something said before. Note that this is often taught as standalone word "dakara", but it's in fact da + kara.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815534726[The others didn't like it] but as for me, [it] was enjoyable / fun.
If the reason is clear from context, it can be omitted as usual.
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Card ID: 1673815534728(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha tanoshikatta kedo
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Card ID: 1673815534730Did [you] calm down?
ochitsuku: to calm down
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Card ID: 1673815534734As for [your] feelings [I] understand, but please calm down -> I understand how you feel, but calm down.
Instead of "kedo", you may also use "ga" to express "but". It means exactly the same, but is slightly more polite. As a rule of thumb, "ga" is used with teineigo (i.e. -masu forms), while "kedo" is used with plain Japanese. Don't mix this up with the noun-related "ga", it simply means "but" in this case.
"ochitsuite" is the te-form of ochitsuku - to calm down. It is used as imperative here, this will be covered soon.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compound#Expressing_contradiction_using_and
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Card ID: 1673815534736(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kimochi ha wakarimasu ga ochitsuite
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Card ID: 1673815534738[We] don't have time, but calm down -> please calm down, even though we have no time (maybe they're in trouble and have to escape).
Instead of "kedo", you may also use "ga" to express "but". It means exactly the same, but is slightly more polite. As a rule of thumb, "ga" is used with teineigo (i.e. -masu forms), while "kedo" is used with plain Japanese. Don't mix this up with the noun-related "ga", it simply means "but" in this case.
"ochitsuite" is the te-form of ochitsuku - to calm down. It is used as imperative here, this will be covered soon.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compound#Expressing_contradiction_using_and
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Card ID: 1673815534740(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
jikan ha arimasen ga ochitsuite
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Card ID: 1673815534742[I] don't [mean to] interfere, but [are you] ok? (Maybe the speaker saw some stranger on the street who looks like he could need some help).
Instead of "kedo", you may also use "ga" to express "but". It means exactly the same, but is slightly more polite. As a rule of thumb, "ga" is used with teineigo (i.e. -masu forms), while "kedo" is used with plain Japanese. Don't mix this up with the noun-related "ga", it simply means "but" in this case.
kamau: to interfere with, to meddle with (it has multiple meanings, it was introduced as "means to mind, to care about").
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compound#Expressing_contradiction_using_and
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Card ID: 1673815534744(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kamaimasen ga daijoubu desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815534748(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hai watashi ha daijoubu desu ga
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Card ID: 1673815534750...but as for that kid, [it] is not friend.
ko: kid, child (it's short for kodomo, we already had this before).
References:
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Card ID: 1673815534752(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo ano ko ha tomodachi janai
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Card ID: 1673815534756(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha kamaimasen ga ano kotachi ha
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Card ID: 1673815534758[I like her] because [she's] pretty and kind [among other things].
When you want to provide an (incomplete) list of reasons for something, you can use "shi". Simply append it to the sentence / relative clause. If the clause ends on a noun or na-adjective, there's usually a "da" before the "shi". We already this on earlier cards, Tae Kim officially introduces it in the "compound sentences"-chapter. Since the list of reasons is usually incomplete, I use "among other things" in the translation.
Remark: Quite often, "shi" is appended to every relative clause in the list of incomplete reasons, just as in this example. As we will see however, this is not always the case.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compound#Expressing_multiple_reasons_using
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Card ID: 1673815534760(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kirei da shi yasashii shi
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Card ID: 1673815534762[I don't like it here in this forest, because it's] hot among other things... and besides this [I] became tired.
soreni: besides, in addition
When you want to list multiple reasons for something, you can append "shi" to (each) sentence/clause. Note that this usually is an incomplete list of reasons, hence the "among other things" in the translation.
Remark: The additional "sore ni" here caused some confusion, because it adds another reason why the speaker wants to leave the forest. Tae Kim and other resources however, point out that the "shi" must be added after every reason (which is wrong). Here, you could interpret this as two distinct sentences, joined together by "sore ni" - this is just what it does: The "atsui shi" is one out of a few reasons the speaker does not being in the forest. And then, in addition to this, she became tired. It's from Hyouka, ep. 8 around 8:00, if you want to check.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compound#Expressing_multiple_reasons_usinghttps://www.tofugu.com/japanese-grammar/shi/
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Card ID: 1673815534764(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
atsui shi sore ni tsukareta wa yo
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Card ID: 1673815534768(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
uso mo tsukanai shi warui koto mo shinai
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Card ID: 1673815534772(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore ha watashi no mondai da shi sa
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Card ID: 1673815534776(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou ha tenki mo ii shi tanoshii yo saa
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Card ID: 1673815534782[I want to go home because] noone is here and it is cold [among other things].
shi: marks incomplete list of reasons for something. Here, it's appended to every reason, but this is not always the case.
References:
https://www.tofugu.com/japanese-grammar/shi/
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Card ID: 1673815534784(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daremo inai shi samui shi
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Card ID: 1673815534786[I want to go home because it's] scary, lonely and miserable [here].
sabishii: lonely; lonesome; solitary
kanashii: sad; miserable
shi: marks incomplete list of reasons for something. Here, it's appended to every reason, but this is not always the case.
References:
https://www.tofugu.com/japanese-grammar/shi/
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Card ID: 1673815534788(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kowai shi sabishii shi kanashii wa
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Card ID: 1673815534790[I like her because she's] not only cheerful but also interesting.
akarui: cheerful, bright (of a colour)
shi: marks incomplete list of reasons for something. Here, it's used for emphasis (not only, but also).
References:
https://www.tofugu.com/japanese-grammar/shi/
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Card ID: 1673815534792(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
akarui shi omoshiroi yo ne
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Card ID: 1673815534794I like you very much [because you're a] beautiful woman [among other things].
bijin: beautiful woman
shi: marks incomplete list of reasons for something. Here, only one out of several reasons is given.
References:
https://www.tofugu.com/japanese-grammar/shi/
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Card ID: 1673815534796(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
anata bijin da shi totemo suki yo
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Card ID: 1673815534798It's hot [among other things], [why] don't we drink something?
shi: marks incomplete list of reasons for something. Here, only one out of several reasons is given.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815534800(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nee atsui shi nanika nomanai
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Card ID: 1673815534802[I can't go because among other things] cram school is there -> I have to go to cram school.
juku: cram school; private tutoring school. The
wikipedia article on Japanese cram schools is interesting, they are very common in Japan.
shi: marks incomplete list of reasons for something. Here, only one out of several reasons is given.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815534804(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo ore juku aru shi na
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Card ID: 1673815534806[We'll continue to fight because] I don't forgive you and you don't forgive me [among other things].
yurusu: to forgive; to pardon
References:
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Card ID: 1673815534808(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku ha omae wo yurusanai shi omae ha boku wo yurusanai
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Card ID: 1673815534810[I like this place. The view is great and] it feels good [here, among other things].
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Card ID: 1673815534812(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koko kimochiii shi sa
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Card ID: 1673815534814[Something was] totally not joyful and fun.
ureshii: happy; glad; joyful
tanoshii: enjoyable; fun
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Card ID: 1673815534816(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
zenzen ureshikunai shi tanoshikunai
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Card ID: 1673815534818[I can't help you because I] not only don't know anything [about it] but also have no interest [in this].
kyoumi: interest in something, curiosity
References:
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Card ID: 1673815534820(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shiranai shi kyoumi mo nai yo
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Card ID: 1673815534824(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo mou akita shi nemui wa
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Card ID: 1673815534826[I don't like this place] it's stinky, among other things.
kusai: stinking; smelly
References:
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Card ID: 1673815534830Do you remember this sentence? Reminder: The "shi" here has a different meaning, it's the nominalized form of "suru - to do" and means: What did you come here for?
You get the nominalization of a verb by omitting the "masu" part in teineigo.
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Card ID: 1673815534834[You] cried?
naku: to cry
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Card ID: 1673815534838Yes, [I] don't cry.
naku: to cry
The guy told the girl not to cry. Sounds like a weird conversation, but I need the word "naku" for one of the next cards...
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Card ID: 1673815534842[You] fell in love?
koi: romantic love
koi suru: to fall in love (not: to make love!)
References:
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Card ID: 1673815534846As for the one who laughs last [it's probably the speaker].
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Card ID: 1673815534848(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
saigo ni warau no ha
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Card ID: 1673815534850[I] failed / made a mistake.
shippai: failure; mistake
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Card ID: 1673815534854This job does not forgive mistakes (looks like they are working on a dangerous construction site).
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Card ID: 1673815534856(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kono shigoto ni shippai ha yurusarenai
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Card ID: 1673815534858Why [do you] laugh?
The "nande" is hard to understand. If you didn't use headphones up to this point, now is probably a good time to try, they make listening comprehension much easier...
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Card ID: 1673815534862I failed / made a mistake, didn't I?
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Card ID: 1673815534864(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi shippai shita ka na
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Card ID: 1673815534866As for everybody [you, the audience], recently made a mistake / failed? -> How about you? Did you recently make a mistake?
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Card ID: 1673815534868(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
minasan ha saikin shippai wo shimashita ka
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Card ID: 1673815534870Why [do you] run away?
nigeru: to escape; to run away
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Card ID: 1673815534874[We] escape! With the two of you.
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Card ID: 1673815534876(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nigeru no yo futari de
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Card ID: 1673815534878[A long time ago I had a single friend] but that kid also ran away from me.
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Card ID: 1673815534880(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo sono ko mo watashi kara nigeta
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Card ID: 1673815534882[They] all escaped, maybe.
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Card ID: 1673815534884(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
minna tabun nigeta yo ne
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Card ID: 1673815534886[We] escape, of course.
mochiron: of course; certainly; naturally
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Card ID: 1673815534888(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mochiron nigemasu yo ne
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Card ID: 1673815534890[I want to return to earth] because [there I can] do things like laughing, crying and falling in love [just like other girls].
You can connect a list multiple actions / verbs among a potentially larger list using the pattern "-tari + suru": Put the verb to past tense, attach "ri" and end the sentence with suru (and maybe a sentence ending particle like in this example). The meaning becomes: I did this, that and a few other things.
The tense is determined by the last "suru". The difference to the te-form is, that the "-tari + suru"-pattern lists multiple things among others in no particular order. If you said: "waratte naite koi suru", you'd to these things in exactly this order.
The difference to "shi" is that "-tari suru" applies only to verbs and not necessarily states reasons.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/compound#Expressing_multiple_actions_or_states_using
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Card ID: 1673815534892(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
warattari naitari koishitari suru no
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Card ID: 1673815534894This is a nice example of multiple "compound constructors" in one sentence (-te form and -tari suru), it means: If you fail once and cry and run away (among other things)...[it's ok].
You can connect a list multiple actions / verbs among a potentially larger list using the pattern "-tari + suru": Put the verb to past tense, attach "ri" and end the sentence with suru (and maybe a sentence ending particle like in this example). The meaning becomes: I did this, that and a few other things.
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Card ID: 1673815534896(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ichido shippai shite naitari nigetari suru to
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Card ID: 1673815534898As for me, I don't like it if she cries and is in trouble (among other things).
You can connect a list multiple actions / verbs among a potentially larger list using the pattern "-tari + suru": Put the verb to past tense, attach "ri" and end the sentence with suru (and maybe a sentence ending particle like in this example). The meaning becomes: I did this, that and a few other things.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815534900(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku ha kanojo ga naitari komattari suru no ga suki janai
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Card ID: 1673815534902[I like to go there, because there's a] tasty shop there [among other things] -> It means a store offering tasty food.
mise: store; shop (with polite o-prefix)
The "-tari suru"-construction does not need multiple verbs in this form as in the previous examples. You'll often have sentences like this with just one verb ending on -tari. This adds the meaning of "among other things" or "...and the like". It's imply a single thing out of many more.
Remark: Here, we have the -tari suru form of "aru", which means: to be there, among other things.
References:
https://maggiesensei.com/2013/09/29/how-to-use-%E3%80%9C%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8Atari-%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6tarishite/
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Card ID: 1673815534904(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
oishii omise ga attari suru
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Card ID: 1673815534906Do you have any kind of plans [and maybe other things in mind]?
yotei: plans; arrangement; schedule
nanka: something like ...; things like (casual of nanika)
The "-tari suru"-construction does not need multiple verbs in this form as in the previous examples. You'll often have sentences like this with just one verb ending on -tari. This adds the meaning of "among other things" or "...and the like". It's imply a single thing out of many more.
References:
https://hinative.com/questions/906046
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Card ID: 1673815534908(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nanka yotei attari suru no
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Card ID: 1673815534910[Something] becomes light [among other things].
karui: light, not heavy
The "-tari suru"-construction does not need multiple verbs in this form as in the previous examples. You'll often have sentences like this with just one verb ending on -tari. This adds the meaning of "among other things" or "...and the like". It's imply a single thing out of many more.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815534914[I am often late because I] oversleep [among other things].
nebou: oversleeping (noun)
Note the interesting noun-suru-suru construction here: nebou suru = to oversleep conjugated to -tari suru.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815534918I am not there tomorrow [among other things - they are talking about going to a party. Terrace house boys x girls next door, S7 after 19:30].
ashita: tomorrow
The "suru" in the end sounds like a "s".
Remark: We don't have past tense here, it's -tari suru - incomplete listing.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815534920(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ashita inakattari suru
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Card ID: 1673815534922[I] won't forget my home.
uchi: one's house; one's home; one's family (with polite o-prefix)
In this example you see how the conjugations work for "-tari suru"-constructions: The last suru is inflected.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815534924(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ouchi wo wasuretari shimasen yo ne
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Card ID: 1673815534926As for us, [we] don't run away.
In this example you see how the conjugations work for "-tari suru"-constructions: The last suru is inflected.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815534928(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashitachi ha nigetari shimasen
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Card ID: 1673815534930[I] eat this [among other things].
The "suru" is often omitted in casual conversations.
The speaker lists stuff she's doing at the moment.
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Card ID: 1673815534934[I] drink beer [and so on / and do other things].
The "suru" is often omitted in casual conversations.
The speaker lists stuff she's doing at the moment.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815534938As for today, [it] was fun.
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Card ID: 1673815534940(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou ha tanoshikatta na
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Card ID: 1673815534942But maybe...
hyottoshite: by any chance; by some chance; maybe
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Card ID: 1673815534946...[it] was a dream again [and the like...]
The "-tari suru"-form also works for the state of being (da), with exactly the same rules, it's da -> datta (past) -> dattari. However, the "suru" is again missing here.
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Card ID: 1673815534948(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mata yume dattari toka
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Card ID: 1673815534950The first word is supposed to mean "atsui", sounds like she's taking a hot shower and finally realizes, that she's not dreaming.
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Card ID: 1673815534954As for that... [he's] a friend, a person [I] like [among other things].
The "-tari suru"-form also works for the state of being (da), with exactly the same rules, it's da -> datta (past) -> dattari. The "suru" is again missing here.
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Card ID: 1673815534956(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore ha tomodachi dattari suki na hito dattari
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Card ID: 1673815534958[You think it/someone is] cute and all that? -> Answer see next card.
"-tari suru" also works for i-adjectives, even though this is less common than for verbs.
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Card ID: 1673815534960(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ka kawaikattari suru no
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Card ID: 1673815534962Yes, cute but... (the "but" comes from "ga", just as we learned before).
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Card ID: 1673815534966
Summary: Compound Sentences
In chapter 4.4, Tae Kim introduced several possibilities to connect sentences, here's a summary:
- -te form acts as "and": amakute umai zo - [it] is sweet and tasty.
- kara gives a reason as [reason] kara [result]: tsukareta kara watashi ha neru zo - because I'm tired I go to sleep.
- node gives a reason: Almost the same as kara, slightly softer and slightly more polite.
- noni means "despite" or "even though" and is used like this: [sentence 1] noni [sentence 2] - despite / even though [sentence 1], [sentence 2] happened.
- kedo means "but", indicates a contradiction: yoku wakaranai kedo zenzen ii yo - I don't understand well, but it's ok.
- ga: Same as "kedo", but slightly more polite. Usually used with -masu forms.
- shi: Gives an incomplete list of reasons for something.
- -tari suru: Gives an incomplete list of actions or states, which might also serve as reasons.
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Card ID: 1673815534968'No! Don't [go away]. Kill me!'
Here, the speaker is telling the other person in the image to kill her.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815534970(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dame dame watashi wo koroshite
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Card ID: 1673815534972No good, alcoholic beverage [I mean].
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Card ID: 1673815534974(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dame desu yo osake ha
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Card ID: 1673815534976As for that, [is it a] no good-thing? -> It this something [someone] shouldn't do?
"dame" is used within a broad context to express that something is not good and maybe should not be done. We'll learn some more important use cases later.
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Card ID: 1673815534978(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore ha dame na koto na no ka
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Card ID: 1673815534980No good! As for [my] older brother, [I] don't hand [him] over.
watasu: to hand over
Note again that the thing to be handed over is clear from context. Seems like the red haired girl wants to go out with the guy and the black haired girl is holding him (older brother) back. Depending on the context it could also mean that they're talking about some item and the girl explains: Brother doesn't hand it over.
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Card ID: 1673815534982(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dame desu ani ha watashimasen
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Card ID: 1673815534984No good / impossible, [I] totally can't concentrate.
shuuchuu: concentration, focusing
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Card ID: 1673815534986(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dame da zenzen shuuchuu dekinai
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Card ID: 1673815534988Momo, as for a lie, [it's] no good -> don't lie, Momo!
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Card ID: 1673815534992No good, as for this love, [it] doesn't come true (maybe someone doesn't love her back).
kanau: to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.); to be realized; to be fulfilled
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Card ID: 1673815534994(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dame kono koi ha kanawanai
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Card ID: 1673815534996Sorry, sweets were no good (for me). Maybe he spat them out and apologizes for that.
amaimono (amai + mono): sweet things, sweets
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Card ID: 1673815534998(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
gomen amaimono dame datta ore
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Card ID: 1673815535000It's no good, [it's something] I can't do.
Note the "ni + ha" particle combination. We already had this on a separate card before, the sentence was "bokutachi ni ha wakaru". Technically, it marks "watashi" as target of "dekiru". This means, that "not being able to do something" is limited to "watashi" in this case. They're talking about marrying someone here and the speaker can't do that for whatever reason. Read more on this
here.
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Card ID: 1673815535002(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dame da watashi ni ha dekinai
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Card ID: 1673815535004okashi: sweets, confections, candy
This is a different word for sweets, it's more specific than the "amaimono" of the last card. Note that particles are missing again (e.g. okashi ha/ga).
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Card ID: 1673815535008Well, as for me, [I am your] teacher. (conversation continues on next card)
The speaker is the teacher of some kids, who invited her to join their all girls gossip meeting. She wants to refuse and gives the reason here.
Remember: The explanatory "no" requires a "na" before it, if it's used together with a noun, otherwise it would imply there's an attribute / possession linked to the teacher, that's clear from context and thus omitted.
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Card ID: 1673815535010(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ano ne watashi ha sensei na no yo
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Card ID: 1673815535012Come on [teacher], only a little bit, sweets are there, too!
dake: only
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Card ID: 1673815535014(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nee sukoshi dake okashi mo arimasu yo
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Card ID: 1673815535016
Additions to the question marker "ka"
As you might remember from previous examples, questions in Japanese often don't require the question marker. Just from the intonation, you usually hear, if somebody asks a question. This is particularly the case for casual Japanese, where the question marker is usually omitted. It's important to keep this in mind, Tae Kim explains this
here.
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Card ID: 1673815535018
The question marker "ka" in relative clauses
A relative clause ending on "ka" allows you to talk about a certain question, this will be introduced on the following cards.
Remark: Tae Kim and most other websites introduce relative clauses mostly as sentences that act as adjectives in order to describe
nouns. This is, however, often not the case for relative clauses ending on "ka". Here, the relative clause usually does not describe a noun, but the sentence continues with a verb. Don't worry if this sounds overly technical, just keep in mind, what a relative clause usually is:
A subsentence embedded into a larger sentence.Don't worry about this technical grammar fuss, the following sentence are quite easy (I hope)!
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Card ID: 1673815535020I have no idea what [you are talking] about. -> Here, the conversation revolves around the
question of what a certain thing or matter actually is. The speaker doesn't understand and says: I don't understand the question of "what matter is it?".
A relative clause (i.e. a subsentence embedded into a larger sentence) ending on "ka" allows to talk about a certain question.
Relative clause: "nan no koto da ka - what matter is it?"
"Main" sentence: "wakaranai - I don't understand".
Note that "wakaru" means to understand or comprehend something. To just "know" something is "shiru" in Japanese, keep this in mind for the following examples.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/question#_used_in_relative_clauses
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Card ID: 1673815535022(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nan no koto da ka wakaranai
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Card ID: 1673815535024Here, the conversation revolves around the
question of where someone went, the speaker asks: Do you understand where he went?
A relative clause (i.e. a subsentence embedded into a larger sentence) ending on "ka" allows to talk about a certain question.
Relative clause: "doko ni itta ka - where did [he] go?"
"Main" sentence: "wakarimasu - do you know?" (Listen to the intonation, it's a question).
Note that "wakaru" means to understand or comprehend something. To just "know" something is "shiru" in Japanese, keep this in mind for the following examples.
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Card ID: 1673815535026(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
doko ni itta ka wakarimasu
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Card ID: 1673815535028Here, the conversation revolves around the
question of where someone is. The speaker says: [I know where he was yesterday] but I don't understand where he is now.
A relative clause (i.e. a subsentence embedded into a larger sentence) ending on "ka" allows to talk about a certain question.
Relative clause: "ima ha doko ni iru ka - as for now, where is [he]?"
"Main" sentence: "wakaranai kedo - but I don't understand".
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Card ID: 1673815535030(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ima ha doko ni iru ka wakannee kedo
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Card ID: 1673815535032Here, the conversation revolves around the
question of what someone did. The speaker wants to understand and asks: Do you understand what [he] did? Maybe someone did a complicated task.
A relative clause (i.e. a subsentence embedded into a larger sentence) ending on "ka" allows to talk about a certain question.
Relative clause: "nani wo shita ka - what did [he] do?"
"Main" sentence: "wakarimasu ka - do you know?"
Do you get the pattern? The essence is this: When you want to talk about a certain question, you explicitly include it as relative clause (i.e. subsentence). I add more sentences, but keep the explanations shorter on the next cards. If you need more explanations, please drop me a message using the question links.
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Card ID: 1673815535034(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani wo shita ka wakarimasu ka
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Card ID: 1673815535036You
understand what happened, don't you?!
Relative clause: "nani ga atta ka - what was there? what happened?"
"Main" sentence: "wakaru yo na - you know, don't you!?"
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Card ID: 1673815535038(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani ga atta ka wakaru yo na
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Card ID: 1673815535040Did [you] understand who I am?
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Card ID: 1673815535042(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ga dare da ka wakatta ka
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Card ID: 1673815535044I don't understand why [that] is ok.
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Card ID: 1673815535046(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
doushite ii no ka wakaranai
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Card ID: 1673815535048Do [you] understand where [we] are? Sounds like they are in some special place.
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Card ID: 1673815535050(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
doko ni iru ka wakaru ka
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Card ID: 1673815535052[I know where he is now], but [I] don't understand where [he] heads towards.
mukau: to go towards; to head towards
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Card ID: 1673815535054(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
doko ni mukau no ka wakaranai kedo
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Card ID: 1673815535056[I just] don't understand what [I] would do myself [if they were dating].
We already had "jibun" on earlier cards, it has a funny dictionary definition: "myself; yourself; oneself; himself; herself". It refers to "someone self" in general.
Ignore the "ka na" ending for now.
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Card ID: 1673815535058(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
jibun ga nani wo suru ka wakaranai ka na
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Card ID: 1673815535060[She behaves weird, ] but [I] don't know what happened.
A sentence with "shiru - to know":
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Card ID: 1673815535062(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani ga atta ka shiranai kedo saa
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Card ID: 1673815535064... but I don't know why [he] had interest [in something].
kyoumi: interest
motsu: to carry
kyoumi wo motsu: to have interest in something
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Card ID: 1673815535066(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nande kyoumi motta no ka shiranai kedo
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Card ID: 1673815535068[You] don't know where the others went, do you?
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Card ID: 1673815535070(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
minna doko ni itta ka shiranai ka na
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Card ID: 1673815535072[I know what happened] but [I] forgot when it was.
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Card ID: 1673815535074(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
itsu datta ka wasureta kedo
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Card ID: 1673815535076
Other uses of the -te form
Refresher: The -te form is built for verbs by taking the past tense and replacing the last ta by te (or da by de), e.g. taberu -> tabeta -> tabete. We already learned that it can be used to chain multiple verbs (and sentences) together, meaning "and" (e.g. I eat, drink and sleep). Read more on this
here.
For verbs, the -te form has many other uses we will check now, the pattern is always the same:
Take some verb, put it to the -te form and attach another (special) verb. I am calling the attached verbs "special" here, because these constructs have special use cases. Learn more on the following cards. The -te form can be used for complex constructs, so I'll add a lot of examples to get you prepared. The most complicated ones will be added at the very end of this course - I found these to be one of the most difficult parts of the Japanese language.
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Card ID: 1673815535080(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani wo kangaete iru no ka
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Card ID: 1673815535088(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koko de nani wo shite iru
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Card ID: 1673815535090As for you, you are strong [among other things] and are doing well (physical action, because "yaru" is used here. The speaker is referring to the listener's fighting skills).
verb in te-form + iru: Enduring state or action, similar to the English "-ing" form. It is used for both animate and inanimate things.
Friendly reminder: "omae" is super often used in anime but most likely will sound rude in "real" Japanese.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/teform#Using_for_enduring_states
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Card ID: 1673815535092(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omae ha tsuyoi shi yoku yatte iru sa
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Card ID: 1673815535100(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shitsumon wo shite iru no ha kocchi da
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Card ID: 1673815535108(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha itsumo kimi wo mite iru
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Card ID: 1673815535110As for him, [he's] waiting for me.
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Card ID: 1673815535112(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kare ha boku wo matte iru
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Card ID: 1673815535114What [are you] saying?
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Card ID: 1673815535116(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani wo hanashite iru
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Card ID: 1673815535118[I'm] dreaming (see next card).
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Card ID: 1673815535122[It's a] waiting-for-someone-dream.
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Card ID: 1673815535124(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dareka wo matte iru yume
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Card ID: 1673815535126What [are you] doing in my house?
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Card ID: 1673815535128(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi no ie de nani wo shite iru
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Card ID: 1673815535130Someone is calling me.
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Card ID: 1673815535132(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dare ka ga ore wo yonde iru
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Card ID: 1673815535134What [are you] planning? (Not in a sense of "planning for tomorrow", rather in a mischievous way).
takuramu: to scheme; to plan; to play a trick
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Card ID: 1673815535136(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani wo takurande iru
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Card ID: 1673815535138Until now, what were [you] doing?
The "-te iru" construct can be conjugated by conjugating "iru". Here, "ita" is past tense, which refers to an ongoing action or state in the past.
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Card ID: 1673815535140(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ima made nani wo shite ita
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Card ID: 1673815535142[I] was thinking the whole time.
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Card ID: 1673815535146[I] was thinking about what [I] can do myself the whole time (note the relative clause ending on "ka" here).
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Card ID: 1673815535148(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
jibun ni nani ga dekiru ka wo zutto kangaete ita
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Card ID: 1673815535150As for her, [she] was laughing.
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Card ID: 1673815535152(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kanojo ha waratte ita
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Card ID: 1673815535154As for her, [she] was always laughing.
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Card ID: 1673815535156(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kanojo ha itsumo waratte ita
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Card ID: 1673815535158As for this guy, what is [he] thinking?
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Card ID: 1673815535160(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kono otoko nani wo kangaete iru
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Card ID: 1673815535162The thing that [I] was thinking [was this:...].
Here, the speaker is referring to something she has just said out loud to a larger audience. She's explaining why she said this by saying: The thing that [I] thought [while saying what I said was this: ...]
kakegurui, s1e9 - 16:50
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Card ID: 1673815535164(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ga omotte ita koto
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Card ID: 1673815535166As for now, [someone] is doing his best at Tokyo university.
To get teineigo, just conjugate "iru".
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Card ID: 1673815535168(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ima ha toukyou no daigaku de ganbatte imasu
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Card ID: 1673815535172(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha itsu demo anata wo matte imasu
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Card ID: 1673815535174[Something] was missing from the room.
To get teineigo, just conjugate "iru".
Remark: "iru" means to be there, to exist for animate/living things. However, "-te iru" in its role of describing an ongoing state is also used for inanimate things. Therefore, it is not necessarily a person that has disappeared from the room.
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Card ID: 1673815535176(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
heya kara nakunatte imashita
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Card ID: 1673815535178[He] didn't see that ocean over there?
There's also a negative "-te iru". It's all pretty easy, just conjugate the "iru".
Remark: Confusing is the tense here: In English, you'd use past tense, but here not seeing the ocean in the past is expressed by "mite inai" in this case. It's from Fate/Zero, Ep 13, around 18:00 if you want to check yourself. If this bothers you, just translate the sentence as "he's not seeing the ocean over there" - Judging from the image, it's foggy there after all ;).
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Card ID: 1673815535180(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ano umi wo mite inai
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Card ID: 1673815535182As for me, [I am] not doing anything [about it].
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Card ID: 1673815535184(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha nanimo shite inai
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Card ID: 1673815535186[Do you] know this?
It's important to keep in mind that "-te iru" describes not only ongoing actions, but also ongoing
states. States often do not directly translate to the English progressive forms. This is covered on the following cards, also refer to Tae Kim's explanation.
"To know" refers to the ongoing state of knowing something. So in Japanese, the term "shitte iru" is quite common, while in English you'd rather not say "I'm knowing this".
Note how similar the te-forms of suru - shite and shiru - shitte sound, it's easy to mix them up when listening to something.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/enduring.html#part2
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Card ID: 1673815535188(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kore wo shitte iru ka
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Card ID: 1673815535190Why [do you] know me?
It's important to keep in mind that "-te iru" describes not only ongoing actions, but also ongoing
states. States often do not directly translate to the English progressive forms. This is covered on the following cards, also refer to Tae Kim's explanation.
"To know" refers to the ongoing state of knowing something. So in Japanese, the term "shitte iru" is quite common, while in English you'd rather not say "I'm knowing this".
Note how similar the te-forms of suru - shite and shiru - shitte sound, it's easy to mix them up when listening to something.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/enduring.html#part2
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Card ID: 1673815535192(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
naze watashi wo shitte iru
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Card ID: 1673815535194As for that answer, you know it!
It's important to keep in mind that "-te iru" describes not only ongoing actions, but also ongoing
states. States often do not directly translate to the English progressive forms. This is covered on the following cards, also refer to Tae Kim's explanation.
"To know" refers to the ongoing state of knowing something. So in Japanese, the term "shitte iru" is quite common, while in English you'd rather not say "I'm knowing this".
Note how similar the te-forms of suru - shite and shiru - shitte sound, it's easy to mix them up when listening to something.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/enduring.html#part2
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Card ID: 1673815535196(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sono kotae ha kimi ga shitte iru
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Card ID: 1673815535198As for that, [I] got it -> literally: I'm understanding it, but this doesn't make sense in English. The sentence refers to a continuing state of understanding.
wakaru - to understand also refers to an ongoing state. Refer to Tae Kim's short remark on shiru vs. wakaru
here.
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Card ID: 1673815535200(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore ha wakatte imasu
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Card ID: 1673815535202[You] understand what will happen, don't you.
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Card ID: 1673815535204(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dou naru ka wakatte iru na
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Card ID: 1673815535206[I] arrived.
tsuku: to arrive (other tsuku / uso)
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Card ID: 1673815535210[Don't worry] because [we] soon arrive at the apartment building. Maybe it's raining...
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Card ID: 1673815535212(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mousugu manshon tsukimasu kara ne
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Card ID: 1673815535214The fight had already been settled / decided -> Here, the speaker is supposed to kill someone to settle a fight, but he refuses and declares that he has already won.
shoubu: match; contest; victory or defeat
tsuku: This has many
meanings, in this case it means to be settled; to be resolved; to be decided
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Card ID: 1673815535216(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shoubu ha mou tsuite ita
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Card ID: 1673815535218[Oh, they are in bed already? I guess it's because they] had become tired.
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Card ID: 1673815535220(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tsukarete imashita no ne
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Card ID: 1673815535222[You] are not noticing it?
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Card ID: 1673815535226But as for you, you are being left behind.
nokoru: to remain; to be left
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Card ID: 1673815535228(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo anata ha nokotte iru
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Card ID: 1673815535230But as for me, [I] wasn't noticing.
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Card ID: 1673815535232(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo boku ha kidzuite inakatta
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Card ID: 1673815535234wakatteru: contraction of wakatte iru.
In spoken Japanese, the "i" of the iru is often omitted, especially in casual speech. This confused me a lot, because the resulting words almost look like standalone verbs.
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Card ID: 1673815535238matteru: contraction of matte iru.
In spoken Japanese, the "i" of the iru is often omitted, especially in casual speech. This confused me a lot, because the resulting words almost look like standalone verbs.
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Card ID: 1673815535242shitteru: contraction of shitte iru.
In spoken Japanese, the "i" of the iru is often omitted, especially in casual speech. This confused me a lot, because the resulting words almost look like standalone verbs.
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Card ID: 1673815535246tatakatteru: contraction of tatakatte iru.
In spoken Japanese, the "i" of the iru is often omitted, especially in casual speech. This confused me a lot, because the resulting words almost look like standalone verbs.
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Card ID: 1673815535250[He's] coming.
kiteru: contraction of kite iru.
In spoken Japanese, the "i" of the iru is often omitted, especially in casual speech. This confused me a lot, because the resulting words almost look like standalone verbs.
This is from "kuru", press r to play the audio again and remember the pronunciation for the next card.
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Card ID: 1673815535254[Are you] listening?
kiiteru: contraction of kiite iru.
In spoken Japanese, the "i" of the iru is often omitted, especially in casual speech. This confused me a lot, because the resulting words almost look like standalone verbs.
kuru (to come) -> kite iru
kiku (to hear, to ask) -> kiite iru
The te-forms almost sound the same.
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Card ID: 1673815535258[Are you] listening to the conversation of the people?
In spoken Japanese, the "i" of the iru is often omitted, especially in casual speech. This confused me a lot, because the resulting words almost look like standalone verbs.
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Card ID: 1673815535260(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hito no hanashi kiiteru
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Card ID: 1673815535262[They are] laughing?
waratteru: contraction of waratte iru.
In spoken Japanese, the "i" of the iru is often omitted, especially in casual speech. This confused me a lot, because the resulting words almost look like standalone verbs.
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Card ID: 1673815535266[I] don't understand what [she] is thinking.
wakaranee - slang for wakaranai.
[It's no good]. [I] don't understand what [you're] thinking.
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Card ID: 1673815535268(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dame da nani kangaeteru no ka wakaranee
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Card ID: 1673815535270[I] wonder what everyone is thinking about me.
darou: I wonder -> covered in more detail later.
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Card ID: 1673815535272(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
minna watashi no koto dou omotteru n darou
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Card ID: 1673815535274[You] are wounded, aren't you?
kega: wound, injury
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Card ID: 1673815535276(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kega shiteru janai ka
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Card ID: 1673815535278As for part time job thing, do [your] parents know?
goryoushin: teineigo for parents (ryoushin)
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Card ID: 1673815535280(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
baito no koto goryoushin ha shitteru no
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Card ID: 1673815535282You also came [and were there afterwards]?
kiteta: contraction of kite ita. Unfortunately, omitting the "i" works for all possible conjugations ;).
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Card ID: 1673815535284(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omae mo kiteta no ka
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Card ID: 1673815535286[I] had heard [it] but don't understand.
wakannai is a slangy written form for wakaranai.
kiiteta: contraction of kiite ita. Unfortunately, omitting the "i" works for all possible conjugations ;).
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Card ID: 1673815535288(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kiiteta kedo imi wakannai desu
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Card ID: 1673815535290Really, everybody was doing [their] best.
ganbatteta: contraction of ganbatte ita. Unfortunately, omitting the "i" works for all possible conjugations ;).
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Card ID: 1673815535292(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hontou minna ganbatteta wa ne
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Card ID: 1673815535294As for me, [I] completely understand.
mitai: seems like -> covered again later.
wakattemasu: contraction of wakatte imasu. Unfortunately, omitting the "i" works for all possible conjugations ;).
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Card ID: 1673815535296(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore zenbu wakattemasu mitai na
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Card ID: 1673815535298[Someone] was writing a letter.
(Keep this sentence in mind for the next cards)
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Card ID: 1673815535302What [are you] drawing / writing?
(Keep this sentence in mind for the next cards)
Remark: "kaku" means both writing and painting / drawing.
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Card ID: 1673815535306[Something] is written here [the process of writing is completed and now the everything stays to be written down].
Here, we have kaite (from kaku: to write) + aru. This combination describes the state
after a certain action was completed, not the ongoing action itself. The sentence means:
Using "te iru" instead (koko ni kaite imasu) the sentence would mean: The writing is ongoing at the moment, someone "is writing".
Something I found a bit confusing here is the fact that both "-te iru" and "-te aru" describe states. The difference is that "-te aru" describes the state
after an action completed and usually translates to the English passive voice (writing vs. was written).
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/teform#Using_for_resultant_stateshttps://www.japanesepod101.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=845
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Card ID: 1673815535312(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koko ni kaite aru janai ka
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Card ID: 1673815535316(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nomimono ha katte aru
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Card ID: 1673815535322Where is it glued [the picture these folks are searching]?
haru: to stick; to paste; to affix
-te form + aru: Resulting state after an action completed (not the ongoing action itself).
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Card ID: 1673815535326As for today's sweets, what is it?
Seems like they're meeting and snacking on a regular basis.
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Card ID: 1673815535328(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sorede oneesan kyou no okashi ha nani desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815535330It's a bit hard to directly translate this to English and fully capture the meaning of "-te aru": She has sweets available that she had prepared herself earlier, i.e. the sentence refers to the state after the preparation was finished.
tsukuru: to make; to produce; to manufacture
-te form + aru: Resulting state after an action completed (not the ongoing action itself).
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Card ID: 1673815535334Are the preparations completed?
youi: preparation; arrangements
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Card ID: 1673815535338I immediately prepare beverages.
sugu: immediately; at once; right away
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Card ID: 1673815535340(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nomimono sugu youi suru kara
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Card ID: 1673815535342The preparations have been completed.
You could also say: "youi ha dekita", which just means that some preparations where completed. This sentence puts more emphasis on the resulting state. If this is too hard to understand without context, just keep in mind: -te form + aru = resulting state after an action completed.
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Card ID: 1673815535346My name is written down [here -> on the thing the kid is handing over].
-te form + aru: resulting state after an action completed, it is conjugated using "aru".
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Card ID: 1673815535348(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku no namae ga kaite arimasu
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Card ID: 1673815535350I wonder if something was written in that letter.
The "I wonder if" is a result of "..no ka na", listen to the intonation.
The "no" here is again the explanatory one: Together with the question, this emphasizes that the speaker is looking for an explanation.
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Card ID: 1673815535352(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yappari ano tegami ni nanika kaite atta no ka na
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Card ID: 1673815535354[I] place [it] here.
oku: to put, to place
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Card ID: 1673815535358Where did [I] put [it]?!
oku: to put, to place
-kke: indicates that the speaker is trying to recall some information
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Card ID: 1673815535364(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo nanika kangaete oku ne
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Card ID: 1673815535376(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
naisho ni shite oku ne
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Card ID: 1673815535384(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
gohan atatamete oku ka
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Card ID: 1673815535386[I] put [it] here [for later].
Interestingly, "oku" can be connected to itself using the "te oku"-pattern. The first oku simply means: "To put" and the second one indicates, that this is done in preparation for the future. Note that the second oku is conjugated here.
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Card ID: 1673815535388(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koko ni oite okimasu ne
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Card ID: 1673815535390[It's] bad, but [I] put [it] here for later.
warui: bad, poor, undesireable, but also: sorry; (my) bad; unforgivable
"warui" is an interesting word. It means "bad, poor" most of the time but is also a way for apologizing in Japanese meaning "sorry; (my) bad; unforgivable". Just have a look at the
dictionary.
Interestingly, "oku" can be connected to itself using the "te oku"-pattern. The first oku here is conjugated to "oite" and simply means "to put", while the second one indicates that this is done in preparation for the future.
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Card ID: 1673815535392(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
warui kedo koko ni oite oku wa yo
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Card ID: 1673815535394[I] make tea.
ireru: to put in; to let in; to take in; to bring in
Note that in the context of tea of coffee, "ocha/kohii wo ireru" simply means: to make coffee or tea. This is covered in a nice instructional video in about 1000 cards.
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Card ID: 1673815535398[I] put food [into the box for later]. Maybe she's trying to send him somewhere by mail, weird...
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Card ID: 1673815535402[I] search [for it, such that you have it back later].
"-te oku": To do something in preparation of the future.
sagasu: to search
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Card ID: 1673815535406[He is still mad] but [I] apologized [in order be good again].
Just an example for "te oku" with oku in past tense. I'll add some more examples in a different context later. The "ga" here is the contrasting one meaning "but / even though".
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Card ID: 1673815535408(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yoku ayamatte oita ga
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Card ID: 1673815535410Think about it [e.g. about accepting an offer].
Sometimes the "e" in "te oku"-constructions is omitted, I found these forms often hard to understand in the beginning. Just as for the omitted "i" in "-te iru", these contractions look like standalone verbs.
kangaetoku: contraction of kangaete oku
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Card ID: 1673815535414[I] return [it, so that you have it back agan in the future].
Sometimes the "e" in "te oku"-constructions is omitted, I found these forms often hard to understand in the beginning. Just as for the omitted "i" in "-te iru", these contractions look like standalone verbs.
kaeshitoku: contraction of kaeshite oku
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Card ID: 1673815535418Ok, then [I] put it / leave it here [it's better if I keep it at my place in the future].
Sometimes the "e" in "te oku"-constructions is omitted, I found these forms often hard to understand in the beginning. Just as for the omitted "i" in "-te iru", these contractions look like standalone verbs.
oitoku: contraction of oite oku
ja/じゃ: Then, well
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Card ID: 1673815535422Sweets also [should be] prepared [for later].
Sometimes the "e" in "te oku"-constructions is omitted, I found these forms often hard to understand in the beginning. Just as for the omitted "i" in "-te iru", these contractions look like standalone verbs.
shitoku: contraction of shite oku
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Card ID: 1673815535424(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
o okashi mo youi shitoku ne
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Card ID: 1673815535426[Should we] try to go [in there] or more literal: Go and see?
-te form + miru: To try something out in the sense: “To give something a try and see how it goes”. Note that it does not mean "to try hard" in most cases, Japanese has a different expression for that covered later.
Reminder: miru = to see
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/try#To_try_something_out
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Card ID: 1673815535430[Should I] try to help? Or, depending on the context: [Can you] try to help [me]?
-te form + miru: To try something out in the sense: “To give something a try and see how it goes”. Note that it does not mean "to try hard" in most cases, Japanese has a different expression for that covered later.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/try#To_try_something_out
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Card ID: 1673815535440(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore mo ganbatte miru
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Card ID: 1673815535444(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
otousan ni kiite miru yo
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Card ID: 1673815535446[Do you want to] try to eat mine? -> Do you want to try my icecream?
-te form + miru: To try something out in the sense: “To give something a try and see how it goes”. Note that it does not mean "to try hard" in most cases, Japanese has a different expression for that covered later.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/try#To_try_something_out
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Card ID: 1673815535448(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi no tabete miru
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Card ID: 1673815535450[I] got it. [I] go home and try to think [about it].
-te form + miru: To try something out in the sense: “To give something a try and see how it goes”. Note that it does not mean "to try hard" in most cases, Japanese has a different expression for that covered later.
Here we have 3 verbs chained by the te-form: "Go home, think and see".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/try#To_try_something_out
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Card ID: 1673815535452(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
wakatta yo kaette kangaete miru
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Card ID: 1673815535454[I] try to ask which one was tasty -> I try to ask which one they liked.
-te form + miru: To try something out in the sense: “To give something a try and see how it goes”. Note that it does not mean "to try hard" in most cases, Japanese has a different expression for that covered later.
This also is a nice example for a relative clause ending on "ka". Remember: This allows you to talk about a question, the question of "dore ga oishikatta ka - which one was tasty?" in this case.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/try#To_try_something_out
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Card ID: 1673815535456(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dore ga oishikatta ka kiite miru no
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Card ID: 1673815535464(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo boku ha me wo tojite kangaete mita
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Card ID: 1673815535472(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
wakarimashita kiite mimasu
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Card ID: 1673815535476(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
wakarimashita sagashite mimasu
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Card ID: 1673815535480(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
wakarimashita mousukoshi matte mimasu
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Card ID: 1673815535484(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
naruhodo yatte mimasu
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Card ID: 1673815535496(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
panda kun ni kiite tsukutte mimashita
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Card ID: 1673815535498
-te form with motion verbs
The te-form may also be used with the motion verbs iku (to go) and kuru (to come) to indicate the direction of an action (towards or away from something). The rules here are simple:
- -te iku: directs the verb in te-form away from a place, persons or a point in time (for example from the present to the future).
- -te kuru: directs the verb in te-form towards a place, persons or a point in time (for example from the past to the present).
Here are two examples in advance, many more follow:
- "motsu - to hold, carry, take": "motte iku" means to take something away and "motte kuru" means to bring something along.
- "kaeru - to return, to go home": "kaette iku" means to go home (away from some place) and "kaette kuru" to return home.
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Card ID: 1673815535526(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore motte ikimasu ka
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Card ID: 1673815535538(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kondo osake demo motte ikimasu
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Card ID: 1673815535546(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
chikara ga nukete iku
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Card ID: 1673815535550(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku no jinsei ha kawatte iku
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Card ID: 1673815535554(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dandan tsuyoku natte iku
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Card ID: 1673815535566(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore mo korekara ganbatte iku kara
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Card ID: 1673815535572[I] come and search -> the searching is directed towards someone, maybe the speaker wants to help.
-te kuru: directs the verb in te-form
towards a place, persons or a point in time (for example from the past to the present).
If the speaker says this to someone who is currently near to him, it would mean: I search something and then come back. Or in other words: "-te kuru" very often means: "I do xxx and come back".
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Card ID: 1673815535576[I] forgot [my] drink. [I] go buy one and return.
-te kuru: directs the verb in te-form
towards a place, persons or a point in time (for example from the past to the present).
Especially the "-te kuru" construct very often means to do something and then return. I.e. saying "katte kuru" while at home, this means to go out and buy something (you have to go out to do this of course, as you're at home), but then you return. Remember the previous "katte iku"? In this case, the speaker does not return anywhere, he just goes out to buy an umbrella, maybe while on his way somewhere else.
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Card ID: 1673815535578(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nomimono wasureta katte kuru
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Card ID: 1673815535580[I] go and make tea -> note that "I go and do xxx" is expressed not using "go" but "come" in Japanese (by means of -te kuru).
ireru: to put in; to let in; to take in; to bring in
Note that in the context of tea of coffee, "ocha/kohii wo ireru" simply means: to make coffee or tea. This is covered in a nice instructional video in about 1000 cards.
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Card ID: 1673815535584[You] opponent continuously becomes stronger.
-te iku: directs the verb in te-form
away from a place, persons or a point in time (for example from the present to the future).
-te iku refers to a change over time / away from the current point in time, see
this page for more details.
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Card ID: 1673815535586(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
aite ha tsuyoku natte iku
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Card ID: 1673815535588[Something] became close.
-te kuru: directs the verb in te-form
towards a place, persons or a point in time (for example from the past to the present).
Here, "chikaku naru - to become close" is directed towards the current point in time. I'd say "natte iku/kuru" most of the time refer to a point in time.
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Card ID: 1673815535590(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
chikaku natte kita zo
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Card ID: 1673815535592[I am] also bringing [something] -> "motte kiteru -> motte kite iru" is the present progressive form of motte kuru.
Unfortunately, the "-te iku" constructions can be -te-connected further - "iku" is a verb and may be conjugated, after all! I found these chains of verbs to be one of the most difficult part to understand quickly by listening comprehension. I'll add more of them to the very end of this course, but this example gives you an idea how this looks like.
Just ignore this card, if it's still too difficult.
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Card ID: 1673815535594(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi mo motte kiteru wa yo
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Card ID: 1673815535596Why are [you] bringing [this]? -> "motte kiteru -> motte kite iru" is the present progressive form of motte kuru.
Unfortunately, the "-te iku" constructions can be -te-connected further - "iku" is a verb and may be conjugated, after all! I found these chains of verbs to be one of the most difficult part to understand quickly by listening comprehension. I'll add more of them to the very end of this course, but this example gives you an idea how this looks like.
Just ignore this card, if it's still too difficult.
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Card ID: 1673815535598(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nande motte kiteru no
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Card ID: 1673815535600A very interesting expression you might now understand better is this one: "itte kimasu" is a common phrase people in Japan say when leaving the house. It means "I go and come back".
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Card ID: 1673815535604The answer to "ittekimasu" from someone who stays at home is "itterasshai - take care". The grammar of this will be covered later though.
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Card ID: 1673815535608"shimatta" is past tense of "shimau". In pretty much all cases, this means: "Oh no, I screwed [something] up". Just look at the guy's face...
Interesting here is, that "shimau" is rarely used on its own. It almost always is used either in its past tense like on this card, or together with another verb in te-form (which comes next). Therefore I don't list its meanings in the deck, have a look at the
dictionary, if you're interested.
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Card ID: 1673815535612
Unintended actions
If combined with the verb "shimau", the -te form expresses unintended actions, e.g. "tabete shimau - I ate [it] by accident". The result of such an action often is unsatisfactory, but not always. Here are the possible meanings of -te shimau constructs using "tabete shimau" as example:
- I ate [it] by accident (e.g. an insect while cycling ;))
- I couldn't help but eat it (e.g. the eating happended sort of automatically because the food was so tasty).
- I ate it and the result is bad (e.g. you ate someone else's food)
This is confusing in the beginning because the meaning of the last point sort of differs from the first. However, that's usually easily clear from context. Again, "shimau" most of the time occurs together with another verb in -te form or as "shimatta - [I] messed [something] up", so I don't include the definitions from the dictionary.
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Card ID: 1673815535614[Do] you [want to] get off [the scooter]?
oriru: to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to come down
Remark: There are dedicated ways to express "want to", covererd in about 300 cards.
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Card ID: 1673815535618[These are] the clothes [I] liked most.
ichiban: number one; first; best; most
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Card ID: 1673815535620(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ichiban suki datta fuku da
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Card ID: 1673815535622[Someone is missing here. Don't worry] because [we] absolutely will find [her].
mitsukeru: to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book or someone who's missing), to locate
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Card ID: 1673815535624(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
zettai ni mitsukeru kara
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Card ID: 1673815535626When [I need to] go to the toilet, what [should I] do? -> The speaker is the girl on the bench, she wrapped her sleeping bag with foil to make it warmer and can't move anymore.
toki: time; hour; moment. One important use of this word is to express "when doing X, then", just as in this sentence. In such a construction, "toki" is always described by a preceding clause ("toire iku" in this case). More examples later...
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Card ID: 1673815535628(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kore toire iku toki dou suru no
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Card ID: 1673815535630To laugh (unintentionally). Note that "-te shimau" sounds rather formal, even though it's in plain form. The more casual forms will be covered a few cards later.
-te shimau: The verb in -te form was done unintentionally, often with bad or unsatisfactory result.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/unintended
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Card ID: 1673815535634[If we go there, we] will get killed (which of course is unintended and a pretty unsatisfactory result).
-te shimau: The verb in -te form was done unintentionally, often with bad or unsatisfactory result.
Note that "-te shimau" sounds rather formal, even though it's in plain form. The more casual forms will be covered a few cards later.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/unintended
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Card ID: 1673815535636(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
korosu koto ni natte shimau
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Card ID: 1673815535638[I am] defeated.
-te shimau: The verb in -te form was done unintentionally, often with bad or unsatisfactory result.
Note that "-te shimau" sounds rather formal, even though it's in plain form. The more casual forms will be covered a few cards later.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/unintended
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Card ID: 1673815535642[I] unintentionally heard [it]. Depending on the context, it could also mean: [He] heard [what I said, even though it was not intended for him].
-te shimau: The verb in -te form was done unintentionally, often with bad or unsatisfactory result.
Note that "-te shimau" sounds rather formal, even though it's in plain form. The more casual forms will be covered a few cards later.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/unintended
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Card ID: 1673815535646How / in what way will it go / become? The "shimau" here indicates that something out of the speaker's control changes.
-te shimau: The verb in -te form was done unintentionally, often with bad or unsatisfactory result.
Note that "-te shimau" sounds rather formal, even though it's in plain form. The more casual forms will be covered a few cards later.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/unintended
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Card ID: 1673815535650Well then, [it] comes out [e.g. the secret the listener wants to keep].
-te shimau: The verb in -te form was done unintentionally, often with bad or unsatisfactory result.
bareru: to leak out (a secret); to be exposed (a lie, improper behaviour, etc.)
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Card ID: 1673815535652(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore ja barete shimaimasu yo
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Card ID: 1673815535654[He] has changed [possibly to the bad].
-te shimau: The verb in -te form was done unintentionally, often with bad or unsatisfactory result.
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Card ID: 1673815535658Everthing is lost.
-te shimau: The verb in -te form was done unintentionally, often with bad or unsatisfactory result.
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Card ID: 1673815535660(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
subete nakunatte shimatta
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Card ID: 1673815535662[I can't get back] the time I lost.
-te shimau: The verb in -te form was done unintentionally, often with bad or unsatisfactory result.
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Card ID: 1673815535664(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ga ushinatte shimatta jikan
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Card ID: 1673815535666[I] wonder if [it] became strong again [maybe a monster the guy is fighting].
-te shimau: The verb in -te form was done unintentionally, often with bad or unsatisfactory result.
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Card ID: 1673815535668(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mata tsuyoku natte shimatta ka
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Card ID: 1673815535670meiwaku wo kakeru: to cause someone trouble. "kakeru" is a word with
many meanings, I'll add a few examples later.
-te shimau: The verb in -te form was done unintentionally, often with bad or unsatisfactory result.
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Card ID: 1673815535672(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
gomennasai meiwaku kakete shimaimasu
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Card ID: 1673815535674[I] became late.
-te shimau: The verb in -te form was done unintentionally, often with bad or unsatisfactory result.
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Card ID: 1673815535676(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
osoku natte shimatta
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Card ID: 1673815535678[I wonder] why [he] has changed that much.
-te shimau: The verb in -te form was done unintentionally, often with bad or unsatisfactory result.
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Card ID: 1673815535680(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
doushite sonnanikawatte shimatta no
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Card ID: 1673815535682My world has changed completely.
-te shimau: The verb in -te form was done unintentionally, often with bad or unsatisfactory result.
marude: quite; entirely; completely
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Card ID: 1673815535684(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi no sekai ha marude kawatte shimatta
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Card ID: 1673815535686[You're] lost, aren't you?
mayou: to lose one's way; to get lost
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Card ID: 1673815535690[I] got lost.
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Card ID: 1673815535694Are [you] lost?
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Card ID: 1673815535698[I] got lost -> now with a more negative connotation.
-te shimau: The verb in -te form was done unintentionally, often with bad or unsatisfactory result.
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Card ID: 1673815535706[I can't do this] because [I] will forget [it - the protagonist of this anime loses her memory every week].
In casual speech, the entire "-te shimau" is replaced by "chau". I.e. the "-te" of the -te form is omitted. The combination again looks like a standalone verb, I keep them separated for clarity.
wasure chau: short for wasurete shimau
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/unintended#Using_the_casual_version_of
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Card ID: 1673815535710[I] can't help but eat [it].
In casual speech, the entire "-te shimau" is replaced by "chau". I.e. the "-te" of the -te form is omitted. The combination again looks like a standalone verb, I keep them separated for clarity.
tabe chau: short for tabete shimau
Remark: In past tense (tabechatta) you could also translate this as "I ate [e.g. your sweets] by accident.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/unintended#Using_the_casual_version_of
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Card ID: 1673815535718[They] laugh, don't they! [e.g. the speaker mentioned something and didn't expect the audience to laugh].
In casual speech, the entire "-te shimau" is replaced by "chau". I.e. the "-te" of the -te form is omitted. The combination again looks like a standalone verb.
If the -te form contains a "tt" (warau -> waratte, i.e. prolonged pronunciation of the consonant "t"), the casual "chau" becomes "cchau", i.e. it also has a prolonged consonant. Reminder: In real Japanese, the small "tsu/っ"-character is used for expressing this, it prolongs pronunciation of the following consonant-based sound.
waracchau: short for waratte shimau
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/unintended#Using_the_casual_version_of
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Card ID: 1673815535722Do you really return / go home? Maybe the speaker said something that made the others go home, so their return is unexpected.
In casual speech, the entire "-te shimau" is replaced by "chau". I.e. the "-te" of the -te form is omitted. The combination again looks like a standalone verb.
If the -te form contains a "tt" (warau -> waratte, i.e. prolonged pronunciation of the consonant "t"), the casual "chau" becomes "cchau", i.e. it also has a prolonged consonant. Reminder: In real Japanese, the small "tsu/っ"-character is used for expressing this, it prolongs pronunciation of the following consonant-based sound.
kaecchau: short for kaette shimau
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/unintended#Using_the_casual_version_of
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Card ID: 1673815535724(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hontouni kaecchau no
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Card ID: 1673815535726How will [it] become / turn out, I wonder? [There are things going on which are out of the speaker's control, i.e. the "naru" happens automatically].
In casual speech, the entire "-te shimau" is replaced by "chau". I.e. the "-te" of the -te form is omitted. The combination again looks like a standalone verb.
If the -te form contains a "tt" (warau -> waratte, i.e. prolonged pronunciation of the consonant "t"), the casual "chau" becomes "cchau", i.e. it also has a prolonged consonant. Reminder: In real Japanese, the small "tsu/っ"-character is used for expressing this, it prolongs pronunciation of the following consonant-based sound.
nacchau: short for natte shimau
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/unintended#Using_the_casual_version_of
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Card ID: 1673815535732(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kore mi chatta kara ne
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Card ID: 1673815535736(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku kidzuichatta yo
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Card ID: 1673815535742[I] became sick of convenience store [food] (the "food" you can buy there often is instant stuff like cup ramen. No wonder she became sick of it).
The "chau"-part may be conjugated to past tense.
aki chatta: short for akite shimatta (akiru - to grow sick of something)
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535744(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
konbini akichatta no yo
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Card ID: 1673815535748(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omae ga shinde shimau zo
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Card ID: 1673815535762
Summay: -te form with special verbs
- -te iru: Indicates continuous action or state, similar to the English "-ing" form, e.g. tabete iru - I am eating.
- -te aru: Indicates the resulting state after an action completed (not the ongoing action itself), e.g. kaite aru - something was written (and now the text is there).
- -te oku: Indicates that something is done as preparation for the future or with the future in mind, e.g. tabete oku - I eat a lot such that I'll not be hungry again soon.
- -te miru: To try something out in the sense: “To give something a try and see how it goes” (usually not: to try hard). E.g. tabete miru - I try to eat this.
- -te iku: "iku" directs the verb in te-form away from a place, persons or a point in time (for example from the present to the future). E.g. tabete iku - I go out to eat.
- -te kuru "kuru" directs the verb in te-form towards a place, persons or a point in time (for example from the present to the future). E.g. tabete kuru - I come to eat.
- -te shimau: Indicates that the verb in -te form was done unintentionally, often with bad or unsatisfactory result.
I will pick these forms up again at the very end of this course. They itself can be conjugated to quite complicated constructions. Gaining an intuitive understanding of this was one of the most difficult things for me.
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Card ID: 1673815535764
Congratulations, you finished 50% of Tae Kim's book
In addition to the grammar, you learned
542 words, great!
The fourth version of this course ended here, in the meantime I added more cards. If you like the course, please rate it on
Ankiweb. If you don't like it, please send me some suggestions for improvement: joe@japanese-like-a-breeze.com. Thanks!
Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815535766
Potential form
Next, we'll have a look at how to express the ability to do or to perform a certain action. In Japanese, this is done by conjugating the verb. Quick recap: Japanese has two different verb types:
- -ru verbs:They always end on "ru/る", e.g. taberu.
- "u"-verbs:They end on any other u-vowel character: "u/う (kau), ku/く (kaku), su/す (hanasu), tsu/つ (matsu), nu/ぬ (shinu), bu/ぶ (yobu), mu/む (sumu)". Sometimes, they also end on "ru/る", e.g. wakaru.
Keeping this in mind might help a bit on the following cards. Key message for now is: Don't worry about the -u verbs ending on ru!
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Card ID: 1673815535782(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nigerareru no watashitachi
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Card ID: 1673815535786(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
wasurerareru mono ka
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Card ID: 1673815535794(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
zenbu taberareru no ka
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Card ID: 1673815535798(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hitori de taberareru wa yo
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Card ID: 1673815535804[I] get off [the bus] here.
oriru: to go down, to descent, to get off (e.g. the bus)
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535814(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
oishii kara ikurademo taberareru yo
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Card ID: 1673815535822(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ha kimerareru no ka
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Card ID: 1673815535828[They] got all of us.
IMPORTANT: There was a mistake on this card in the past. I had explained "yarareru" potential form of "yaru". However, it is the passive form - sorry for that and more on this later! Just ignore this card for now if it confuses you, this is explained again later.
yarareta often just means "got me", read more
here.
Verbs conjugated to the potential & passive form can be further conjugated, they act as regular verbs. In fact, many of them have their own entry in the dictionary.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535832[We] were able to see [it].
Verbs conjugated to the potential form can be further conjugated, they act as regular verbs. In fact, many of them have their own entry in the dictionary.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535836[I] am able to eat [this].
Verbs conjugated to the potential form can be further conjugated, they act as regular verbs. In fact, many of them have their own entry in the dictionary.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535840Can [we] talk?
hanaseru: potential form of hanasu
For -u verbs (everything not ending on "ru" and some irregulars ending on "ru"), replace "u" with "eru" to get the potential form.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535844I swim.
oyogu: to swim
If the emphasis on "I" is weird: The anime is about a swim club and the guy might replace someone in a competition.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535848[I wonder if] he can swim?
oyogeru: potential form of oyogu
For -u verbs (everything not ending on "ru" and some irregulars ending on "ru"), replace "u" with "eru" to get the potential form.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535852As for me I buy a guitar I can buy myself (maybe one she can afford).
For -u verbs (everything not ending on "ru" and some irregulars ending on "ru"), replace "u" with "eru" to get the potential form.
kaeru: potential form of kau. Note that "kaeru" also means "to return, to go home". Japanese has many of these so called homophones - words with almost equal pronunciation but different meaning. In written Japanese, they are easily separated because they are spelled with different kanji. During a conversation however, speakers unfortunately don't have speech bubbles popping up over their heads ;).
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535854(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi jibun de kaeru gita- wo kau
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Card ID: 1673815535856With this [we] can call assistance.
tasuke: help, assistance
yoberu: potential form of yobu
For -u verbs (everything not ending on "ru" and some irregulars ending on "ru"), replace "u" with "eru" to get the potential form.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535858(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kore de tasuke wo yoberu
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Card ID: 1673815535860With this [you] can fly.
toberu: potential form of tobu (to fly)
For -u verbs (everything not ending on "ru" and some irregulars ending on "ru"), replace "u" with "eru" to get the potential form.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535864Of course [we] climb!
noboru: to ascend; to go up; to climb
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535868[This hill is very steep] but somehow [I] can climb up.
nantoka: somehow
noboreru: potential form of noboru (to climb, to ascend)
For -u verbs (everything not ending on "ru" and some irregulars ending on "ru"), replace "u" with "eru" to get the potential form.
Here we have a -u verb ending on "ru".
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535870(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nantoka noboreru kedo
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Card ID: 1673815535872Can [you] do [it]?
We already had "dekiru" on previous cards. It's the potential form of "suru", one out of two irregulars.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535878[You] can't come?
korarenai: negative potential of kuru
kuru is the second out of two irregulars. The potential form is "korareru".
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535882[We] were able to come until here -> we were able to make it up to this point / this far.
korareta: past potential of kuru
kuru is the second out of two irregulars. The potential form is "korareru".
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535886Is [this] possible?
arieru: to be possible (it's loosely related to the potential form, maybe read Tae Kim's remark
here. Not a must though, just learn it as standalone word.)
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535890But as for that, [it's] possible.
arieru: to be possible (it's loosely related to the potential form, maybe read Tae Kim's remark
here. Not a must though, just learn it as standalone word.)
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535898Everything is in sight, [I] can see everything.
mieru: to be seen; to be in sight -> it's used in a very similar way than the potential form of miru (mirareru).
There are more ways to express the ability to see something than just the potential form (mirareru), e.g. the word "mieru - to be able to see". Tae Kim dedicated an own section to this.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/potential#Are_and_exceptions
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Card ID: 1673815535902[This guy] will be able to see a world I cannot see.
Here, The speaker is a runner participating in a competition. He's talking about a different runner, who is faster than him. So "world I cannot see" is probably something like the olympics. Interestingly, this sentence could also be translated to "I could see the world I was not able to see", depending on the context.
Suspend this card if it's still too difficult, it does not introduce anything new .
Together with a relative clause, "xxx-koto ga dekiru" is another way to express the ability to do something:
"Ore ga mirarenai sekai wo miru: to see the world I cannot see" is the relative clause in this case. Together with the rest the full sentence then literally means something like: [He] will be able to do the thing of seeing a world I cannot see.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/potential#Are_and_exceptions
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Card ID: 1673815535904(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ga mirarenai sekai wo miru koto ga dekiru
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Card ID: 1673815535906Can [you] hear the reply?
kikeru: potential form of kiku (to hear / to ask)
kotae: answer, reply
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535914
A remark on the potential form
I found it hard to recognize the potential form in the beginning: For "-rareru" cases (-ru verbs), this could also be the passive, the conjugation is the same. For -u verbs the potential forms are often found as standalone dictionary entries, at least on jisho.org. So in many cases, I just learned them as standalone words and only later realized it was the potential form of some other verb I had not yet known. As always, I recommend to worry not too much about grammar here and to just keep going. Moreover, for understanding a sentence it is often enough to get the meaning of the verb without the exact grammar.
Most difficult here was that conjugations again can be chained to insane constructions, which are usually not found in a text book. Consider e.g. "korarenakattara": It's kuru -> korareru -> korarenai -> korarenakatta -> korarenakattara (we didn't cover the last one yet, the past tense is a conjugation helper here) and means: "if [you] cannot come". I'm collecting these and add a longer list at the end of this course.
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Card ID: 1673815535916If [you] don't eat [this] today, it will be not tasty [tomorrow].
Next, we learn how to say "if" in Japanese. One out of four (!) ways is to use the particle "to" in the following sense:
[condition] to [result], which means: Whenever [condition] is fulfilled, [result] will
for sure happen. Note that this often translates to "when/whenever xxx then yyy" instead of "if xxx then yyy" in English.
condition: kyou tabenai (don't eat today)
result: oishikunaku naru (will become untasty, refresher: oishii -> oshikunai -> oishikunaku (adverb describing the verb "naru")
References:
https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/how-conditionals-work/http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/conditionals
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Card ID: 1673815535918(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou tabenai to oishikunaku naru wa
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Card ID: 1673815535922(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore inai to tabun komaru shi
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Card ID: 1673815535926(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
isoganai to kuraku naru na
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Card ID: 1673815535930(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yatte minai to wakannai desho
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Card ID: 1673815535934(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
itte minai to wakaranai darou
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Card ID: 1673815535938(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yappari tabenai to ookiku naranai no
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Card ID: 1673815535940If [something] is not a like-it thing, tasting meaning does not exist -> If I don't like something, it's pointless to eat / taste it.
[condition] to [result]: If [condition] is fulfilled, [result] will
for sure happen. Sometimes the translation "whenever xxx then yyy" fits better though.
ajiwau: to taste; to savor
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535942(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
suki na mono janai to ajiwau imi ga nai
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Card ID: 1673815535944As for me, if you are not there, I am lonely.
[condition] to [result]: If [condition] is fulfilled, [result] will
for sure happen. Sometimes the translation "whenever xxx then yyy" fits better though..
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535946(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ha omae ga inai to sabishii zo
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Card ID: 1673815535948If [you] see [it], you'll become happy (automatically: nacchau = natte shimau).
[condition] to [result]: If [condition] is fulfilled, [result] will
for sure happen. Sometimes the translation "whenever xxx then yyy" fits better though.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535950(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
miru to ureshiku nacchau ne
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Card ID: 1673815535952If [you] in the morning get up and see, [this scenery] is very beautiful.
[condition] to [result]: If [condition] is fulfilled, [result] will
for sure happen. Sometimes the translation "whenever xxx then yyy" fits better though.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535954(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
asa okite miru to sugoi kirei
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Card ID: 1673815535956Whenever [I] eat with everyone, [it's] tasty.
[condition] to [result]: If [condition] is fulfilled, [result] will
for sure happen. Sometimes the translation "whenever xxx then yyy" fits better though.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535958(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
minna de taberu to oishii ne
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Card ID: 1673815535960If [he] never comes here anymore, [I] don't care...
[condition] to [result]: If [condition] is fulfilled, [result] will
for sure happen. Sometimes the translation "whenever xxx then yyy" fits better though.
itsumademo: forever; for good; eternally
itsumademo + negative verb: never
shiranai in this case means "don't care", see
hereThe previous translation was too literal, corrected this in v14.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535962(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
itsumademo konai to shiranai kara ne
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Card ID: 1673815535964If this is not there, [I] can't sleep.
nerenai: slightly slangy negative potential form of neru: It's actually neru -> nerareru, but the "ra" of "rareru" can be omitted as explained by Tae Kim
here. He writes: It's common, but slang - don't get used to using this too much.
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Card ID: 1673815535966(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kore ga nai to nerenai no
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Card ID: 1673815535968If this is also not there, [I] can't sleep.
nerenai: slightly slangy negative potential form of neru: It's actually neru -> nerareru, but the "ra" of "rareru" can be omitted as explained by Tae Kim
here. He writes: It's common, but slang - don't get used to using this too much.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815535970(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kore mo nai to nerenai no
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Card ID: 1673815535972[I've got a problem] because if that [item] is not there, [I] can't do my job.
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Card ID: 1673815535974(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
are ga nai to shigoto ga dekinai kara na
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Card ID: 1673815535976If [we] can do [this] quickly, it's good.
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Card ID: 1673815535978(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hayaku dekiru to ii desu ne
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Card ID: 1673815535980It's good if the weather is good, isn't it?
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Card ID: 1673815535984It's good if this [story] is true.
Note the "da" before "to". If the condition is a noun or na-adjective, it usually has to be added before "to".
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Card ID: 1673815535986(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hontou da to ii kedo
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Card ID: 1673815535988I feel lonely if [I am] alone.
Note the "da" before "to". If the condition is a noun or na-adjective, it usually has to be added before "to". Note that "hitori - one person; being alone" is a noun.
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Card ID: 1673815535990(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hitori da to sabishikute
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Card ID: 1673815535992I feels calm/peaceful if [I] am alone.
Note the "da" before "to". If the condition is a noun or na-adjective, it usually has to be added before "to". Note that "hitori - one person, being alone" is a noun.
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Card ID: 1673815535994(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hitori da to shizuka da na
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Card ID: 1673815535996
A remark on the many "ifs"
I already mentioned it: In Japanese there are many ways to express "if a then b". Tae Kim breaks it down to four essential cases, but you can construct even more. What worked very well for me was to just map all of these cases to "if a then b" without worrying about the differences. You'll understand most materials if you do this and can worry about the differences later.
I'll explain the differences on the following cards, but if you don't fully get this, just stick to this simple rule.
Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815535998If [you ask for / are looking for] the staff room, it's over there.
The second way to express "if" is: [condition] nara [result]. Tae Kim calls this the "contextual condition", because the condition always requires a certain context in which it occurs. This context very often is a person saying a certain thing and you're drawing a conclusion from that: "If you say xxx, then I do yyy", or: "if you do xxx then I do yyy". The key difference to "to" is that we don't have a "natural consequence" of the form "whenever a then b" here.
Note that the "if" may not immediately visible here, it's sometimes hidden by what I put into square brackets.
References:
https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/how-conditionals-work/http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/conditionals
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Card ID: 1673815536000(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shokuinshitsu nara acchi desu kedo
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Card ID: 1673815536002If
you can do it, I can do it too.
The second way to express "if" is: [condition] nara [result]. Tae Kim calls this the "contextual condition", because the condition always requires a certain context in which it occurs. This context very often is a person saying a certain thing and you're drawing a conclusion from that: "If you say xxx, then I do yyy", or: "if you do xxx then I do yyy". The key difference to "to" is that we don't have a "natural consequence" of the form "whenever a then b" here.
References:
https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/how-conditionals-work/http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/conditionals
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Card ID: 1673815536004(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omae ga dekiru nara ore ni mo dekiru daro
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Card ID: 1673815536006If I [could go to] the same school, that would be good.
The second way to express "if" is: [condition] nara [result]. Tae Kim calls this the "contextual condition", because the condition always requires a certain context in which it occurs. This context very often is a person saying a certain thing and you're drawing a conclusion from that: "If you say xxx, then I do yyy", or: "if you do xxx then I do yyy". The key difference to "to" is that we don't have a "natural consequence" of the form "whenever a then b" here.
Note that there's no "da" between noun and nara here (strict rule for "nara").
References:
https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/how-conditionals-work/http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/conditionals
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Card ID: 1673815536008(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi mo onaji gakkou nara yokatta na
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Card ID: 1673815536012(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hanasu nara shizuka na tokoro ga ii to omotte
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Card ID: 1673815536016(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
namae nara mou watashi ga tsuketa
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Card ID: 1673815536020(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hanasu nara minna ni hanasanai ka
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Card ID: 1673815536024(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku nara doko demo nerareru kara
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Card ID: 1673815536028(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
asoko nara ie kara chikai shi
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Card ID: 1673815536032(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
umi ga aru tokoro nara omae mo ochitsuku
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Card ID: 1673815536036(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hontou nara kore ha watashi dake no mondai desu kara
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Card ID: 1673815536040(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
iku nara minna de ikimashou
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Card ID: 1673815536044(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koko ni itara abunai yo
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Card ID: 1673815536046If [I] think well, [I] was not supposed to be here [in this world].
Remark: This is the real meaning of the sentence (it's from Angel Beats, ep. 14 around 17:00), but a bit hard to translate accurately. Actually, this sentence is very difficult, but since the translation was wrong in the past, I leave it in for now. Let's break this down:
koko ni kuru koto ha nakatta - come-here thing was not, which in this case means: The actual reason that makes people come to a special world of the dead (that's where he currently is) did not exist for him. This is what translates to "I was not supposed to be here in the first place" in English.
If this is too weird, just ignore this card. It does not introduce anything new.On the other hand, "koko ni kita koto ha nai" would mean: came-here thing does not exist -> I didn't come here
The -tara form expresses a one time (or particular) result instead of the general consequence implied by "to". Construct it by
verb past tense + "ra". For the next ~20 cards, just translate this to the English "if" - I'll explain the differences between the forms afterwards.
References:
https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/how-conditionals-work/http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/conditionals
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Card ID: 1673815536048(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yoku kangaetara ore koko ni kuru koto ha nakatta n da yo na
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Card ID: 1673815536052(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo bokutachi ga nigetara minna
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Card ID: 1673815536056(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
minna no koto kangaetara kimochi ga atatakaku naru kara
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Card ID: 1673815536058Very interesting sentence, it means: I wonder where should I put this.
It takes a while to get used to the way this is expressed in Japanese. Maybe consider this:
koko ni oitara ii desu - it is ok if you put it here. Then add "ka"
koko ni oitara ii desu ka - is it ok if I put it here? Then replace the "koko - here" with "doko - where".
The -tara form expresses a one time (or particular) result instead of the general consequence implied by "to". Construct it by
verb past tense + "ra". For the next ~20 cards, just translate this to the English "if" - I'll explain the differences between the forms afterwards.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536060(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
doko ni oitara ii ka na
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Card ID: 1673815536062If something is there [question, problem, etc.], talk to me.
The -tara form expresses a one time (or particular) result instead of the general consequence implied by "to". Construct it by
verb past tense + "ra".
Again: The -te form can be used as order, covered later.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536064(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nanika attara watashi ni hanashite
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Card ID: 1673815536066If someone is currently being in trouble, [I will] go to help.
Hint: komaru -> komatte iru -> komatteru -> komattetara, i.e. this is komatte itara (if
currently being in trouble).
The -tara form expresses a one time (or particular) result instead of the general consequence implied by "to". Construct it by
verb past tense + "ra".
tasuke: help, assistance
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536068(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dare ka ga komattetara tasuke ni iku
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Card ID: 1673815536070If [it] again becomes dangerous, always call me.
yobe: command form of "yobu - to call". Introduced later, caution: can be rude.
The -tara form expresses a one time (or particular) result instead of the general consequence implied by "to". Construct it by
verb past tense + "ra".
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536072(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mata abunaku nattara itsu demo ore no koto yobe yo
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Card ID: 1673815536074If [you] fail, what will happen?
The -tara form expresses a one time (or particular) result instead of the general consequence implied by "to". Construct it by
verb past tense + "ra".
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536076(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shippai shitara dou naru
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Card ID: 1673815536078Thank you. If again something is there, [I'll] ask [you again].
The -tara form expresses a one time (or particular) result instead of the general consequence implied by "to". Construct it by
verb past tense + "ra".
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536080(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
arigatou mata nanika attara tanomu yo
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Card ID: 1673815536082[It's] totally bad if [we're] separated now.
hanareru: to be separated; to be apart; to be distant
also: to go away (from), so the sentence can also mean: it's bad if you leave now.
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Card ID: 1673815536084(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ima hanaretara zettai dame da yo
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Card ID: 1673815536086If [you] go home, don't [you] eat / have a meal?
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Card ID: 1673815536088(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kaettara gohan janai no
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Card ID: 1673815536090But if father hears [about this], it's terrible.
taihen: serious; grave; dreadful; terrible
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Card ID: 1673815536092(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
addemo otousan ga kiitara taihen da ne
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Card ID: 1673815536094If [it] becomes like this, I am also happy.
sou: in that way, like this (close to the listener: thing or point of view)
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Card ID: 1673815536096(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sou nattara watashi mo ureshii na
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Card ID: 1673815536098If you receive this, are [you] happy [about it]?
morau: to receive; to take; to accept
Remark: Giving and receiving is a bit complicated, the words used here imply certain directions. More in about 200 cards!
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Card ID: 1673815536100(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omae sore morattara ureshii no ka
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Card ID: 1673815536102If [you] become president, what [will you] do?
kaichou: president (of a society); chairman; especially in school anime you'll sometimes hear about a "seitokaichou", which is the head of the student council. I'd say that this applies here, too.
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Card ID: 1673815536104(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kaichou ni nattara nani wo shimasu ka
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Card ID: 1673815536106When [I] finish, [I] go shopping and return home.
owaru: to finish, to end
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Card ID: 1673815536108(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
owattara kaimono shite kaerimasu
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Card ID: 1673815536110If you can do as much as this, [it's] not a problem [for you to pass. Here, the speaker is a teacher and looking at a student's test results which have improved].
The last conditional is the "ba" form. For verbs, you build it by replacing the u-vowel ending with the corresponding e-vowel ending (u -> e, ku -> ke, ru -> re, etc.) and add "ba".
Or as a sloppy rule of thumb: If something ends on -eba, you most likely have this form. Again, translate it as general "if" for now, I'll explain the differences at the end of this section.
Remark: In this case, "dake" means "as much as", see
this link or
this link.
References:
https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/how-conditionals-work/http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/conditionals
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Card ID: 1673815536112(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kore dake yareba mondai nai na
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Card ID: 1673815536120(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hanaseba nagaku naru na
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Card ID: 1673815536124(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mireba sugu wakaru sa
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Card ID: 1673815536128(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mayoeba shinu to omotte ita
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Card ID: 1673815536132(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ii wa watashi ga shiraberu kara
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Card ID: 1673815536136(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koko made shirabeta no ka
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Card ID: 1673815536148(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yonda koto aru no ureshii ne
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Card ID: 1673815536152(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
un yondete naichatta yo
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Card ID: 1673815536156(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yomeba wakaru zettai ni
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Card ID: 1673815536160(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
umaku ikeba minna tasukarimasu
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Card ID: 1673815536164(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
minna de kueba umai ne
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Card ID: 1673815536168(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku wo koroseba subete ga owaru
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Card ID: 1673815536180(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
karada ga ookikereba tsuyoi
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Card ID: 1673815536188(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sonotoki kore ga nakereba komaru deshou
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Card ID: 1673815536196(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
moshi omae ni nanika attara watashi ha
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Card ID: 1673815536198If by any chance natsume can not return, how will [things] become?
According to the dictionary, "moshi" also means "if". However, you always have to use the conditionals we learned, the "moshi" adds additional uncertainty and is not used alone.
modoru: to return. Remark: Here, it is in the potential form (modoreru - can return). Don't worry, this is covered later - and sorry for the difficult sentence.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/conditionals#How_does_fit_into_all_of_this
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Card ID: 1673815536200(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
moshi natsume kun ga modorenakattara dou naru n darou
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Card ID: 1673815536202
Summary: How to say "if"
So many ways to say "if"! Generally, you'll be just fine if you treat all the "if" clauses as equal (i.e. as "if/when a then b"). To be honest: Now that I had a detailed look at the rules again, I'm not sure if I fully understood everything myself in the first place. I'll try to sum the key differences up for you:
- [condition] to [result]: If [condition], [result] always happens. Therefore, Tae Kim calls it "natural consequence". An example would be: Whenever spring comes, cherry trees start to bloom.
- -tara: In contrast to "to", this represents a one-time or particular result with a soft focus on the result (not the condition), e.g: If summer comes, I will go to Japan (and not to England).
- -ba: Very similar to "-tara", but the emphasis is slightly more on the condition instead of the result.
- nara: Used, if the condition is bound to a certain context (e.g. something said or done by someone) and you're drawing conclusions from that.
There's an excellent answer on
japanese stackexchange covering this in much more detail. Moreover, some (easier) explanations on
wasabi japaneseTags: -
Card ID: 1673815536204Looking is no good -> [You] must not look!
In order to express that you
must not do something, put the verb in -te form, add "ha/は" and then either "dame", "ikenai" or "naranai" (I'll add examples for each of these starting with dame - no good).
In short: The pattern "-te ha dame" is used to express that you must not do something, it means: "doing [something] is no good".
Note that the concept of "must not do something" is expressed in a completely different way in Japanese. It requires some time to get used to this, because it is expressed by a negation. Therefore, I'll add the literal translation and the English way to express this next to each other.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/must
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Card ID: 1673815536208Wait! Fighting is no good -> you must not fight!
In order to express that you
must not do something, put the verb in -te form, add "ha/は" and then either "dame", "ikenai" or "naranai" (I'll add examples for each of these starting with dame - no good).
In short: The pattern "-te ha dame" is used to express that you must not do something, it means: "doing [something] is no good".
The literal translation can also mean something different in English (a general judgement). However, it's tied to the pattern "-te ha dame/ikenai/narani" and the "must not do"-context here.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/must
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Card ID: 1673815536210(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
matte tatakatte ha dame
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Card ID: 1673815536222(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shite ha dame na no ka
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Card ID: 1673815536226(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koko ni ite ha dame na no
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Card ID: 1673815536228Making a fool [of me / it] is no good -> you must not make a fool [of me / it]! Remark: the thing being "made a fool of" here is having a cold, what the speaker really wants to express is: Don't take a cold too easy - but this is harder to understand without the full context. It's from fruits basket, s1ep9, around 14:00.
Instead of "dame" you may also use "ikenai". It's from "ikeru - to go well" and is less casual than "dame".
The pattern "-te ha ikenai" is used to express that you must not do something, it means: "doing [something] is no good".
baka ni suru: to make fun of; to look down on; to make light of
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/must
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Card ID: 1673815536230(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
baka ni shite ha ikenai desu
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Card ID: 1673815536232Exposing [this] is totally bad -> [this] absolutely must not be exposed.
bareru: to leak out, to be exposed
The pattern "-te ha ikenai" is used to express that you must not do something, it means: "doing [something] is no good".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/must
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Card ID: 1673815536234(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
zettai ni barete ha ikenai ｡
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Card ID: 1673815536238(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koko ni ite ha ikenai
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Card ID: 1673815536242(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dame desu mite ha ikemasen
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Card ID: 1673815536250(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kenka wo shite ha ikemasen yo
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Card ID: 1673815536252Living in this world is bad -> [this thing] must not live in this world.
The pattern "-te ha ikenai" is used to express that you must not do something, it means: "doing [something] is no good".
ikiru: to live, to exist
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/must
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Card ID: 1673815536254(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kono sekai de ikite ha ikenai
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Card ID: 1673815536256Granting your wish is bad -> your wish must not be granted.
kanaeru: to grant (request, wish)
The pattern "-te ha ikenai" is used to express that you must not do something, it means: "doing [something] is no good".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/must
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Card ID: 1673815536258(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kimi no negai ha kanaete ha ikenai
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Card ID: 1673815536260Injuring people is bad -> you must not injure people.
kizutsukeru: to wound; to injure
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536262(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hito wo kizutsukete ha ikenai n da zo
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Card ID: 1673815536264Giving up is bad -> [you] must not give up.
akirameru: to give up
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536266(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
akiramete ha ikenai yo
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Card ID: 1673815536268Killing is no good -> you must not kill.
Instead of "-te ha dame/ikenai/ikemasen, you can also use "-te ha naranai". According to Tae Kim, this is used when "must not" applies to more people or a more general context (policies, rules). For listening comprehension, you'll be just fine translating this to "must not" though!
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Card ID: 1673815536270(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koroshite ha naranai
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Card ID: 1673815536272Being defeated by sorrow is bad -> [you] must not be defeated by sorrow.
kanashimi: sorrow, grief
Instead of "-te ha dame/ikenai/ikemasen, you can also use "-te ha naranai". According to Tae Kim, this is used when "must not" applies to more people or a more general context (policies, rules). For listening comprehension, you'll be just fine translating this to "must not" though!
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536274(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kanashimi ni makete ha naranai
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Card ID: 1673815536276But not thinking is bad I guess -> but [we] must think [about it again].
Listen carefully, we now have a negative verb!
"Must do [something]" is expressed by
negative -te form + dame / ikenai / naranai, i.e. by saying: Not doing [something] is bad. It takes a while to get used to this double negation...
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/must
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Card ID: 1673815536278(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo kangaenakute ha ikenai deshou
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Card ID: 1673815536280But not returning / going home is bad -> [I] must go home.
"Must do [something]" is expressed by
negative -te form + dame / ikenai / naranai, i.e. by saying: Not doing [something] is bad. It takes a while to get used to this double negation...
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/must
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Card ID: 1673815536282(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo kaeranakute ha ikemasen
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Card ID: 1673815536284[We] must do [it].
"Must do [something]" is expressed by
negative -te form + dame / ikenai / naranai, i.e. by saying: Not doing [something] is bad. It takes a while to get used to this double negation...
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/must
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Card ID: 1673815536286(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shinakute ha naranai de
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Card ID: 1673815536288Not listening to [my] talk; speech is bad -> [you] must listen to [my] talk.
"Must do [something]" is expressed by
negative -te form + dame / ikenai / naranai, i.e. by saying: Not doing [something] is bad. It takes a while to get used to this double negation...
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/must
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Card ID: 1673815536290(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hanashi ha kikanakute ha naranai
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Card ID: 1673815536292Not searching this is bad -> [we] must also search for this.
"Must do [something]" is expressed by
negative -te form + dame / ikenai / naranai, i.e. by saying: Not doing [something] is bad. It takes a while to get used to this double negation...
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/must
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Card ID: 1673815536294(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore mo sagasanakute ha narimasen node
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Card ID: 1673815536300If [I am] not there, is it bad? -> Do [I] have to be there?
The second way to express "must do [something]" is to use the "to" conditional:
[not doing] to [dame / ikenai / naranai], which means: If [not do something] it's bad.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/must
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Card ID: 1673815536302(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
inai to dame desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815536304Why [do you] say this?
iu: to say, to speak
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536308Well, if [I] don't say [something], is it bad? -> do [I] have to say something?
The second way to express "must do [something]" is to use the "to" conditional:
[not doing] to [dame / ikenai / naranai], which means: If [not do something] it's bad.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536310(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ano iwanai to dame desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815536312If [we] don't win, it's bad -> [we] have to win.
The second way to express "must do [something]" is to use the "to" conditional:
[not doing] to [dame / ikenai / naranai], which means: If [not do something] it's bad.
nanda: na no da
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Card ID: 1673815536314(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
katanai to dame nanda
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Card ID: 1673815536316If I don't return today, it's bad -> I have to return today.
The second way to express "must do [something]" is to use the "to" conditional:
[not doing] to [dame / ikenai / naranai], which means: If [not do something] it's bad.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536318(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku kyou ha kaeranai to ikenai n da
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Card ID: 1673815536320For me, a not-doing-is-bad thing exists -> There's something I must do.
The second way to express "must do [something]" is to use the "to" conditional:
[not doing] to [dame / ikenai / naranai], which means: If [not do something] it's bad.
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Card ID: 1673815536322(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku ni ha yaranai to ikenai koto ga aru n da
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Card ID: 1673815536324Not becoming strong is bad -> [I] have to become strong.
The second way to express "must do [something]" is to use the "to" conditional:
[not doing] to [dame / ikenai / naranai], which means: If [not do something] it's bad.
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Card ID: 1673815536326(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tsuyoku naranai to ikenai
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Card ID: 1673815536328If [you] leave, if [you] don't turn [it] off it's bad -> you have to turn [the water] off when you leave.
tomeru: to stop; to turn off
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Card ID: 1673815536330(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
deru nara tomenai to ikenai shi
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Card ID: 1673815536332If [we] don't fight, it's bad -> [we] have to fight.
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Card ID: 1673815536334(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tatakawanai to ikenai node
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Card ID: 1673815536336If [we] don't leave, it's bad -> [we] must leave.
Refresher: "dete ikanai" is from dete iku and means to leave for / towards some other place.
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Card ID: 1673815536338(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dete ikanai to ikenai
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Card ID: 1673815536340If not apologize it's bad -> must apologize.
The "ba" conditional may be used in exactly the same way as the "to" conditional to express "must":
-nakereba dame / ikenai / naranai, which means: Not doing [something] is bad.
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Card ID: 1673815536342(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ayamaranakereba ikenai koto
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Card ID: 1673815536344As for this, [I] wonder if it is an if-not-doing-it's-bad thing -> I wonder if this is something we must do.
The "ba" conditional may be used in exactly the same way as the "to" conditional to express "must":
-nakereba dame / ikenai / naranai, which means: Not doing [something] is bad.
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Card ID: 1673815536346(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kore ha yaranakereba ikenai koto na no ka
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Card ID: 1673815536348If-not-doing-it's-bad thing is there -> There's something we must do.
The "ba" conditional may be used in exactly the same way as the "to" conditional to express "must":
-nakereba dame / ikenai / naranai, which means: Not doing [something] is bad.
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Card ID: 1673815536350(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yaranakereba naranai koto ga atte ne
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Card ID: 1673815536352As for someday, not going to contest/match is bad -> We someday must go to /attend the match / contest.
The "ba" conditional may be used in exactly the same way as the "to" conditional to express "must":
-nakereba dame / ikenai / naranai, which means: Not doing [something] is bad.
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Card ID: 1673815536354(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
itsuka ha shoubu ni ikanakereba naranai
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Card ID: 1673815536358(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
chikara wo motsu mono ha tatakawanakereba naranai
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Card ID: 1673815536362(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
honto ni saigo made inakucha dame na no
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Card ID: 1673815536364Not apologizing is bad -> [You] must apologize.
There are even more ways to express "must", but they lead the way to some shorter expressions:
Replace "negative -te ha" with "-nakucha".
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Card ID: 1673815536366(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ayamaranakucha dame da yo
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Card ID: 1673815536368Not saying is bad -> [You] have to say [it].
There are even more ways to express "must", but they lead the way to some shorter expressions:
Replace "negative -te ha" with "-nakucha".
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Card ID: 1673815536370(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
iwanakucha ikenai n da
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Card ID: 1673815536372I must do it [physical action].
There are even more ways to express "must", but they lead the way to some shorter expressions:
Replace "negative -te ha" with "-nakucha".
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Card ID: 1673815536374(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku ga yaranakucha ikenai
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Card ID: 1673815536376As for me, not saving kiriyama is bad -> I have to save kiriyama.
There are even more ways to express "must", but they lead the way to some shorter expressions:
Replace "negative -te ha" with "-nakucha".
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536378(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ha kiriyama wo tasukenakucha naranai n da
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Card ID: 1673815536380[I] have to return.
So finally, here is a shorter form: If you contract "negative -te form ha" to "nakucha", the "dame / ikenai / naranai" may be left out. This is casual speech though, use it with care!
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Card ID: 1673815536384I must go.
So finally, here is a shorter form: If you contract "negative -te form ha" to "nakucha", the "dame / ikenai / naranai" may be left out. This is casual speech though, use it with care!
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Card ID: 1673815536388[You] must come again.
So finally, here is a shorter form: If you contract "negative -te form ha" to "nakucha", the "dame / ikenai / naranai" may be left out. This is casual speech though, use it with care!
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Card ID: 1673815536392[I] must study.
benkyou: study
So finally, here is a shorter form: If you contract "negative -te form ha" to "nakucha", the "dame / ikenai / naranai" may be left out. This is casual speech though, use it with care!
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Card ID: 1673815536396[You] must remember the way.
oboeru: to memorize, to remember
So finally, here is a shorter form: If you contract "negative -te form ha" to "nakucha", the "dame / ikenai / naranai" may be left out. This is casual speech though, use it with care!
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Card ID: 1673815536400[I] must properly talk to uehara.
chanto: properly
So finally, here is a shorter form: If you contract "negative -te form ha" to "nakucha", the "dame / ikenai / naranai" may be left out. This is casual speech though, use it with care!
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Card ID: 1673815536402(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi uehara kun to chanto hanasanakucha
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Card ID: 1673815536404[I] must hurry.
The "to" conditional can also be used by itself without "dame / ikenai / naranai" to express "must".
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Card ID: 1673815536408[I] must hide.
The "to" conditional can also be used by itself without "dame / ikenai / naranai" to express "must".
kakusu - to hide
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Card ID: 1673815536412[You] must hurry and eat.
The "to" conditional can also be used by itself without "dame / ikenai / naranai" to express "must".
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Card ID: 1673815536416...but [you] must be careful.
The "to" conditional can also be used by itself without "dame / ikenai / naranai" to express "must".
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Card ID: 1673815536418(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo chuui shinai to
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Card ID: 1673815536420If don't drink, it's bad -> you must drink this.
The third shortcut for saying "must do" is to replace "nakereba" with "nakya". "dame, ikenai and naranai" may be omitted (examples follow).
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Card ID: 1673815536422(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nomanakya dame da yo
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Card ID: 1673815536424What's that! If not laugh it's bad? -> we must laugh? (maybe someone told a bad joke).
The third shortcut for saying "must do" is to replace "nakereba" with "nakya". "dame, ikenai and naranai" may be omitted (examples follow).
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Card ID: 1673815536426(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani sore warawanakya dame na no
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Card ID: 1673815536428If not eat everything, it's bad -> you must eat everything.
The third shortcut for saying "must do" is to replace "nakereba" with "nakya". "dame, ikenai and naranai" may be omitted (examples follow).
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Card ID: 1673815536430(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
zenbu tabenakya dame
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Card ID: 1673815536432[Something] was a must-give-up dream.
The third shortcut for saying "must do" is to replace "nakereba" with "nakya". "dame, ikenai and naranai" may be omitted (examples follow).
Caution, don't be fooled by the double-negative here: This sentence really refers to a dream that someone MUST give up. Let's double-check with a literal translation: It was a not-give-up is bad dream, i.e. if you do not give it up, it's bad, so you better let it go.
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Card ID: 1673815536434(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sou akiramenakya ikenai yume datta
Tags: -
Card ID: 1673815536436Am I really supposed to fight?
The third shortcut for saying "must do" is to replace "nakereba" with "nakya". "dame, ikenai and naranai" may be omitted (examples follow).
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Card ID: 1673815536438(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hontouni tatakawanakya ikenai no
Tags: -
Card ID: 1673815536440[I] wonder if [I] must go alone.
The third shortcut for saying "must do" is to replace "nakereba" with "nakya". "dame, ikenai and naranai" may be omitted (examples follow).
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Card ID: 1673815536442(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hitori de ikanakya naranai no ka na
Tags: -
Card ID: 1673815536444[You] must save [me].
The third shortcut for saying "must do" is to replace "nakereba" with "nakya". "dame, ikenai and naranai" may be omitted (examples follow).
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Card ID: 1673815536448[I] quickly must go home and write [this] down.
The third shortcut for saying "must do" is to replace "nakereba" with "nakya". "dame, ikenai and naranai" may be omitted (examples follow).
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Card ID: 1673815536450(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hayaku kaette kakanakya
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Card ID: 1673815536452[I] also must do [my] best.
The third shortcut for saying "must do" is to replace "nakereba" with "nakya". "dame, ikenai and naranai" may be omitted (examples follow).
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536454(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku mo ganbaranakya
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Card ID: 1673815536456[I] soon must leave / go home.
sorosoro: soon
The third shortcut for saying "must do" is to replace "nakereba" with "nakya". "dame, ikenai and naranai" may be omitted (examples follow).
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Card ID: 1673815536460[I] must practice more.
motto: more
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Card ID: 1673815536462(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
motto renshuu shinakya
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Card ID: 1673815536464I must make sure [that this is really true].
tashikameru: to ascertain; to check; to make sure
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Card ID: 1673815536468Why must I do such a thing?
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Card ID: 1673815536470(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nande ore ga konna koto shinakya
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Card ID: 1673815536474(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tabete mo ii desu ka
Tags: -
Card ID: 1673815536482(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sensei kaette mo ii desu ka
Tags: -
Card ID: 1673815536486(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kakusanakute mo ii desu
Tags: -
Card ID: 1673815536490(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
osoba ni itte mo ii desu ka
Tags: -
Card ID: 1673815536494(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hitotsu kiite mo ii ka
Tags: -
Card ID: 1673815536498(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
totemo ii kyoku desu yo
Tags: -
Card ID: 1673815536506(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kondo asobi ni itte ii desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815536516Can [I] read [this] -> is it ok if I read this?
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Card ID: 1673815536518(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ano yonde mo ii desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815536520Sorry for accidentially saying [your] name (in this case, someone got cursed by that).
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Card ID: 1673815536522(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
namae wo yonde shimatte gomennasai
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Card ID: 1673815536524[We're] just coming to eat sweets.
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Card ID: 1673815536526(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
okashi tabe ni kiteru dake da shi
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Card ID: 1673815536528[He] was talking very calmly, wasn't he?
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Card ID: 1673815536530(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sugoi shizuka ni hanashiteta ne
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Card ID: 1673815536532Even though [I] ate [this] for the first time, [I've] been knowing [this/it's] tastyness.
oishisa: tastyness; the -sa suffix turns i-adjectives into nouns.
hajimete: for the first time
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Card ID: 1673815536534(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hajimete tabeta noni kono oishisa wo shitte iru
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Card ID: 1673815536536Even though noone is waiting for you [at home], you go home?
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Card ID: 1673815536538(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daremo omae wo matte inai noni kaeru no kai
Tags: -
Card ID: 1673815536540I also want to eat [this].
In order to express that you want to perform an action, append "-tai" to the verb stem. This follows the same rules as the "-masu" form, i.e. you can replace "-masu" by "-tai". I recommend to go the "recognize this by listening comprehension"-way again: A verb ending on -tai expresses someone's desire to perform a certain action.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/desire#Verbs_you_want_to_do_with
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Card ID: 1673815536542(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi mo tabetai shi
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Card ID: 1673815536544What I want to say [is this].
In order to express that you want to perform an action, append "-tai" to the verb stem. This follows the same rules as the "-masu" form, i.e. you can replace "-masu" by "-tai". I recommend to go the "recognize this by listening comprehension"-way again: A verb ending on -tai expresses someone's desire to perform a certain action.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/desire#Verbs_you_want_to_do_with
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Card ID: 1673815536546(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ga iitai no ha
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Card ID: 1673815536548[I] want to talk thing is there -> I want to talk to you.
In order to express that you want to perform an action, append "-tai" to the verb stem. This follows the same rules as the "-masu" form, i.e. you can replace "-masu" by "-tai". I recommend to go the "recognize this by listening comprehension"-way again: A verb ending on -tai expresses someone's desire to perform a certain action.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/desire#Verbs_you_want_to_do_with
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Card ID: 1673815536550(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hanashitai koto ga aru
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Card ID: 1673815536552[I] want to ask thing is there -> I want to ask something.
In order to express that you want to perform an action, append "-tai" to the verb stem. This follows the same rules as the "-masu" form, i.e. you can replace "-masu" by "-tai". I recommend to go the "recognize this by listening comprehension"-way again: A verb ending on -tai expresses someone's desire to perform a certain action.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/desire#Verbs_you_want_to_do_with
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Card ID: 1673815536556What I want to say is this.
In order to express that you want to perform an action, append "-tai" to the verb stem. This follows the same rules as the "-masu" form, i.e. you can replace "-masu" by "-tai". I recommend to go the "recognize this by listening comprehension"-way again: A verb ending on -tai expresses someone's desire to perform a certain action.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/desire#Verbs_you_want_to_do_with
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Card ID: 1673815536558(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ga iitai no ha are da
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Card ID: 1673815536560As for me, because [I] want to swim, [I] swim [e.g. noone forces me, I do it because I want to. This anime is about a swim club / team, so maybe there's some pressure on the people to be good].
In order to express that you want to perform an action, append "-tai" to the verb stem. This follows the same rules as the "-masu" form, i.e. you can replace "-masu" by "-tai". I recommend to go the "recognize this by listening comprehension"-way again: A verb ending on -tai expresses someone's desire to perform a certain action.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/desire#Verbs_you_want_to_do_with
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Card ID: 1673815536562(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ha oyogitai kara oyogu
Tags: -
Card ID: 1673815536564As for what
I want to know [...it's this: ...].
In order to express that you want to perform an action, append "-tai" to the verb stem. This follows the same rules as the "-masu" form, i.e. you can replace "-masu" by "-tai". I recommend to go the "recognize this by listening comprehension"-way again: A verb ending on -tai expresses someone's desire to perform a certain action.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/desire#Verbs_you_want_to_do_with
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Card ID: 1673815536566(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ga shiritai no ha
Tags: -
Card ID: 1673815536570(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
chotto shirabetai koto ga atte ne
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Card ID: 1673815536572[I ask] because [I] want to know.
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Card ID: 1673815536576[I] don't want to die.
After appending "-tai", the words are conjugated like i-adjectives, so -takunai is the negative form.
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Card ID: 1673815536578(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ee shinitakunai desu
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Card ID: 1673815536580[It's just that I] don't want to be defeated.
After appending "-tai", the words are conjugated like i-adjectives, so -takunai is the negative form.
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Card ID: 1673815536584[I] don't want to go home.
After appending "-tai", the words are conjugated like i-adjectives, so -takunai is the negative form.
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Card ID: 1673815536588[It] is not painful?
itai: painful, sore
Caution, this is not the "-tai" form, but a regular i-adjective.
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Card ID: 1673815536592[I] don't want to meet [someone].
After appending "-tai", the words are conjugated like i-adjectives, so -takunai is the negative form.
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Card ID: 1673815536596[I'm sad] because [I] don't want to return.
modoru: to return; to go back
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Card ID: 1673815536600What did [you] want to see?
After appending "-tai", the words are conjugated like i-adjectives, so -takatta is the past form.
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Card ID: 1673815536602(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani ga mitakatta no
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Card ID: 1673815536604As for me, [I] wanted to apologize.
After appending "-tai", the words are conjugated like i-adjectives, so -takunai is the negative form.
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Card ID: 1673815536606(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku ha ayamaritakatta
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Card ID: 1673815536608[I came here] because [I] wanted to swim.
After appending "-tai", the words are conjugated like i-adjectives, so -takunai is the negative form.
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Card ID: 1673815536612[I] wanted to meet taiga by all means.
doushitemo: by all means; at any cost
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Card ID: 1673815536614(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
taiga ni doushitemo aitakatta n da
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Card ID: 1673815536616[I] didn't want to cry.
After appending "-tai", the words are conjugated like i-adjectives, so -takunakatta is the negative past form.
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Card ID: 1673815536620[I] didn't want to injure you [kidzutsukeru - kidzutsuketai - kidzutsuketakunakatta, pretty difficult to pronounce ;)].
After appending "-tai", the words are conjugated like i-adjectives, so -takunakatta is the past negative form.
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Card ID: 1673815536622(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kimi no koto ha kizutsuketakunakatta
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Card ID: 1673815536624
Remark on the -tai form
You do not use "-tai" do talk about actions that other people want to do. That would be impolite, because you don't really know what the other person actually wants to do! So saying "kare ha tabetai - he wants to eat" is not possible. In Japanese, you express this by saying something like "it seems like he wants to eat" - it's covered later.
If you ask someone however what he wants to do, you can use -tai (have a look at the next card).
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Card ID: 1673815536626Do [you] want to compete with me so much?
It's ok to use "-tai" in a question, but not to talk about the real desires of someone. That's covered later.
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Card ID: 1673815536628(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sonnani ore to shoubu ga shitai no ka
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Card ID: 1673815536632(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
chikara ga hoshii ka
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Card ID: 1673815536640(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hontouni hoshii no ka
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Card ID: 1673815536644(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nanika hoshii mono aru
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Card ID: 1673815536646[You] want friends?
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Card ID: 1673815536648(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tomodachi ga hoshii no
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Card ID: 1673815536650[I] want an answer.
henji: answer
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Card ID: 1673815536654[I] want information.
jouhou: information; news
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Card ID: 1673815536660(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hayaku tabete hoshii
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Card ID: 1673815536664(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tetsudatte hoshii tanomu
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Card ID: 1673815536668(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ayamatte hoshii n janakute
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Card ID: 1673815536670If [you] have an answer, [I want you] to say it.
You can express that you want someone to do something by using "-te hoshii". Note that there are more polite and appropriate ways to ask for favors, they are covered later.
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Card ID: 1673815536672(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kotae ga aru nara itte hoshii shi
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Card ID: 1673815536674[I] want you to come.
You can express that you want someone to do something by using "-te hoshii". Note that there are more polite and appropriate ways to ask for favors, they are covered later.
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Card ID: 1673815536678Let's eat.
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form (some exceptions apply).
Here are more precise rules: for ru verbs, replace the last "ru/る" with "you/よう", e.g. taberu -> tabeyou. For -u verbs, change the u-vowel sound to the respective o-vowel sound (ku/く -> ko/こ, su/す -> so/そ, etc.) and append "u", e.g. wakaru -> wakarou. I'll stick to the sloppy rule of thumb on the following cards ;).
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Card ID: 1673815536682Sensei, when [we] get up, let's eat [something].
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form (some exceptions apply).
Here are more precise rules: for ru verbs, replace the last "ru/る" with "you/よう", e.g. taberu -> tabeyou. For -u verbs, change the u-vowel sound to the respective o-vowel sound (ku/く -> ko/こ, su/す -> so/そ, etc.) and append "u", e.g. wakaru -> wakarou. I'll stick to the sloppy rule of thumb on the following cards ;).
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Card ID: 1673815536684(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sensei okitara tabeyou
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Card ID: 1673815536686Let's escape!
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form (some exceptions apply).
Here are more precise rules: for ru verbs, replace the last "ru/る" with "you/よう", e.g. taberu -> tabeyou. For -u verbs, change the u-vowel sound to the respective o-vowel sound (ku/く -> ko/こ, su/す -> so/そ, etc.) and append "u", e.g. wakaru -> wakarou. I'll stick to the sloppy rule of thumb on the following cards ;).
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536690Shall [we] try to go [there]?
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form.
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Card ID: 1673815536694Let's end this.
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form.
suru and kuru are exceptions to the "proper" conjugation rules. The casual volitional form of suru is "shiyou".
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Card ID: 1673815536698Let's come again.
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form.
suru and kuru are exceptions to the "proper" conjugation rules. The casual volitional form of kuru is "koyou".
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536702As for next time, let's come alone.
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form.
suru and kuru are exceptions to the "proper" conjugation rules. The casual volitional form of kuru is "koyou".
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536704(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tsugi ha hitori de koyou
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Card ID: 1673815536706Let's somehow try to do [it, physical action].
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536710Well, if you like (lit. if it's good), let's talk again.
yokattara: potential of ii (good); ii -> yokatta -> yokattara. It literally means "if it's good", but translates to "if you like".
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536712(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ano yokattara mata hanasou
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Card ID: 1673815536714Sensei, let's listen until the end [maybe the talking cat interrupted someone].
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536716(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sensei saigo made kikou
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Card ID: 1673815536718Let's hear [his] talk / speech.
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536722Let's swim, haru.
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536726Let's swim when the training is over and the people are gone.
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form.
"kara" here means "from" and refers to the point in time when the people are gone.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536728(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
renshuu owatte hito ga inakunatte kara oyogou yo ne
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Card ID: 1673815536730Let's wait here.
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536734Let's fight!
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536738Let's buy a large house.
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536742[I] wonder [if we] should buy one...
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536746Let's go to all want-to-go-places!
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536748(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ikitai tokoro zenbu ikou
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Card ID: 1673815536750It's cold [among other things], let's go home.
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536754Studying with everybody? Let's do our best!
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536756(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
minna de benkyou ka a ganbarou ne
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Card ID: 1673815536758Shall we go?
In Japanese, you can express "let's do ..." or "shall we do ..." using the volitional form. As a sloppy rule of thumb:
If a verb somehow ends on "ou", it's in the (casual) volitional form.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536762Shall [I] open it?
In order to get the polite volitional form, use -mashou instead of -masu. It's the same for all verbs.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536766Shall [we] buy food and go home?
In order to get the polite volitional form, use -mashou instead of -masu. It's the same for all verbs.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536768(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
gohan katte kaerou ka
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Card ID: 1673815536770As for next, where shall [we] go?
In order to get the polite volitional form, use -mashou instead of -masu. It's the same for all verbs.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536772(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tsugi ha doko he ikou ka
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Card ID: 1673815536774Let's go!
In order to get the polite volitional form, use -mashou instead of -masu. It's the same for all verbs.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536778Shall
I speak / tell them?
In order to get the polite volitional form, use -mashou instead of -masu. It's the same for all verbs.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536780(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ga hanashimashou ka
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Card ID: 1673815536782Let's go! To rescue everyone!
In order to get the polite volitional form, use -mashou instead of -masu. It's the same for all verbs.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536784(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ikimashou minna wo tasuke ni
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Card ID: 1673815536786Doctor! Let's go to the doctor!
isha: (medical) doctor
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Card ID: 1673815536788(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
isha isha ni ikimashou
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Card ID: 1673815536790First, let's do what-we-can-do-now thing.
mazu: first (of all)
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Card ID: 1673815536792(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mazu ima dekiru koto wo shimashou
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Card ID: 1673815536794[He] said: "thank you".
In order to quote someone, you append "to itta" to the sentence the person said. "itta" is past tense of "iu - to say".
Note that the person who said "thank you" is not named here. It is known from context and therefore omitted as usual. If you want to name someone explicitly, you'd say: "tanaka-san ha arigatou to itta - Mr. tanaka said thank you".
In Japanese, quotation marks look like this: 「」. In anime subtitles, they're usually not found, but on the following cards I added them for clarity. They have a special role, I'll comment on that again in a few cards.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/actionclausehttp://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/verb_phrase
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Card ID: 1673815536798[Hey, you don't listen] even though [you] said: "[I] want to hear the talk".
In order to quote someone, you append "to itta" to the sentence the person said. "itta" is past tense of "iu - to say".
Note that the person who said something is not named here. It is known from context and therefore omitted as usual.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/quotation.html
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Card ID: 1673815536800(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
「hanashi wo kikitai」 to itta noni
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Card ID: 1673815536802[He] said: "It's a joke". Everything is a joke.
In order to quote someone, you append "to itta" to the sentence the person said. "itta" is past tense of "iu - to say".
Note that the person who said something is not named here. It is known from context and therefore omitted as usual.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/quotation.html
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Card ID: 1673815536804(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
「joudan」 to itta no subete joudan
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Card ID: 1673815536806When did I say: "I like you"?! -> Here the speaker is given, it's "watashi", so the speaker is quoting herself.
In order to quote someone, you append "to itta" to the sentence the person said. "itta" is past tense of "iu - to say".
Note that we do not have a direct quote here, because the speaker expresses that he never actually says "I like you". In this case (musing about something or "interpreted quotes" as Tae Kim calls it), the quotation marks are actually not used. I'll leave them on the following cards for clarity.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/quotation.html
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Card ID: 1673815536808(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
itsu watashi ga 「anata wo suki da」 to iimashita ka
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Card ID: 1673815536810Who said "it's ok to sleep"?! -> The player is lying on the floor, I guess he's not sleeping, but the trainer seems to be tough and strict.
In order to quote someone, you append "to itta" to the sentence the person said. "itta" is past tense of "iu - to say".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/quotation.html
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Card ID: 1673815536812(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dare ga 「nete ii」 to itta
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Card ID: 1673815536814[I] thought [you] said: "I'm getting it".
In order to quote someone, you append "to itta" to the sentence the person said. "itta" is past tense of "iu - to say".
Note that we again do not have a direct quote here, because the speaker is not sure if the other person
really said something. In this case (musing about something or "interpreted quotes" as Tae Kim calls it), the quotation marks are actually not used. I'll leave them on the following cards for clarity.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/quotation.html
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Card ID: 1673815536816(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
「wakatte iru」 to itta darou
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Card ID: 1673815536818Didn't [you] say that we go home today?
The "to" of "to iu / itta" is often abbreviated as "tte". Note that this only applies to this quotation context, not e.g. the conditional "to". We already had a few examples of this on earlier cards.
Again, no direct quote but quotation marks for clarity - the 「」-marks are only used for real, direct quotes. Since I practice Japanese pretty much only by listening comprehension myself, I can't tell you more ;).
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/quotation.html
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Card ID: 1673815536820(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou ha 「kaeru」 tte itta janai desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815536824(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
「kikoenai」 tte itta janai ka
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Card ID: 1673815536826If [you] say [you] are lonely, [then we need to do something].
So far, we had direct quotes (someone was quoted 1:1) and indirect quotes (the speaker mused about what someone might have said - the current card is another example for that). By conjugating "iu", you get even more possible meanings ("If you said" in this case). All of these have in common that you talk about what someone (might have) said.
In practice, the "to" of "to iu" is often spelled "tte/って". It's easier pronounced and
casual.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/quotation.html
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Card ID: 1673815536832(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
matteru tte itta noni
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Card ID: 1673815536834[She] said: "It's a beautiful name".
In practice, the "to" of "to iu" is often spelled "tte/って". It's easier pronounced and
casual.
In case of "tte", the "iu" can be skipped. Again, it's casual!
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/quotation.html
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Card ID: 1673815536836(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kirei na namae da na tte
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Card ID: 1673815536838[I wanted to drink booze] but [I] heard that it's strong. Or: [I wanted to fight the monster] but I heard that it's strong.
Instead of "iu - to say", you can also use other words, for example "kiku - to hear" or "yobu - to call". Again, all of these expressions have in common, that you talk about something that someone said. With "kiku", you express that you heard something.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/quotation.html
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Card ID: 1673815536840(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tsuyoi tte kiita kedo
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Card ID: 1673815536842Long time ago, there were people who also called me "sensei".
Instead of "iu - to say", you can also use other words, for example "kiku - to hear" or "yobu - to call". Again, all of these expressions have in common, that you talk about something that someone said. With "to yobu", you explain how someone is called.
"to yobu" refers to "sensei" here. It's used as clause to describe "hito".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/quotation.html
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Card ID: 1673815536844(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mukashi watashi ni mo sensei to yobu hito ga ita no
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Card ID: 1673815536846From now on, [I] will call you "hiruda".
Instead of "iu - to say", you can also use other words, for example "kiku - to hear" or "yobu - to call". Again, all of these expressions have in common, that you talk about something that someone said. With "to yobu", you explain how someone is called.
Remark: The "ni suru" at the end of the sentence usually means "to decide on"
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/quotation.html
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Card ID: 1673815536848(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
korekara anata wo hiruda to yobu koto ni suru
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Card ID: 1673815536850[I will hurry] but [I] think [I] will be late.
"to omou" is another very useful example for talking about a relative clause. It allows to express what you think.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536852(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
osoku naru to omou n da kedo
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Card ID: 1673815536854[You] think that
I would say [it]?
You can also use "to omou" to talk about what others think, but only if you formulate this as question. You don't know what's
really on the person's mind! There are other ways to express this, which are covered later.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815536856(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ga hanasu to omou no kai
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Card ID: 1673815536858[I] think [this strange looking thing] is maybe a cat.
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Card ID: 1673815536860(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tabun neko da to omou
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Card ID: 1673815536862[I] think there's some meaning [to this] -> maybe a strange thing is happening here.
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Card ID: 1673815536864(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nanika imi ga aru n da to omou
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Card ID: 1673815536866[I] don't think this is a bad conversation but...
Refreshers:
"ga" means "but" here.
de ha nai is a negative form of "da".
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Card ID: 1673815536868(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
warui hanashi de ha nai to omou ga
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Card ID: 1673815536870[It is still cold] but [I] think it maybe gets warmer.
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Card ID: 1673815536872(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tabun atatakaku naru to omou kedo
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Card ID: 1673815536874[I] thought: Isn't this a dream?
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Card ID: 1673815536876(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yume janai ka to omotta
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Card ID: 1673815536878[I] am called "natsume" or: [You] call me "natsume".
I hope it became clear from the previous examples that the person who's actually saying something can be omitted very often and in general can be
anybody. Moreover, it's not even necessary, that someone actually said something, which is the case here: There's no real speaker involved, but a generic one.
This sentence expresses, that people in general call the guy "natsume".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/define#Using_to_describe_anything
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Card ID: 1673815536882As for [your] opponent, it's a person called yuusuke.
Together with "to", "iu" ultimately can become a generic verb that just allows to talk about a complete, "quoted" sentence. As Tae Kim explains, this can be used to describe anything. In many cases, this translates to "a thing called xxx", like in this example, but not always.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/define#Using_to_describe_anything
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Card ID: 1673815536884(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
aite ha yuusuke san toiu hito desu
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Card ID: 1673815536886
Summary
"xxx to iu/kiku/yobu/omou" can be seen as very general quotation. It allows to "quote" a relative clause "xxx" in order to talk about things that people said, heard or thought. Moreover, the person who said something, may be an abstract, invisible, generic speaker. I.e. in the sentence "natsume to iimasu", noone actually said something, but the speaker explains that people
in general call him "natsume".
Here are some good summaries on this topic with many example sentences. Maggie Sensei also has many sentences spelled in roumaji as well as English translations:
Maggie SenseiWasabiTags: -
Card ID: 1673815536888As for me, [I] attempted to eat you [which seemed to be hard].
Do you remember "tabete miru" from previous cards? The "-te miru" construct means to try out some action and see how you like it. On this card, we have a similar construction:
verb volitional (you/ou-form) + to suru, which means "to attempt to do something". Tae Kim actually explained these forms together, as both mean to try something. While no effort is required for "-te miru", an effort might be required with "verb-volitional to suru".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/try
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Card ID: 1673815536890(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ha anata wo tabeyou to shita
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Card ID: 1673815536892As for me, I'm attempting to do that [physical action]. This sounds weird in English, but matches the progressive form (-te iru / shiteru).
Verb volitional (you/ou-form) + to suru: To attempt to do something.
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Card ID: 1673815536894(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku ha sore wo yarou to shiteru n da yo
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Card ID: 1673815536896But didn't anyone attempt to save [you]?
Verb volitional (you/ou-form) + to suru: To attempt to do something.
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Card ID: 1673815536898(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo daremo tasukeyou to shinakatta no
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Card ID: 1673815536900What are [you] attempting to hide?
Verb volitional (you/ou-form) + to suru: To attempt to do something.
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Card ID: 1673815536902(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani wo kakusou to shiteru no
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Card ID: 1673815536904[We're still here], even though [we] attempted to escape.
Verb volitional (you/ou-form) + to suru: To attempt to do something.
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Card ID: 1673815536906(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nigeyou to shita noni
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Card ID: 1673815536908[I] am attempting to go back / return.
Verb volitional (you/ou-form) + to suru: To attempt to do something.
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Card ID: 1673815536910(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
modorou to shite imasu
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Card ID: 1673815536912[You] understood it well, what [I] attempted to say?!
Verb volitional (you/ou-form) + to suru: To attempt to do something.
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Card ID: 1673815536914(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yoku wakatta na ore ga iou to shita koto
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Card ID: 1673815536916[I] attempt to get along well [with you].
nakayoku: on good terms with; on cordial terms with; getting along well with
Verb volitional (you/ou-form) + to suru: To attempt to do something.
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Card ID: 1673815536918(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nakayoku shiyou to suru no mo
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Card ID: 1673815536920[We] are attempting to stop the motion (maybe they are fighting something strong and are trying to come up with a good strategy).
ugoki: movement; move; motion
Verb volitional (you/ou-form) + to suru: To attempt to do something.
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Card ID: 1673815536922(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ugoki wo tomeyou to shite iru n da
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Card ID: 1673815536924
Giving and receiving
Here's a quick glance at what comes next: Japanese in a nutshell has two words to indicate that an item is given from person A to person B: ageru and kureru. Each of them implies a direction: In short, if the speaker or someone close to the speaker gives an item to someone else, "ageru" is used. Literally, it means to raise or elevate something. "kureru" expresses the other direction: So when you want to say that someone gives an item to you or a person close to you, use "kureru".
Important to keep in mind: These words are not interchangeable! Doesn't make sense yet? Have a look at the following cards!
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Card ID: 1673815536926Let's give [them, people distant from speaker] some water.
mizu: water
[xxx] wo ageru: Speaker or person close to speaker gives something to someone else. Never the other way round!
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html
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Card ID: 1673815536930If [you] win against me, [I] give you something to eat.
[xxx] wo ageru: Speaker or person close to speaker gives something to someone else. Never the other way round!
Remark: "katsu" means to win, "ni" defines "watashi" as target of the verb/katsu, so the meaning is: "If you win against me", which means if you beat me.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html
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Card ID: 1673815536932(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ni kattara tabemono wo ageru
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Card ID: 1673815536934Let's give [them] this ticket.
chiketto: ticket (English loan word, the Japanese word follows on the next card)
[xxx] wo ageru: Speaker or person close to speaker gives something to someone else. Never the other way round!
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html
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Card ID: 1673815536936(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kono chiketto wo agemashou
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Card ID: 1673815536938This is an old ticket / ticket from the past.
kippu: ticket
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Card ID: 1673815536940(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kore mukashi no kippu yo ne
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Card ID: 1673815536944(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tanomareteta kippu katte kita yo
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Card ID: 1673815536946[I] give you the favor of going over there.
If used together with the te-form, "ageru" means the speaker (or someone from the speaker's group) does the verb in te-form for someone else. I.e. the favor of doing something is given to someone.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html
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Card ID: 1673815536948(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
socchi ni itte ageru wa yo
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Card ID: 1673815536950[I] give [you] the favor of talking [to someone].
If used together with the te-form, "ageru" means the speaker (or someone from the speaker's group) does the verb in te-form for someone else. I.e. the favor of doing something is given to someone.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html
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Card ID: 1673815536952(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ii yo hanashite ageru
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Card ID: 1673815536954[I] give you the favor of forgiving [you].
If used together with the te-form, "ageru" means the speaker (or someone from the speaker's group) does the verb in te-form for someone else. I.e. the favor of doing something is given to someone.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html
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Card ID: 1673815536956(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ii yo yurushite ageru
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Card ID: 1673815536958Let's give [them] the favor of forgiving them.
If used together with the te-form, "ageru" means the speaker (or someone from the speaker's group) does the verb in te-form for someone else. I.e. the favor of doing something is given to someone.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html
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Card ID: 1673815536962[I] give [you] the favor of carrying half [of this heavy load].
If used together with the te-form, "ageru" means the speaker (or someone from the speaker's group) does the verb in te-form for someone else. I.e. the favor of doing something is given to someone.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html
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Card ID: 1673815536968(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nanika tsukutte ageru chotto mattete ne
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Card ID: 1673815536970[I] give [you] the favor of not having heard this.
"-te ageru": The speaker (or someone from the speaker's group) does the verb in te-form for someone else.
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Card ID: 1673815536972(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kikanakatta koto ni shite ageru
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Card ID: 1673815536974[I] give [you] the favor of checking it out.
"-te ageru": The speaker (or someone from the speaker's group) does the verb in te-form for someone else.
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Card ID: 1673815536978[I] give [you] the favor of helping.
"-te ageru": The speaker (or someone from the speaker's group) does the verb in te-form for someone else.
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Card ID: 1673815536982[I] give [you] the favor of saying [it for you]. They are talking about the crush of the penguin. He doesn't want to say something to her and the polar bear answers with this (he's not doing him a favor, though ;)).
"-te ageru": The speaker (or someone from the speaker's group) does the verb in te-form for someone else.
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Card ID: 1673815536984(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku ga itte ageru yo
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Card ID: 1673815536986Let's give the others the favor of preparing some warm food.
I on purpose leave "to give" in here, even though it sounds rather weird.
"-te ageru": The speaker (or someone from the speaker's group) does the verb in te-form for someone else.
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Card ID: 1673815536988(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
minna ni atatakai gohan wo tsukutte ageyou
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Card ID: 1673815536990First, [we] must give [it] the favor of attaching a name (naming it).
"-te ageru": The speaker (or someone from the speaker's group) does the verb in te-form for someone else.
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Card ID: 1673815536992(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mazu namae wo tsukete agenai to ne
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Card ID: 1673815536994[I] don't understand, what [I] could do for [him].
"-te ageru": The speaker (or someone from the speaker's group) does the verb in te-form for someone else.
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Card ID: 1673815536996(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani wo shite agereba ii no ka wakarimasen
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Card ID: 1673815536998As for me, [I] could not do anything for them.
Here we have the potential past form: ageru -> agerareru (can give/do for) -> agerarenai -> agerarenakatta. It's covered later.
"-te ageru": The speaker (or someone from the speaker's group) does the verb in te-form for someone else.
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Card ID: 1673815537000(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha nanimo shite agerarenakatta
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Card ID: 1673815537002Follow me, because [I] give you the favor of leading the way.
annai: guidance; leading (the way)
We had several examples already: The te-form is used as soft, casual command/request here, we'll soon cover that in more detail.
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Card ID: 1673815537004(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
annai shite ageru kara tsuite kite
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Card ID: 1673815537006[I] give [you] the favor of showing [you].
miseru: to show; to display
Note that this sentence
never means: "show me". It's always the nature of "ageru" to go from speaker to someone else. Just in case you're wondering: It can also be used in third person, which is covered on the next card.
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Card ID: 1673815537010As for that, it's a father-bought-it-for-mother-precious item (the "otousan ga okaasan ni katte ageta" describes, how "daiji" the item is: father bought it for mother).
This is an example, where the speaker actually is not "-te ageru'ing" herself. Instead, her father is doing something for her mother. In this case, she and her father form a logical group or entity and from that group, something is given to someone else / outside of this group. Of course, she, her father and her mom are a group in terms of being a family, but it's the nature of "-te ageru" to never work towards the speaker, that's why I wrote: They form a "logical group".
References:
On this website, there's a chart explaining everything with an image:
https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/receiving-and-giving/
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Card ID: 1673815537012(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore ha otousan ga okaasan ni katte ageta daiji na mono nanda yo
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Card ID: 1673815537014Can [you, older sister] do it for them?
Let's assume the younger girl is saying this sentence to her older sister: She is not asking "can you do it for me", because "-te ageru" never works towards the speaker. So you
know that something should be done for someone else here. I.e. the two girls form one group and the "-te ageru" acts from the group towards someone outside of this group.
References:
On this website, there's a chart explaining everything with an image:
https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/receiving-and-giving/
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Card ID: 1673815537016(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
oneesan ga shite agemasu ka
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Card ID: 1673815537018Aren't [you, ema] able to give [them] the favor of helping [them] out? -> Can't you help them out somehow? The speaker is addressing the listener with her name here.
"-te ageru" never works towards the speaker, so this sentence can't mean "can't ema help me"? Instead, imagine two people who are supposed to help someone. One of them does not want to help and says: can't you do it?
Takeaway message: "-te ageru" never acts towards the speaker. This has an important influence on what is done for whom and sometimes also on who is doing something. It takes some time to get used to this.
References:
On this website, there's a chart explaining everything with an image:
https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/receiving-and-giving/
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Card ID: 1673815537020(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ema ga tetsudatte agetari dekinai no
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Card ID: 1673815537024(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku ni chotto jikan wo kuremasen ka
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Card ID: 1673815537028(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tegami wo kureta no ha omae ka
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Card ID: 1673815537032(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tetsudatte kureru ka
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Card ID: 1673815537036(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mata tabe ni kite kureru
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Card ID: 1673815537040(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tegami mite kureta n da
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Card ID: 1673815537044(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kite kurete arigatou
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Card ID: 1673815537048(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tasuke ni kite kureta n da
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Card ID: 1673815537052(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
minna ouen shite kureru n da
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Card ID: 1673815537056(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ouen shite kureta hito
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Card ID: 1673815537060(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
gakkou de sensei ga sugoi koto shite kureta n da yo
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Card ID: 1673815537064(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo matte kurete iru hito ga iru kara
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Card ID: 1673815537068(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
jaa yakusoku shite kuremasu ka
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Card ID: 1673815537072(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tsuki ga detara mata ai ni kite kureru tte
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Card ID: 1673815537076(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani okaasan ni tsukutte kureta no
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Card ID: 1673815537078As for today, [he] came to give [me] the favor of meeting you.
Here, the speaker is introducing her husband to her passed away mother (they are standing in front of the mother's grave).
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Card ID: 1673815537080(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou ha okaasan ni ai ni kite kureta n da yo
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Card ID: 1673815537082Last year, father gave [me] the favor of making this.
kyonen: last year
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Card ID: 1673815537084(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyonen otousan ga tsukutte kureta no
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Card ID: 1673815537086Did [she] come to see [me] off?
miokuri: seeing one off; farewell
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Card ID: 1673815537088(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
miokuri ni kite kureta no ka
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Card ID: 1673815537090Did [you] especially come to see [me] off?
wazawaza: expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do)
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Card ID: 1673815537092(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
wazawaza miokuri ni kite kureta no ka
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Card ID: 1673815537094Grandma gave [me] the favor of teaching [this to me].
oshieru: to teach; to instruct
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Card ID: 1673815537096(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
obaachan ga oshiete kureta
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Card ID: 1673815537098The adult gave something to the kid and says: [This is] the gratitude/"thank you" for giving me the favor of leading the way.
orei: thanks; gratitude (teineigo, note the "o"-prefix)
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Card ID: 1673815537100(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
annai shite kureta orei desu
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Card ID: 1673815537102Give [me] the favor of not saying [it] this way.
In order to ask someone to not do something, add "de" to the negative verb and add "kureru". Note that this is not the te-form.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html
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Card ID: 1673815537104(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
maamaa sou iwanaide kureru
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Card ID: 1673815537106If [you] don't remember, give me the favor of not overdoing it (i.e. don't think too hard if you're not remembering it).
In order to ask someone to not do something, add "de" to the negative verb and add "kureru". Note that this is not the te-form.
muri: unreasonable, forced
muri suru: to try too hard
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html
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Card ID: 1673815537108(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
oboetenai nara muri shinaide kureru
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Card ID: 1673815537112(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
wasurenaide kureru watashi no koto
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Card ID: 1673815537114I wonder if [you] could give [me] the favor of not teasing me.
karakau: to tease; to make fun of
In order to ask someone to not do something, add "de" to the negative verb and add "kureru". Note that this is not the te-form.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html
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Card ID: 1673815537116(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
karakawanaide kureru ka na
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Card ID: 1673815537118[I am happy] because mother was giving me the favor of bringing [this].
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Card ID: 1673815537120(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
okaasan ga motte kite kureta n da
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Card ID: 1673815537122Here, the mother is speaking and referring to herself in third person: [You can leave it here] because [I, mother] give you the favor of taking it with me / bringing it [there].
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Card ID: 1673815537124(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
okaasan ga motte itte ageru kara
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Card ID: 1673815537128(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore mo ouen ni kite yatta ze
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Card ID: 1673815537130[I] did the preparations for you! Come! (very casual, "koi" is the casual command form of "kuru", covered soon).
Caution, Tae Kim writes: "Usually used for pets, animals, and such, you can substitute yaru for ageru. You would normally never use this type of yaru for people".
It's often used in anime though. It's very casual, less polite and usually used to express that the receiver of the item or favor is inferior. Have a look at the references if you're interested.
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Card ID: 1673815537132(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
youi shite yatta zo saa koi
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Card ID: 1673815537134
The use of yaru
I found the use of "yaru" not so easy to understand in some cases. Now that the key use cases are covered, here is a short summary of the most important points:
- suru vs. yaru: Both can mean "to do", but yaru is only used for physical activities
- -te yaru can be a way to look down on someone
- There are some common phrases, where yaru is used, e.g. yarareta - you got me.
Read more
here if you want to know more, but don't worry about the fine details too much.
Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815537136[I'm super happy] because I received a letter!
morau: to receive
morau can be used as: [item] wo morau.
morau implies that something is received by the speaker or someone close to the speaker. If used in third person (e.g. he received), it means that "he" received something from another person, but not from the speaker. In other words, morau
never means "he gets from me", so the giver is never the speaker or someone close to the speaker. This is explained very well in the book "making sense of Japanese", p. 54. Remark: This was corrected in v14, sorry for the mistake.
References:
https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/receiving-and-giving/http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html
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Card ID: 1673815537140[I / you] received a reply!
morau can be used as: [item] wo morau (the "wo" is dropped here, it's casual speech).
morau implies that something is received by the speaker or someone close to the speaker. If used in third person (e.g. he received), it means that "he" received something from another person, but not from the speaker. In other words, morau
never means "he gets from me", so the giver is never the speaker or someone close to the speaker. This is explained very well in the book "making sense of Japanese", p. 54. Remark: This was corrected in v14, sorry for the mistake.
References:
https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/receiving-and-giving/http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html
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Card ID: 1673815537144[I'm not good at this] so in the end, [I] received helping from mother.
morau can not only be used for receiving objects, but also for actions by using "-te morau".
morau implies that something is received by the speaker or someone close to the speaker. If used in third person (e.g. he received), it means that "he" received something from another person, but not from the speaker. In other words, morau
never means "he gets from me", so the giver is never the speaker or someone close to the speaker. This is explained very well in the book "making sense of Japanese", p. 54. Remark: This was corrected in v14, sorry for the mistake.
saigo: end; conclusion, also: In the end.
References:
https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/receiving-and-giving/http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html
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Card ID: 1673815537146(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
saigo ha okaasan ni tetsudatte moratta no
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Card ID: 1673815537148Can [I] receive the explaining of this problem -> Can you explain this problem to me?
morau can also used as: -te morau to receive an action that someone does for you.
morau implies that something is received by the speaker or someone close to the speaker. If used in third person (e.g. he received), it means that "he" received something from another person, but not from the speaker. In other words, morau
never means "he gets from me", so the giver is never the speaker or someone close to the speaker. This is explained very well in the book "making sense of Japanese", p. 54. Remark: This was corrected in v14, sorry for the mistake.
References:
https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/receiving-and-giving/http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html
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Card ID: 1673815537150(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kono mondai oshiete moratte ii desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815537152[I] want to receive [your] helping / assisting, but...
morau can also used as: -te morau to receive an action that someone does for you.
morau implies that something is received by the speaker or someone close to the speaker. If used in third person (e.g. he received), it means that "he" received something from another person, but not from the speaker. In other words, morau
never means "he gets from me", so the giver is never the speaker or someone close to the speaker. This is explained very well in the book "making sense of Japanese", p. 54. Remark: This was corrected in v14, sorry for the mistake.
References:
https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/receiving-and-giving/http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html
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Card ID: 1673815537154(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tetsudatte moraitai n da ga
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Card ID: 1673815537156[I] wonder if [I] can receive talking [from him] someday...
This again sounds pretty weird in English, but I try to keep the translations close to Japanese. What the speaker wants to express is: "I wonder if he will talk to me someday".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html#part5
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Card ID: 1673815537158(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
itsuka hanashite moraeru ka na
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Card ID: 1673815537160[I] wonder if [I] can receive [some of his] time.
Note the potential form: moraeru - can receive.
As you can see, "morau" is also useful when you want to ask for a favor. Usually, kureru and moraeru are used for this, Tae Kim covers this in a small section.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html#part5
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Card ID: 1673815537162(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
jikan wo moraeru ka na
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Card ID: 1673815537164[I] wonder if [I] can receive forgiving.
Here, forgiving is considered a favor that the speaker receives from someone.
As you can see, "morau" is also useful when you want to ask for a favor. Usually, kureru and moraeru are used for this, Tae Kim covers this in a small section.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html#part5
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Card ID: 1673815537166(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yurushite moraeru darou ka
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Card ID: 1673815537168Can't [I] receive [you] showing [this to me]?
The negative form of "-te morau" makes asking for favors a bit more polite. Note that we have the negative potential form here (negative: moraimasen - don't receive, potential: moraeru - can receive).
You could also simply ask: "misete?" but that's a lot less polite. "misete moraimasu ka" would be a better option. The negative "morau" then makes this request a bit more indirect and thus more polite.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html#part5
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Card ID: 1673815537170(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
misete moraemasen ka
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Card ID: 1673815537172Can't [I] receive [you] explaining [this to me]?
The negative form of "-te morau" makes asking for favors a bit more polite. Note, that we have the negative potential form here (negative: moraimasen - don't receive, potential: moraeru - can receive).
As you can see, "morau" is also useful when you want to ask for a favor. Usually, kureru and moraeru are used for this, Tae Kim covers this in a small section.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/favor.html#part5
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Card ID: 1673815537174(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
oshiete ha moraemasen ka
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Card ID: 1673815537176[I don't have time] because [I] am tidying up the room.
katadzukeru: to tidy up; to put in order
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Card ID: 1673815537178(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
heya katadzukeru kara
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Card ID: 1673815537182(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
heya no katadzuke tetsudatte kuremasen ka
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Card ID: 1673815537184Please wait a little bit.
-te kudasai: Polite way of making a request (i.e. please to "verb in -te form").
Making a request this way is more direct than asking for a favor with "kureru" or "moraeru".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/requests.html
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Card ID: 1673815537186(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
chotto matte kudasai
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Card ID: 1673815537190(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kantan ni iwanaide kudasai
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Card ID: 1673815537200Please don't follow me
-te kudasai: Polite way of making a request (i.e. please to "verb in te form").
To make a negative request, use "negative verb + de kudasai", just as we learned in the context of "morau" and "kureru" before.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/requests.html
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Card ID: 1673815537202(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
uwaa tsuite konaide kudasai
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Card ID: 1673815537210(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
reisei ni kangaete mite kudasai
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Card ID: 1673815537226(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ki ni shinaide kudasai saa
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Card ID: 1673815537228Please don't go tomorrow.
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Card ID: 1673815537230(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ashita ikanaide kudasai
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Card ID: 1673815537232Please don't joke -> Please tell the truth.
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Card ID: 1673815537234(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
joudan iwanaide kudasai
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Card ID: 1673815537236asatte: day after tomorrow
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Card ID: 1673815537240As for that, I guess [we] do it again [physical action] the day after tomorrow?
deshou: right?; don't you agree? (if used in a question). If used without question, it means: I guess, I think -> more on this word later.
Remark: This audio type (real world dorama) is quite hard to understand, so don't worry if you don't understand the individual words yet.
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Card ID: 1673815537242(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore mata asatte toka yaru n deshou
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Card ID: 1673815537244Don't come!
In casual speech, the "kudasai" can be dropped.
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Card ID: 1673815537248Don't worry / forget about it!
In casual speech, the "kudasai" can be dropped.
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Card ID: 1673815537252Don't put / throw me into the sea!
In casual speech, the "kudasai" can be dropped.
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Card ID: 1673815537254(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi wo umi ni irenaide
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Card ID: 1673815537256Hang in there / do your best!
In casual speech, the "kudasai" can be dropped. I think we already had a few examples of the -te form without "kudasai" on previous cards. It's sort of a soft command.
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Card ID: 1673815537260Also play with me [not only with the others]!
In casual speech, the "kudasai" can be dropped. I think we already had a few examples of the -te form without "kudasai" on previous cards. It's sort of a soft command.
Here, we have the "to" particle as it was originally introduced: It means "with" in this case - just in case you forgot after all the other examples.
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Card ID: 1673815537262(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku to mo asonde yo
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Card ID: 1673815537266(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi to tomodachi de ite
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Card ID: 1673815537268Help me!
"kure" is the command form of "kureru". It's often used in anime, but
be careful: This is rough and casual, Tae Kim writes: "For those who want to sound particularly commanding and manly [when making a request], it is also possible to use kure".
I added this for the sake of completeness in the context of making requests, don't use it yourself in a conversation. More on the command form in a few cards...
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/author/tae-kim/page/14/
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Card ID: 1673815537272Eat the steamed bun with everybody!
"kure" is the command form of "kureru". It's often used in anime, but
be careful: This is rough and casual, Tae Kim writes: "For those who want to sound particularly commanding and manly [when making a request], it is also possible to use kure".
The character saying this sentence always talks very casual. Don't imitate this (and suspend the card if you're unsure ;)).
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Card ID: 1673815537274(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mushipan minna de kutte kure
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Card ID: 1673815537276I beg [you], listen to [my] talk / to what I have to say!
"kure" is the command form of "kureru". It's often used in anime, but
be careful: This is rough and casual, Tae Kim writes: "For those who want to sound particularly commanding and manly [when making a request], it is also possible to use kure".
References:
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Card ID: 1673815537278(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tanomu kara hanashi wo kiite kure
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Card ID: 1673815537280If [you] want to laugh, then laugh!
"kure" is the command form of "kureru". It's often used in anime, but
be careful: This is rough and casual, Tae Kim writes: "For those who want to sound particularly commanding and manly [when making a request], it is also possible to use kure".
warau -> waraitai -> waraitakereba (i.e. the if-form of the want-form).
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Card ID: 1673815537282(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
waraitakereba waratte kure
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Card ID: 1673815537284Please hurry.
choudai is a more casual replacement for "kudasai":
References:
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Card ID: 1673815537288Please [give me] some time.
choudai is a more casual replacement for "kudasai":
References:
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Card ID: 1673815537290(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sukoshi jikan wo choudai
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Card ID: 1673815537292Watch!
nasai: Use it together with the verb stem to issue a friendly yet firm command. Reminder: Here are the
rules for getting the verb stem. However, I'd recommend to get used to the "-masu" form, which is super common. Then just omit "-masu" to get the stem.
mi: stem of miru (to watch).
Side note: "nasai" is a honorific conjugation of "suru".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/command
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Card ID: 1673815537298(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sonotoki ha akirame nasai
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Card ID: 1673815537300Wait!
machi: stem of matsu (to wait)
nasai: Use it together with the verb stem to issue a friendly yet firm command. Reminder: Here are the
rules for getting the verb stem. However, I'd recommend to get used to the "-masu" form, which is super common. Then just omit "-masu" to get the stem.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/command
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Card ID: 1673815537304Come!
ki: stem of kuru (to come)
nasai: Use it together with the verb stem to issue a friendly yet firm command. Reminder: Here are the
rules for getting the verb stem. However, I'd recommend to get used to the "-masu" form, which is super common. Then just omit "-masu" to get the stem.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/command
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Card ID: 1673815537314(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
atatakai miruku yo nomi nasai
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Card ID: 1673815537318(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sukoshi ochitsuki nasai
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Card ID: 1673815537322(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sa namae wo kaki nasai
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Card ID: 1673815537324Eat quickly! [I] leave [it, food] here.
sassato: quickly (caution:
rude!)
Here we have the command form (taberu -> tabero). According to Tae Kim, it "is quite rude so you should use it with caution (if at all)". For -ru verbs, simply replace "ru/る" with "ro/ろ". Or vice versa: If a verb ends on "-ro", you have the command form.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/command#Command_Form
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Card ID: 1673815537326(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sassato tabero oiteiku zo
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Card ID: 1673815537328Drink!
Here we have the command form (nomu -> nome). According to Tae Kim, it "is quite rude so you should use it with caution (if at all)".
For -u verbs, simply replace the -u vowel sound (mu in this case) by an -e vowel sound (me in this case) to get this form. Or the sloppy listening comprehension rule: If a verb ends on ke/け, se/せ, te/て, ne/ね, me/め (or even sloppier*: if it ends on -e) and is not in -te form, you have the command form.
*Why sloppier? Because the -e in the end of a verb is an artifact of the romanization and does not exist as single character. The Japanese alphabet does have an "e" character, but this one is not used here - only the ones I listed above.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/command#Command_Form
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Card ID: 1673815537340Don't try too hard!
In order to get the negative command form, simply add a "na" after the verb. In some cases it's easy to mix this up with the "na"-sentence ending particle, but the latter is used for seeking confirmation and the pronunciation is very different (an example follows soon).
Again: Rather Rude!
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Card ID: 1673815537344Don't sleep!
In order to get the negative command form, simply add a "na" after the verb. In some cases it's easy to mix this up with the "na"-sentence ending particle, but the latter is used for seeking confirmation and the pronunciation is very different.
Again: Rather Rude!
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Card ID: 1673815537348Don't come!
In order to get the negative command form, simply add a "na" after the verb. In some cases it's easy to mix this up with the "na"-sentence ending particle, but the latter is used for seeking confirmation and the pronunciation is very different.
Again: Rather Rude!
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Card ID: 1673815537352Don't forget!
In order to get the negative command form, simply add a "na" after the verb. In some cases it's easy to mix this up with the "na"-sentence ending particle, but the latter is used for seeking confirmation and the pronunciation is very different.
Again: Rather Rude!
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Card ID: 1673815537358(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kowai hanashi suru na
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Card ID: 1673815537360Here we have the other "na" - as you can hear, the pronunciation is very different.
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Card ID: 1673815537364
Summary
Here's a summary of asking for favors, making requests and commanding people:
- mizu wo kudasai - please give me water.
- mite kudasai - please look.
- mite - look (not really an order, rather a casual "hey, look!"
- minaide kudasai - please don't look.
- minaide - don't look (not really an order, rather a casual "hey, don't look!"
- mite kuremasu / kuremasen ka - can / can't you give me the favor of having a look?
- mite moraemasu / moraemasen ka - can / can't I receive [the favor of] you looking at this? (weird to translate).
- mi nasai - watch (polite, but firm order).
- miro! - look!! command form, casual, rough order (don't use this).
- miru na! - don't look!! command form, casual, rough order (don't use this).
I used to mix up some conjugations, maybe keep the following in mind:
- miro (command form), taken as volitional, which however is "miyou". This is always the case for -ru verbs.
- miru na (negative command) vs. "na"-sentence ending particle that adds emphasis or seeks for confirmation. The pronunciation is very different.
- minaide (negative request) vs. minakute (negative -te form)
- mate (order form of matsu) vs. matte (-te form of matsu)
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Card ID: 1673815537366[I like this book] because [it] is interesting. When [you] return home, try to read [it].
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Card ID: 1673815537368(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omoshiroi kara sa kaettara yonde mite yo
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Card ID: 1673815537370Put a little bit of strength / force / power in.
The "na" here is not the negative order "na", listen to the pronunciation.
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Card ID: 1673815537372(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sukoshi chikara wo irete na
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Card ID: 1673815537374Because [I] finished breakfast preparations, come quickly!
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Card ID: 1673815537376(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
asagohan youi dekita kara hayaku kite ne
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Card ID: 1673815537378Think about the meaning of a kiss!
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Card ID: 1673815537380(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kisu no imi toka kangaete
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Card ID: 1673815537382Amazing, also show [this] to me.
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Card ID: 1673815537384(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sugoi watashi ni mo misete
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Card ID: 1673815537386Go [out] to buy [something] and... -> the "and" is from the -te form, the speaker continues.
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Card ID: 1673815537390Come over again any time.
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Card ID: 1673815537392(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mata itsu demo asobi ni kite ne
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Card ID: 1673815537394Come to see!
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Card ID: 1673815537398Wait a sec!
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Card ID: 1673815537402Look into my eyes and talk [say this again]!
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Card ID: 1673815537404(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi no me wo mite hanashite
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Card ID: 1673815537406Be careful!
Another example with "ki" - we had "ki ni suru - to mind" before. This sentence literally means "attach your mind", which means to be careful.
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Card ID: 1673815537410Well, [this] was good, wasn't it?
jan -> casual for "janai". Note that this "jan" is only used to confirm the positive, in the sense of: "It was good, wasn't it?"
Tae Kim has an entire section on slang, we already covered quite a bit of it. I add a few more examples, but not all. Most of this is quite easy to understand, if you keep studying with anime, you'll pick up a lot more.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/slang
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Card ID: 1673815537420(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nannani shi yagaru n
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Card ID: 1673815537422
Remark
From the slang chapter, I omitted many not so common examples and things we already had. You can read the entire section
here.
Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815537428[You think I] let [you] do [this]?
or: [He] made [you] do it?
saseru: causative of suru
Weird enough, the causative form not only means "to make someone do something", but also "to
let someone do something. This really confused me, because I had only learned the causative as "make someone do something". In many cases I then wondered: Why are they forcing him to do it?! In fact, they
allowed him to do it, though. Which one is actually meant must be derived from context.
So: Causative: to make or to let someone do something. For -ru verbs, replace "-ru" with "-saseru".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepasshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bt7V6JJjQu4
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Card ID: 1673815537434(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ni dake yakusoku saseru na
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Card ID: 1673815537436[You] let pikachu decide?
kimesaseru: causative of kimeru (to decide)
Weird enough, the causative form not only means "to make someone do something", but also "to
let someone do something. This really confused me, because I had only learned the causative as "make someone do something". In many cases I then wondered: Why are they forcing him to do it?! In fact, they
allowed him to do it, though. Note that by letting pikachu decide, they make him do the decision, so this is where the similarity might come from. They're not forcing him though.
So: Causative: to make or to let someone do something. For -ru verbs, replace "-ru" with "-saseru".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepasshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bt7V6JJjQu4
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Card ID: 1673815537438(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
pikachuu ni kimesaseru no
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Card ID: 1673815537440As for "what do we do?" [We] let nero decide. [Prev. translation was pretty bad, sorry ;): What should we do? Should we make/let nero decide?]
Weird enough, the causative form not only means "to make someone do something", but also "to
let someone do something. This really confused me, because I had only learned the causative as "make someone do something". In many cases I then wondered: Why are they forcing him to do it?! In fact, they
allowed him to do it, though. Which one is actually meant must be derived from context.
So: Causative: to make or to let someone do something. For -ru verbs, replace "-ru" with "-saseru".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass
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Card ID: 1673815537442(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dou suru ka ha nero ni kimesaseru
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Card ID: 1673815537446(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
subete ha kare ni kimesaseru
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Card ID: 1673815537448As for that, [I already] did it before.
mae: before
More causative soon...
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Card ID: 1673815537450(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore ha mae ni yatta
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Card ID: 1673815537452[A:This guy is like me. B: Yeah, ] As for me, [I] was aware of this for a long time.
kidzuku: to notice; to realize; to realise; to become aware (of); to perceive; to sense
Corrected in v14.
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Card ID: 1673815537454(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha zutto mae kara kidzuite imashita yo
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Card ID: 1673815537456[I] make coffee and come back.
Remark 1: The expression "-te kuru" means: I go, do xxx and come back. In English, you'd probably just say: "I go [into the kitchen] and make coffee" instead of "I make coffee and come back". See ref.
Remark 2: literally, "ireru" means to put in or to pour in. In case of coffee or tea, it just means to make coffee or tea. There's a podcast episode in the follow-up deck that explains this in detail ;).
ko-hi-: coffee. The weird "-" marks prolong the vowels and are artifacts from romanizing katakana. This is a different Japanese writing system used for spelling loan words from other languages. In katakana, vowels are prolonged using "ー", which results in "-" in the romanization.
More causative soon...
References:
https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8B-te-kuru-%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8D%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99-te-kimasu-meaning/
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Card ID: 1673815537458(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ko-hi- wo irete kimasu
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Card ID: 1673815537460As for beverage, [I] wonder if coffee is ok.
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Card ID: 1673815537462(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nomimono ha ko-hi- de ii ka na
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Card ID: 1673815537464A coffee, please.
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Card ID: 1673815537468As for now, [I] want to eat sweets.
amaimono: sweets; sweet food
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Card ID: 1673815537470(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ima amaimono ga tabetai
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Card ID: 1673815537472[He/you] liked sweets since long ago, didn't [he/you].
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Card ID: 1673815537474(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mukashi kara amaimono ga suki datta yo ne
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Card ID: 1673815537476[I] want to go home quickly and eat sweets.
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Card ID: 1673815537478(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hayaku kaette amaimono ga tabetai
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Card ID: 1673815537480Before [having] coffee, make [them] eat sweets!
tabesaseru: causative of taberu (to eat)
The polar bear is talking to an apprentice who's learning to brew good coffee. This sentence is his trick, to make the coffee taste better (just make the coffee tasters eat sweets before the coffee).
Causative: to make or to let someone do something. For -ru verbs, replace "-ru" with "-saseru".
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Card ID: 1673815537482(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ko-hi- no mae ni amaimono wo tabesaseru
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Card ID: 1673815537486(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
obentou tabesasete moratte ii ka na
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Card ID: 1673815537488[I] talk to kai once more.
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Card ID: 1673815537490(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kai to mouichido hanashi wo shimasu
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Card ID: 1673815537492[I] talk [to him] and make [him] stop.
A verb in causative form can be conjugated futher (technically, all causative forms are ru verbs).
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Card ID: 1673815537494(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hanashite yamesasemasu
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Card ID: 1673815537496[I won't] let [you] do [it].
This is the negative causative.
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Card ID: 1673815537500[I] won't let [you] kill [it]!
This is the negative causative.
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Card ID: 1673815537504[This is really rude...] making [me] listen to something like this!
nante: things like; something like (expresses disdain, dislike, astonishment)
kikaseru: causative of kiku (to hear, to listen to)
Causative: to make or to let someone do something. For -u verbs, change the verb to negative form and then replace "nai" by "seru".
Hacky rule of thumb for listening comprehension: If a verb ends on -seru, it's almost always causative. The only exception are -u verbs ending on -su, e.g. hanaseru is the potential form, while the causative e.g. is: hanasu -> hanasanai -> hanasaseru.
Editor's remark: your lie in april, 18-18:46
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass
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Card ID: 1673815537506(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
konna no kikaseru nante
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Card ID: 1673815537508When [you] return, let me hear many enjoyable/fun stories. Note that the speaker is not really asking for permission here, she just wants to hear some interesting stories when the guy returns from his trip. Asking for pemission is rather done using "kiite mo ii desu ka" as we learned before.
kikasete: causative -te form of kiku.
Causative: to make or to let someone do something. For -u verbs, change the verb to negative form and then replace "nai" by "seru".
Hacky rule of thumb for listening comprehension: If a verb ends on -seru, it's almost always causative. The only exception are -u verbs ending on -su, e.g. hanaseru is the potential form, while the causative e.g. is: hanasu -> hanasanai -> hanasaseru.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass
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Card ID: 1673815537510(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kaettara tanoshii ohanashi ippai kikasete ne
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Card ID: 1673815537512Come on, let [me / him] hear [it]!
If the causative is used together with ageru, kureru, morau or kudasai, it almost always means: to let someone do something, not to make someone do it.
Causative: to make or to let someone do something; -u verbs: use negative and replace -nai with -seru. -ru verbs: replace -ru with -saseru. Causative verbs may be conjugated further.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass
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Card ID: 1673815537516Yes, please let me swim.
If the causative is used together with ageru, kureru, morau or kudasai, it almost always means: to let someone do something, not to make someone do it.
Causative: to make or to let someone do something; -u verbs: use negative and replace -nai with -seru. -ru verbs: replace -ru with -saseru. Causative verbs may be conjugated further.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass
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Card ID: 1673815537518(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hai oyogasete kudasai
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Card ID: 1673815537520Let [me] swim!
If the causative is used together with ageru, kureru, morau or kudasai, it almost always means: to let someone do something, not to make someone do it.
Causative: to make or to let someone do something; -u verbs: use negative and replace -nai with -seru. -ru verbs: replace -ru with -saseru. Causative verbs may be conjugated further.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass
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Card ID: 1673815537526(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
gomen ne matasete shimatte
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Card ID: 1673815537528Please let [me] wait here. [My] condition is a bit bad.
guai: condition; health; state (of health)
Causative: to make or to let someone do something; -u verbs: use negative and replace -nai with -seru. -ru verbs: replace -ru with -saseru. Causative verbs may be conjugated further.
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Card ID: 1673815537530(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koko de matasete kudasai chotto guai ga warukute
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Card ID: 1673815537532The speaker is musing about how the owners of this restaurant let their customers enjoy sake to the fullest extend:
[In order to enjoy my sake, they] give [me] the favor of letting [me] drink [it] quietly [i.e. without talking to me / disturbing her].
Causative: to make or to let someone do something; -u verbs: use negative and replace -nai with -seru. -ru verbs: replace -ru with -saseru. Causative verbs may be conjugated further.
Remark: In the previous translation, I didn't consider the direction of "kureru", changed in v14.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass
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Card ID: 1673815537534(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shizuka ni nomasete kureru
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Card ID: 1673815537536Who [did you] allow to drink [it]? I.e. the listener let someone drink something and the speaker is upset about it.
Causative: to make or to let someone do something; -u verbs: use negative and replace -nai with -seru. -ru verbs: replace -ru with -saseru. Causative verbs may be conjugated further.
Remark: Corrected the translation in v14.
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Card ID: 1673815537540Make [them] stop / come to an end!
Causative: to make or to let someone do something; -u verbs: use negative and replace -nai with -seru. -ru verbs: replace -ru with -saseru. Causative verbs may be conjugated further.
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Card ID: 1673815537544[I] make this sorrow end.
Causative: to make or to let someone do something; -u verbs: use negative and replace -nai with -seru. -ru verbs: replace -ru with -saseru. Causative verbs may be conjugated further.
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Card ID: 1673815537546(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
konna kanashimi owaraseru n da
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Card ID: 1673815537548
Why should I ignore something?!?!
On many cards before, I wrote: "Ignore this or that" - here's why: In many cases, it is not essential to understand every little detail, word or grammar of a sentence. The key message is just fine. In fact, understanding the last final tiny detail will cost you much more time. I often crawled the internet in search for explanations, while I could as well have learned a few new words or sentences in the meantime. In a nutshell, it's the
pareto principle applied to language learning.
Takeaway message: Ignoring some things you don't understand yet is a virtue, not a flaw. It will speed you up a lot.Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815537550As for today, [he is on] vacation. Literally, it's "as for today, it's vacation", from context it is clear that it is "his" vacation (some person these guys talk about).
yasumi: vacation; holiday; absence; suspension
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Card ID: 1673815537552(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou ha yasumi da yo
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Card ID: 1673815537554[You] make/let [them] say [it]?
Reminder: Negative of iu is iwanai.
Causative: to make or to let someone do something; -u verbs: use negative and replace -nai with -seru. -ru verbs: replace -ru with -saseru. Causative verbs may be conjugated further.
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Card ID: 1673815537558[I] quit. [You] quit?! Why?!
yameru: to quit, to resign (it also means: to stop, but this word is written with a different kanji).
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Card ID: 1673815537560(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yameta yameta doushite
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Card ID: 1673815537562Here we have the coffee apprentice once again. He's trying to learn how to make really good coffee and the "ezorisu - hokkaido squirrels" are judging his skills. However, the poor guy could not convince them. He says:
Until [I] make the squirrels say "tasty" [how much more time will it take?! -> next card]
Causative: to make or to let someone do something; -u verbs: use negative and replace -nai with -seru. -ru verbs: replace -ru with -saseru. Causative verbs may be conjugated further.
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Card ID: 1673815537564(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ezorisutachi ni oishii tte iwaseru made ni
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Card ID: 1673815537566[Your favorite food] is bread?
pan: bread; (sweet) pastry
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Card ID: 1673815537570Huh? Is this a bakery?
panya: bakery; baker; pastry shop
-ya is a suffix used for certain shops. I.e. pan is bread, panya means bakery. The same for niku (meat) nikuya (butcher's shop).
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Card ID: 1673815537572(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
are koko pan'ya na no
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Card ID: 1673815537574How much [time] will it take [until the squirrels finally like my coffee?!]
kakaru: to take (a resource, e.g. time or money)
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Card ID: 1673815537576(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dore dake kakaru n darou
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Card ID: 1673815537578Don't answer him!
kotaeru: to answer
Reminders:
- verb + na: negative command form, rude
- yatsu: Derogatory way to address someone, don't use this
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Card ID: 1673815537582As for tomorrow, [will] you come to school?
ashita: tomorrow
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Card ID: 1673815537584(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ashita ha gakkou ni kuru no ka
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Card ID: 1673815537586Now the polar bear gives some important advice: [You] want [them] to say "oishii".
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Card ID: 1673815537588(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
oishii tte itte hoshii n da
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Card ID: 1673815537590Don't talk to me!
hanashikakeru: to address (someone), to start a conversation
Reminder: verb + na is the negative command form, rude.
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Card ID: 1673815537594An unknown number? (listen, someone is calling this guy, but he doesn't know the incoming number).
bangou: number, series of digits
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Card ID: 1673815537598002 - this is a number [I] have not seen before.
I cover numbers in a separate deck, which is linked later in this course. This one is easy though: zero-zero-ni (ni is Japanese for two, zero is sometimes used for 0).
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Card ID: 1673815537600(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
002 mita koto nai bangou da
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Card ID: 1673815537602[I] don't know [his] phone number.
Remember denwa (phone)? denwabangou is a phone number, but as you learned from the previous card, you can also just say: bangou.
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Card ID: 1673815537604(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
denwabangou shira na- i
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Card ID: 1673815537606My phone, my cellphone... [seems like she lost it]
denwa: phone
keitaidenwa: cellphone
keitai: short for cellphone
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Card ID: 1673815537608(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi no keitai ga keitaidenwa ga
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Card ID: 1673815537610Since [I] don't have a smartphone [I] cannot call [him].
sumaho: smartphone
denwa is also a suru-verb: denwa suru - to call someone.
Reminder: dekiru is the (irregular) potential form of suru and means "to be able to do"
There's also a longer version of "sumaho", but I'll skip this for now.
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Card ID: 1673815537612(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sumaho mottenai kara denwa mo dekinai shi
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Card ID: 1673815537614[You want them to like your coffee? Well...] A good method exists... [You know the result from an earlier card: Make them eat sweets before!
houhou: method; process; manner
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Card ID: 1673815537620(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
okaeri ofuro ni suru soretomo gohan nante
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Card ID: 1673815537622[Do you] return to the classroom or the club room?
soretomo: or
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Card ID: 1673815537624(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyoushitsu ni modoru soretomo bushitsu
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Card ID: 1673815537626Please climb / come down the chair.
isu: chair
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Card ID: 1673815537628(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
isu kara orite kudasai
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Card ID: 1673815537630Please don't show my picture to anyone.
shashin: picture, photo
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Card ID: 1673815537632(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi no shashin dare ni mo misenaide ne
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Card ID: 1673815537634Can I return home?
If you want to ask for permission, the "-te mo ii" grammar is more common than the causative.
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Card ID: 1673815537636(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku kaette mo ii desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815537640(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sukoshi mite kite mo ii desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815537642Sensei, can
I do it [physical action]?
If you want to ask for permission, the "-te mo ii" grammar is more common than the causative.
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Card ID: 1673815537644(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sensei watashi ga yatte mo ii desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815537646[You] can sit down.
suwaru: to sit, to sit down
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Card ID: 1673815537650Why are there so many different [kinds of food] -> the speaker has trouble choosing the right dish.
iroiro: various; all sorts of
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Card ID: 1673815537652(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nande konnani iroiro aru n da
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Card ID: 1673815537654Did [you] see this video?
douga: video (esp. digital); video clip
Especially in Japanese YouTube videos, you will hear the word "douga" a lot, when people say: "In this video..."
References:
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Card ID: 1673815537658[I will] stand up (the speaker is carrying someone on the shoulders, who just got on).
tatsu: to stand; to rise; to stand up
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Card ID: 1673815537662[I was surprised and screamed] because [I] thought somebody is standing [there]?
tatsu: to stand; to rise; to stand up
Reminder: tatteru is short for tatte iru.
The speaker was shocked and screamed, because he thought someone might be in the room. However, it was only dresses hanging there. He explains his screaming by saying this. So the "no" here is the typical explanatory one and the "ka" expresses his uncertainty by asking: Was someone there? Altogether, the sentence ending on "ka" is a clause the speaker talks about. Is it clearer now? I add this explanation to the card. It's from natsume's book of friends, s3 e5 after 5:40.
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Card ID: 1673815537664(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hito ga tatteru no ka to omotta
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Card ID: 1673815537666
Remark
Maggie Sensei has a good article with many examples on the causative form, here's the
link. Note that she also covers the passive form in this article, which we will have a look at next.
Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815537668Next we cover passive verbs, here are some good news: THIS IS THE LAST VERB CONJUGATION!!!!1 The remainder of Tae Kim's book is very easy I'd say. Hang in there!
Passive and potential are actually the same for -ru verbs, so this means:
[something] can be stopped (potential form)
[something] is being stopped (passive)
Passive: Something is done or was done, the "doer" is unknown or not relevant. For -ru verbs, replace -ru by -rareru.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass#Passive_Verbs
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Card ID: 1673815537676Passive and potential are actually the same for -ru verbs, so this means:
[something] can be seen in this darkness (potential)?
[something] is being seen in this darkness (passive)?
kurasa: darkness (kurai - dark + sa (makes i-adjectives to nouns))
Passive: Something is done or was done, the "doer" is unknown or not relevant. For -ru verbs, replace -ru by -rareru.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass#Passive_Verbs
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Card ID: 1673815537678(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kono kurasa de mirareru ka
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Card ID: 1673815537680[This] is heard [by someone], you moron!
Passive: Something is done or was done, the "doer" is unknown or not relevant. For -u verbs, use the negative form, but replace -nai with -reru. Hacky rule of thumb: If a verb ends on -reru, it's most likely passive (or potential).
Don't let this intimidate you, I'll add some general advice on the next card.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass#Passive_Verbs
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Card ID: 1673815537684
Don't let verb conjugations intimidate you
The variety and similarity of verb conjugations can be very intimidating. My common rule: Don't worry and don't let this get too close to you. My most important remark in this context is: The conjugations are not as important as you might think, in many cases it is sufficient to figure out the meaning of the verb in order to understand a sentence. Moreover, it's totally fine to ignore all the parts you don't fully understand yet and look them up later. I'll elaborate on this towards the end of this course.
Two sites might be helpful, they can conjugate verbs:
Japanese verb conjugator or
verbix.
Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815537696(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nakama ga me no mae de kuwareta
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Card ID: 1673815537700(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
iwareru made kidzukanakatta
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Card ID: 1673815537702
Showing politeness by using passive forms
In Japanese, the passive form may be used to express additional politeness. In short: The less direct a sentence becomes, the more polite it gets. The confusing thing here is that this may be used in an actual conversation, i.e. you talk to someone, while not addressing the person directly. Here's an example with "suru" taken from Tae Kim's book:
- dou suru? - What will you do?
- dou shimasu ka - What will you do (regular polite)
- dou saremasu ka - What will you do (passive polite)
Have a look at the next cards.
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Card ID: 1673815537718(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
doko he ikareru no ka na
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Card ID: 1673815537722(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
aa kiita koto ga aru
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Card ID: 1673815537724A lot of enjoyable things happened.
takusan: a lot; lots; plenty
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Card ID: 1673815537726(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
takusan tanoshii koto ga atta yo
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Card ID: 1673815537730(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
taisetsu na mono sore ha nani
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Card ID: 1673815537734(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ikitai tokoro da yo ikitai tokoro
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Card ID: 1673815537738(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yasashii tokoro mo ippai aru n da
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Card ID: 1673815537742(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ittara tanoshii kamoshirenai yo
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Card ID: 1673815537746(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mae ni mo itta kamoshirenai
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Card ID: 1673815537750(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nanika imi ga aru no kamoshirenai
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Card ID: 1673815537754(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
muzukashii koto kamoshirenai
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Card ID: 1673815537758(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi to anata ha niteru kamoshirenai
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Card ID: 1673815537770(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kanojo kizutsukete shimau kamoshiren
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Card ID: 1673815537774(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tatakau koto ni naru kamoshiremasen
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Card ID: 1673815537782(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha kanarazu katsu deshou
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Card ID: 1673815537784My friends will be surprised, I guess!
bikkuri suru: to be surprised; to be amazed
deshou: it seems; I think; I guess; I wonder
"deshou" also expresses a bit of uncertainty. However, the uncertainty is less than in case of "kamoshirenai". Keep in mind, that "uncertainty" has a large scale and does not mean someone is completely unsure. It can also be used "when someone is pretty sure something is that way, but not entirely", see ref below.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/certainty
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Card ID: 1673815537786(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tomodachi ga bikkuri shiteru deshou
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Card ID: 1673815537792[I] guess [you] understand how it will become / what will happen.
The casual version of "deshou" is "darou".
darou: seems; I think; I guess
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Card ID: 1673815537794(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dou naru ka wakatte iru darou na
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Card ID: 1673815537796[I] wonder what [they] are talking about together / the two of them...
futari: two persons
References:
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Card ID: 1673815537798(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
futari de nani hanashiteru n darou
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Card ID: 1673815537800What's the next lesson (casual!)?
jugyou: lesson
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Card ID: 1673815537802(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tsugi no jugyou nani
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Card ID: 1673815537804A teacher is speaking, he ends the lesson by saying: As for lesson, [it is] until this.
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Card ID: 1673815537808What did you do! During class [I mean].
chuu: during (can be appended to some words)
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Card ID: 1673815537810(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani yatteta no yo jugyouchuu ni
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Card ID: 1673815537814(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ni dake yakusoku saseru na
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Card ID: 1673815537822(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kangaeteru no ha kimi dake janai
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Card ID: 1673815537834(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
anata ha jibun no koto shika mitenai
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Card ID: 1673815537838(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo ima shika dekinai koto
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Card ID: 1673815537842(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sou sa meiwaku bakkari da
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Card ID: 1673815537846(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mainichi benkyou bakkari de
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Card ID: 1673815537850(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
amaimono bakkari da na
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Card ID: 1673815537854(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo ne otouto to ha kenka bakkari
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Card ID: 1673815537860
Bonus content: Video recommendations
Here are some videos with (hopefully) comprehensible content as bonus material, read more about this
here. More videos after about 150 cards.
Video 1: What is the cat doing? - From a very nice channel for beginners, make sure to check out her other videos
Video 2: Konbini story continues 2 - Again: Ignore numbers and dates, this is covered later
- Word hints: hitotsu - one (thing, item), anpan - Japanese bread
- Grammar hint: adjective + sou means "seems like". E.g. ureshisou - seems happy. This grammar is covered later.
Video 2: Konbini story continues 3 - Hint: oneesan does not always mean "sister", but can also be used to refer to e.g. a waitress.
- Grammar hint "-ba ii" means "should", literally it's "if doing xxx then it's good", which translates to "should".
Just the links for copy/pasting:
https://youtu.be/08zvf3XSaIkhttps://youtu.be/B7RK-qXBgSshttps://youtu.be/g9AWgfYjqOoAre these videos easy to understand for you? Please send feedback to joe@japanese-like-a-breeze.com. Thanks!
Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815537870Let's go to the hospital [and visit him].
byouin: hospital; clinic
References:
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Card ID: 1673815537878Why are [you] sleeping in this [weird] place?
basho: place; location; spot
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Card ID: 1673815537880(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
na nanda nande konna basho de neteru n da
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Card ID: 1673815537884(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore ha itai na ita sugiru
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Card ID: 1673815537886Who is sleeping next to kimari (literally: on kimari's next side)?
tonari: next (to); adjoining; adjacent, also: house next door
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Card ID: 1673815537888(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kimari no tonari ni dare ga neru ka
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Card ID: 1673815537892(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
aa dame da nemu sugiru
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Card ID: 1673815537894You also are doing slightly uncommon hobbies, aren't you?
shumi: hobby, but also: taste
kawaru: to change, but also: to be different / uncommon.
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Card ID: 1673815537896(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omae mo chotto kawatta shumi shiteru yo na
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Card ID: 1673815537902Mother also always worked out / did physical exercise.
undou: exercise; physical training; workout
References:
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Card ID: 1673815537904(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
okaasan mo itsumo undou shiteta
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Card ID: 1673815537906Are you Japanese?
-jin: suffix to indicate nationality: nihon + jin = Japanese person.
Reminder: nihon + go: Japanese language
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Card ID: 1673815537914Huh? Which house was it? Where [should I go]?
dono: which; what (way)
da kke: was it?; I think it was ...? used e.g. when someone is trying to remember something.
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Card ID: 1673815537916(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
are dono ie ni da kke doko ni
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Card ID: 1673815537918As for [your] origin, [is it] Japan? -> Are you from Japan?
shusshin: one's origin (e.g. city, country, parentage, school)
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Card ID: 1673815537926Both the hospital and the doctor among others could not do anything.
byouin: hospital; clinic
Reminder: "ya" is used for an incomplete listing of nouns. It means "and" and implies that there are more instances.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815537928(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
byouin ya isha ni ha nani mo dekimasen
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Card ID: 1673815537930What are [you] doing? At this time in this place?
basho: place; location; spot
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Card ID: 1673815537932(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani shite iru no konna jikan ni konna basho de
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Card ID: 1673815537934And
this was in the room next door (looks like they are investigating something and probably found the note in the guy's hand in the room next door).
tonari: next (to); adjoining; adjacent, also: house next door
Remark: The "ga" here sounds a bit like a "mo", but it's indeed a "ga", see Blood+, ep 19, 21:20+ for reference & context. Don't worry if you don't understand the "ga" perfectly, it's the speaker's fault :D.
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Card ID: 1673815537936(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
soshite kore ga tonari no heya ni atta
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Card ID: 1673815537938[I] don't know who told [you to do so] but: [Their] taste is too bad.
Here, the speaker was addressed using the witch of envy's name (which is bad). She asks the listener: I don't know who told you to use this name, but their taste is too bad.
shumi: hobby, but also: taste
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Card ID: 1673815537940(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dare ni iwareta ka shiranai kedo shumi ga waru sugiru
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Card ID: 1673815537956(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
warui joudan ni mo hodo ga aru
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Card ID: 1673815537960(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
naku hodo ureshii ka ｡
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Card ID: 1673815537964(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ha kono otoko hodo yasashikunai zo
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Card ID: 1673815537968(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shinu hodo osoroshikatta wa
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Card ID: 1673815537972(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kanashii sa shinu hodo kanashii
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Card ID: 1673815537976(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
are hodo no genki ha arimasen yo
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Card ID: 1673815537982For impoliteness, there's a limit!
shitsurei: discourtesy; impoliteness
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Card ID: 1673815537984(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shitsurei ni mo hodo ga aru
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Card ID: 1673815537986This is really high.
takai: high / expensive
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Tags: -
Card ID: 1673815537988(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hontouni takai desu wa ne
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Card ID: 1673815537990I heard that you are expensive (could also mean: tall)
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Card ID: 1673815537992(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
anata ga takai no ha kiite imasu
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Card ID: 1673815537994[This has] a height of 30 meters.
takasa: height
By replacing the "i" of an i-adjective with "sa" you nominalize it (we already had oishii -> oishisa before).
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Card ID: 1673815537996(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
30me-toru no takasa kara
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Card ID: 1673815537998As for temperature / fever, isn't it still there?-> [You want to go out, but] don't you still have temperature?
mada: still (don't mix it up with mata - again)
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Card ID: 1673815538000(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
netsu ha mada aru janai ka
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Card ID: 1673815538002As for menma, [she] still hasn't returned / didn't come home yet.
mada: still (don't mix it up with mata - again)
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Card ID: 1673815538004(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
menma ha mada kaette konai
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Card ID: 1673815538006Is menma's hair still long?
mada: still (don't mix it up with mata - again)
kami: hair
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Card ID: 1673815538008(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
menma mada kami nagai no ka
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Card ID: 1673815538010Wrong, [this optinion / anwer is] wrong.
chigau: to differ (from); to vary; to not match the correct (answer, etc.)
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Card ID: 1673815538014[I] guess kiriyama is wrong.
chigau: to differ (from); to vary; to not match the correct (answer, etc.)
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Card ID: 1673815538016(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
chigau daro kiriyama
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Card ID: 1673815538018Is [this answer] wrong?
chigau: to differ (from); to vary; to not match the correct (answer, etc.)
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Card ID: 1673815538022No, no, [it's] just an ordinary side job.
tada: ordinary, common
chigau: to differ (from); to vary; to not match the correct (answer, etc.)
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Card ID: 1673815538024(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
chigau chigau tada no baito da yo
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Card ID: 1673815538028(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mukashi to zenzen chigau n da kedo
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Card ID: 1673815538030[It's] the weird person from that time [before].
toki: time; hour; moment or also: occasion
Here, the speaker is meeting some strange person she met before.
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Card ID: 1673815538032(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ano toki no myou na hito
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Card ID: 1673815538036(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ano toki boku ga itte hoshikatta no ha
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Card ID: 1673815538038[I thought it was funny] because you were laughing at that time.
toki: time; hour; moment or also: occasion
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Card ID: 1673815538040(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kimi ha ano toki waratte ita kara
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Card ID: 1673815538042If [you are a] man, fighting-times are coming -> you will have to stand your ground.
toki: time; hour; moment or also: occasion
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Card ID: 1673815538044(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
otoko nara tatakau toki ga kuru
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Card ID: 1673815538046At that time [I] was seeing weird dreams and.... [didn't know what to do about it].
Reminder: The "and..." in the end is a consequence of the te-form.
toki: time; hour; moment or also: occasion
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Card ID: 1673815538048(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ano toki kowai yume wo mite ite
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Card ID: 1673815538050Do [you] remember the time when [we] first met?
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Card ID: 1673815538052(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hajimete atta toki no koto oboeteru
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Card ID: 1673815538054There were quarrels / disputes [among other things] and very enjoyable times.
toki: time; hour; moment or also: occasion
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Card ID: 1673815538056(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kenka mo atta shi sugoi tanoshii toki mo atta shi
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Card ID: 1673815538058Why do you talk to me?
koe: voice
koe wo kakeru: to greet; to call out (to); to start talking (to)
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Card ID: 1673815538060(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
naze watashi ni koe wo kakeru
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Card ID: 1673815538062The noise [we just heard], what is it?
oto: sound; noise; report
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Card ID: 1673815538064(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
i ima no oto nani darou
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Card ID: 1673815538066[And then] I started to talk [to him].
koe: voice
koe wo kakeru: to greet; to call out (to); to start talking (to)
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Card ID: 1673815538068(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ga koe wo kakemashita
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Card ID: 1673815538070What noise is this?
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Card ID: 1673815538072(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani no oto desu ka sore
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Card ID: 1673815538074Come in / enter quickly (command form, rough / unfriendly!)
hairu: to enter; to go into; to join
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Card ID: 1673815538078[It might be untidy] but I'd like to receive [you] letting me into the room. Good?
hairu: to enter; to go into; to join
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Card ID: 1673815538080(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
heya ni hairasete morau kedo ii
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Card ID: 1673815538082You are [talking in / making a] cute voice, aren't you.
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Card ID: 1673815538084(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omae kawaii koe shiteru yo na
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Card ID: 1673815538086Give me the favor of not entering this house!
I'd say the speaker is talking to a youkai (type of ghost, the entire anime revolves around this), so a rough command might be appropriate: "kure" is the command form of "kureru". Even though you hear it often in anime, try not to get used to it too much. Remember what Tae Kim wrote: "This command form is quite rude so you should use it with caution (if at all)"
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Card ID: 1673815538088(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kono ie ni hairanaide kure
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Card ID: 1673815538090Whats wrong? [Why are you making] this face?!
dou shita no: What's wrong? What happened?
kao: face
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Card ID: 1673815538092(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dou shita no sono kao
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Card ID: 1673815538096(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
doko kara ka koe ga kikoeru zo
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Card ID: 1673815538098Well, maybe it's like this [like you said].
maa - well...; I think...; it would seem... It's used when hesitating to express an opinion.
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Card ID: 1673815538100(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
maa sou kamoshirenai kedo naa
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Card ID: 1673815538102[I] would like to see this smile again.
egao: smile
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Card ID: 1673815538104(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ano egao wo mata mitai
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Card ID: 1673815538106It's ok, it's ok, [I] am not [your] enemy.
teki: enemy
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Card ID: 1673815538108(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daddaijoubu daijoubu teki janai zo
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Card ID: 1673815538110[That's] a weird answer, isn't it? Well, but it's fine...
maa - well...; I think...; it would seem... It's used when hesitating to express an opinion.
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Card ID: 1673815538112(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hen na henji da na maa ii kedo
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Card ID: 1673815538114[I] was worrying.
shinpai: worry; concern
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Card ID: 1673815538116(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shinpai shite imashita
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Card ID: 1673815538118[We] might be making an enemy (unintentionally, by the things they are currently doing - whatever this might be, I haven't seen this anime).
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Card ID: 1673815538120(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
teki wo tsukutte shimau kamoshirenai
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Card ID: 1673815538122Thank you for giving [me] the favor of worrying [about me].
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Card ID: 1673815538124(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shinpai shite kurete arigatou
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Card ID: 1673815538126Strange, isn't it! [I] can't see your face.
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Card ID: 1673815538128(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
okashii na anata no kao mienai
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Card ID: 1673815538130[I am not only causing trouble for you, but] I am also causing worries for the others.
I already mentioned it on an earlier card: "kakeru" and "tsukeru" have many uses, just have a look at the
dictionary. For these words, the dictionary often didn't help, but you'll get used to the words over time.
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Card ID: 1673815538132(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore minna ni mo shinpai kaketeru yo na
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Card ID: 1673815538134[This] is not a worry-matter -> not a thing to worry about.
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Card ID: 1673815538136(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shinpai suru koto ha nai yo
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Card ID: 1673815538138[This dish looks a bit weird....] anyway, it's tasty!
tonikaku: anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking
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Card ID: 1673815538140(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tonikaku oishii desu
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Card ID: 1673815538142[Yes, I know it's difficult to get information on this topic] Anyhow, should [I] try to find out?
tonikaku: anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking
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Card ID: 1673815538144(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tonikaku shirabete miru ka
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Card ID: 1673815538146In the end I could not do anything.
kekkyoku: after all; in the end; ultimately; eventually
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Card ID: 1673815538148(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kekkyoku boku ha nanimo dekinakatta
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Card ID: 1673815538150[It was super loud in the library and I went home] because in the end I couldn't study.
kekkyoku: after all; in the end; ultimately; eventually
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Card ID: 1673815538152(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kekkyoku zenzen benkyou dekinakatta no
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Card ID: 1673815538154It's ok [if you say it] in Japanese.
nihongo: Japanese (language)
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Card ID: 1673815538158It's English (e.g. the language some people close to them are speaking).
eigo: English
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Card ID: 1673815538162From today you too are [part of my] family.
kazoku: family
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Card ID: 1673815538164(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou kara kimi mo boku no kazoku da
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Card ID: 1673815538166[This is an] embarassing picture!
shashin: picture
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Card ID: 1673815538170[You] must take good care of [your] family.
kazoku: family
daiji: important; serious; crucial
daiji ni suru: to take good care of
Reminder: "must do [something]" is expressed by: [something] shinai to dame -> not doing [something] is bad. For "to", the "dame" may be omitted.
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Card ID: 1673815538172(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kazoku ha daiji ni shinai to na
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Card ID: 1673815538174[Yeah, I understand it's not tasty. This] is a dish / food for adults.
otona: adult; grown-up
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Card ID: 1673815538176(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
otona no tabemono da
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Card ID: 1673815538178[I have to] live in a place like this?
sumu: to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit
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Card ID: 1673815538180(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
konna tokoroni sumu no ka
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Card ID: 1673815538182Why do you [have] a picture of taiga? (there's a "motsu no ka" missing in the end)
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Card ID: 1673815538184(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nande omae ga taiga no shashin wo
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Card ID: 1673815538186As for me, [I] don't understand adults.
otona no hito: adult
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Card ID: 1673815538188(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku ni ha otona no hito ha wakarimasen
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Card ID: 1673815538190When [you] become an adult, [you] can't do this anymore (literally: this becomes not-being-able-to-do).
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Card ID: 1673815538192(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
otona ni naru to are dekinaku naru yo ne
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Card ID: 1673815538194[I] wonder if [he] lives alone in this place.
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Card ID: 1673815538196(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hitori de konna tokoro ni sunde iru no darou ka
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Card ID: 1673815538198[This time I can do it!] I also became an adult [e.g. more mature among other things] and studied a lot!
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Card ID: 1673815538200(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi mo otona ni natta shi ippai benkyou shita
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Card ID: 1673815538202[I am not alone]. I have both family and friends.
xxx mo yyy mo means: both xxx and yyy.
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Card ID: 1673815538204(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ni ha kazoku mo tomodachi mo iru ｡
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Card ID: 1673815538206[I] want to live in this place.
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Card ID: 1673815538208(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
konna tokoroni sumitai na
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Card ID: 1673815538210[Let's wait] because [he] takes a picture.
shashin wo toru: to take a picture
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Card ID: 1673815538214Which [part] of [doing] thas is strange? [I did it for my] family!
The speaker did something for his family, which is considered strange by someone else here. He defends himself by saying this.
okashii: strange; odd; funny (don't mix this up with "okashi - sweets").
Remark: "sore no doko" literally means: "the "where" of that", which translates to "which part". It might take a while to digest this...
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Card ID: 1673815538216(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore no doko ga okashii n da yo kazoku nanda
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Card ID: 1673815538218[Are you] taking a picture?
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Card ID: 1673815538220(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shashin wo totteru no ka
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Card ID: 1673815538222Oh, before [eating] this I take a picture.
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Card ID: 1673815538224(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
assono mae ni shashin torima - su
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Card ID: 1673815538226As for me, pictures being taken [from me] is [my] job [among other things] -> the speaker is a model.
torareru: passive of toru
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Card ID: 1673815538228(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi nante shashin torareru no ga shigoto da shi
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Card ID: 1673815538230[I] wonder [if you] can give [me] the favor of coming again afterwards.
ato / ato de: after, afterwards
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Card ID: 1673815538232(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mata ato de kite kurenai ka na
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Card ID: 1673815538234Got it. [I] send a mail afterwards.
ato / ato de: after, afterwards
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Card ID: 1673815538236(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
wakatta ato de me-ru suru
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Card ID: 1673815538238It's ok, [I] try to call [your] mom afterwards [and tell her].
ato / ato de: after, afterwards
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Card ID: 1673815538240(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daijoubu ato de okaasan ni denwa shite miru yo
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Card ID: 1673815538242[It's] for sure a wonderful thing, [I] think.
kitto: surely; undoubtedly
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Card ID: 1673815538244(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kitto suteki na koto da to omou no
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Card ID: 1673815538246[This item] for sure has special powers.
kitto: surely; undoubtedly
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Card ID: 1673815538248(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kitto tokubetsu na chikara ga aru no yo
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Card ID: 1673815538250[You should call you mom] because [she is] for sure worrying.
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Card ID: 1673815538252(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kitto shinpai shiteru to omou kara
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Card ID: 1673815538254Please watch the sky.
sora: sky
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Card ID: 1673815538256(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sora wo sora wo mite kudasai
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Card ID: 1673815538258As for today, the sky is crying, too [maybe it's raining and something sad happened].
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Card ID: 1673815538260(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou ha o sora mo naite imasu ne
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Card ID: 1673815538262
Congratulations, you finished 85% of Tae Kim's book
In addition to the grammar, you learned
746 words, great!
The fifth version of this course ended here, in the meantime I added more cards. If you like the course, please rate it on
Ankiweb. If you don't like it, please send me some suggestions for improvement: joe@japanese-like-a-breeze.com. Thanks!
Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815538264
Similarity, appearance and hearsay
Japanese has many different ways to express likeness or similarity, this is covered next. The rules of when to apply what are rather complex. However, the different ways to express this translate to more or less the same thing in English, so I again recommend to not worry about the differences.
For now, you'll be fine if you translate all hearsay and similarity examples on the following cards to: "looks like, seems like, appears to be like".Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815538272(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koko ni nani no you da
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Card ID: 1673815538276(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
you ha nai no tada namae wo yonde hoshikute
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Card ID: 1673815538280(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
you ga aru nara watashi ga kiku kedo
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Card ID: 1673815538288(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
anta ha chigau you da
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Card ID: 1673815538292(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nemutte shimatta you da
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Card ID: 1673815538296(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mukashi kara o tomodachi no you deshita kara
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Card ID: 1673815538300(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani no you de koko he kita
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Card ID: 1673815538304(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mukashi no you ni ha naranai darou
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Card ID: 1673815538308(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
inu no you ni shite kureru
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Card ID: 1673815538312(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ookiku nattara watashi no kami mo okaasan no you ni naru
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Card ID: 1673815538316(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dare ka ita you na ki ga shita no
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Card ID: 1673815538320(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nanika wasurete iru you na ki ga suru ga
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Card ID: 1673815538324(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nita you na hito wo shitteru kara
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Card ID: 1673815538328(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ayamaru you na koto janai n da
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Card ID: 1673815538332(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omoshiroi you na ki ga suru
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Card ID: 1673815538336(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani sono komatta you na kao ha
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Card ID: 1673815538338
Bonus content: Video recommendations
Here are some more videos with (hopefully) comprehensible content as bonus material, read more about this here.
Video 1: Where's the hospital?
- tazuneru - to ask, to inquire (don't learn this yet, it's not too common)
- su-pa- - supermarket
Video 2: Where's the bus stop?
- basutei - bus stop
- unchin - fare
Video 3: Another self introduction
- jikoshoukai - self introduction
- -ken - suffix for prefecture (kind states within Japan)
- supeingo - spanish
Just the links for copy/pasting:
https://youtu.be/yd2-xA4LEeghttps://youtu.be/fbLVWjC3a1whttps://youtu.be/6mGqjusPIdUAre these videos easy to understand for you? Please send feedback to joe@japanese-like-a-breeze.com. Thanks!
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Card ID: 1673815538342(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nakama ha watashi nitotte kazoku no you na mono datta
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Card ID: 1673815538346(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mae no youni minna to issho ni
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Card ID: 1673815538350(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shinda youni neru na
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Card ID: 1673815538354(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ano otoko to onaji youni
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Card ID: 1673815538358(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
baka mitai。 hazukashii
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Card ID: 1673815538362(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
minna ganbatteru mitai ne
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Card ID: 1673815538366(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
menma mitai ni naritakatta
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Card ID: 1673815538370(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ki wo ushinatta mitai ni
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Card ID: 1673815538374(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi anata mitai na musume ha suki yo
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Card ID: 1673815538378(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo watashi ha oniisan mitai ni sugokunakute
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Card ID: 1673815538382(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kimi janai mitai da ne
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Card ID: 1673815538386(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mada kitenai mitai da na
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Card ID: 1673815538390(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
umaku itteru mitai janai
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Card ID: 1673815538394(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sekai ni boku hitori shika inai mitai janai ka
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Card ID: 1673815538396[This] looks tasty.
-sou: appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance
This is just another example for expressing similarity/appearance. Don't worry about the difference to the others for now, just translate it like the others.
-sou can be appended to i-adjectives: replace the last i.
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Card ID: 1673815538400[You] again caught something [e.g. a fish]. Looks big!
tsukamaeru: to catch; to capture;
-sou: appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance
This is just another example for expressing similarity/appearance. Don't worry about the difference to the others for now, just translate it like the others.
-sou can be appended to i-adjectives: replace the last i.
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Card ID: 1673815538402(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mata nanika tsukamaeta wa ookisou
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Card ID: 1673815538404Father looked tired.
nemui: tired, sleepy
-sou: appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance
This is just another example for expressing similarity/appearance. Don't worry about the difference to the others for now, just translate it like the others.
-sou can be appended to i-adjectives: replace the last i.
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Card ID: 1673815538406(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
otousan nemusou datta ne
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Card ID: 1673815538408[This] looks really expensive!
sugee: slang for sugoi
-sou: appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance
This is just another example for expressing similarity/appearance. Don't worry about the difference to the others for now, just translate it like the others.
-sou can be appended to i-adjectives: replace the last i.
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Card ID: 1673815538412[This] looks good! But it seems to be / looks expensive.
Remember the irregular conjugation of ii - good? It also applies here: ii is from yoi (which practically is not used - only for conjugating). So "isou" is wrong, instead use "yosasou".
-sou: appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance
This is just another example for expressing similarity/appearance. Don't worry about the difference to the others for now, just translate it like the others.
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Card ID: 1673815538414(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yosasou da na takasou da kedo
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Card ID: 1673815538416[Pikachu] seems/looks healthy! [yes, pika]
-sou: appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance
This is just another example for expressing similarity/appearance. Don't worry about the difference to the others for now, just translate it like the others.
For na-adjectives, simply add "sou".
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Card ID: 1673815538418(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
genki sou ne hai pika
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Card ID: 1673815538420[He] seems to be not bad / at fault, good!
To express similarity/appearance for all negative words (except nouns), replace "nai" with "nasasou". This is rare!
For nouns, use "deshou" instead.
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Card ID: 1673815538422(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
warukunasasou ne yokatta
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Card ID: 1673815538424Don't make such a happy-looking face -> literally: don't make such an appears-to-be-happy face!
Why is "sou" used here? I'd say that it is more polite to say "shiawasesou na kao - seems like your face looks happy" instead of "shiawase na kao - your face
is happy". It's very similar to the use of "-tai": You don't know what the other person
really is like.
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Card ID: 1673815538426(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sonna shiawasesou na kao shinaide
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Card ID: 1673815538428As for naruto, looks like [he] eats everything.
Why is "sou" used here? I'd say that it is more polite to say "nandemo tabesou - seems to eat everything", because you don't know if it's
really true.
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Card ID: 1673815538430(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
naruto ha nani demo tabesou da kedo ｡
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Card ID: 1673815538432[What do we drink?] Beer! Seems like [you, sensei] drink it I guess?
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Card ID: 1673815538434(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
bi-ru sensei nomisou deshou
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Card ID: 1673815538436[This] seems enjoyable / fun and [I am] jealeous [i.e. I also want to do this].
urayamashii - envious; jealous
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Card ID: 1673815538438(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tanoshisou de urayamashii
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Card ID: 1673815538442(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nanka kanazawa ureshisou da ne
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Card ID: 1673815538444
Remark on "sou"
Correct use of -sou can be quite tricky. Just for the sake of completeness, be aware of the following details (if you don't get it, don't worry, it doesn't make a big difference):
You can use it to express "looks like", this is what I covered before:
oishisou for i-adjectives (drop the last i) or tabesou for verbs (attach it to the stem).
However, you can also append "sou" to the entire word: oishii sou or taberu sou. This is a bit more general and does not mean "looks like" but rather "I heard that".
To be honest, I never was aware of this myself and I'd say it really doesn't make much of a difference most of the time.
Have a look at this video for details: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4z-pIjwyg0
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Card ID: 1673815538446[What a] pitiable person.
kawaisou: poor; pitiable
Important: kawaisou is not from kawaii + sou, but is a standalone na-adjective. The difference is actually big: poor vs. seems to be cute...
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Card ID: 1673815538450Getting up at this time is unusual.
mezurashii: unusual; rare; curious
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Card ID: 1673815538452(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
o konna jikan ni okiteru nante mezurashii
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Card ID: 1673815538454[Here, the people are choosing fireworks] Unusual, isn't it. [That you] choose the same [as I], I mean.
mezurashii: unusual; rare; curious
erabu: to choose; to select
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Card ID: 1673815538456(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ammezurashii ne onaji no erabu nante
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Card ID: 1673815538458Seems like [they were] in trouble.
rashii: seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish
Yet another word for expressing similarity/appearance/hearsay. The difference to the others is that "rashii" is less specific. E.g. using "-sou", you draw a conclusion from something specific: You look at a dish and say: oishisou - this specific one looks delicions. You could also say: oishii rashii - you somewhere heard that something about this dish is delicious. Again, don't worry and just translate it like the others.
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Card ID: 1673815538462Seems like in the past [he] often was at the sea.
rashii: seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish
Yet another word for expressing similarity/appearance/hearsay. The difference to the others is that "rashii" is less specific. E.g. using "-sou", you draw a conclusion from something specific: You look at a dish and say: oishisou - this specific one looks delicions. You could also say: oishii rashii - you somewhere heard that something about this dish is delicious. Again, don't worry and just translate it like the others.
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Card ID: 1673815538464(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mukashi ha umi toka ni takusan ita rashii
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Card ID: 1673815538466Seems like we're still close [maybe they are trying to get away from a dangerous event].
rashii: seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish
Yet another word for expressing similarity/appearance/hearsay. The difference to the others is that "rashii" is less specific. E.g. using "-sou", you draw a conclusion from something specific: You look at a dish and say: oishisou - this specific one looks delicions. You could also say: oishii rashii - you somewhere heard that something about this dish is delicious. Again, don't worry and just translate it like the others.
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Card ID: 1673815538468(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mada chikaku ni iru rashii na
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Card ID: 1673815538470Seems like a teacher or: [He acts] like a teacher
ppoi: slang expression for similarity (very casual).
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Card ID: 1673815538474[Don't act like this] it's kid-like [among other things].
ppoi: slang expression for similarity (very casual).
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Card ID: 1673815538476(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kore ha kodomoppoi shi
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Card ID: 1673815538478
Don't stick to the rules
I already mentioned in the beginning: The rules of when to apply what in the context of similarity/appearance/hearsay are quite complex: you, mitai, sou, rashii, ppoi, different ways to use "sou"... So once again: It's fine if you translate all of them to "seems like, looks like, feels like , appears like" and read the rules again later.
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Card ID: 1673815538480Yesterday, didn't [you] say "[you're] weird" to me? -> continues on next card.
kinou: yesterday
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Card ID: 1673815538482(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kinou ore ni hen tte itta jan
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Card ID: 1673815538484[Yesterday, didn't [you] say "you're weird" to me?] But you are weirder!
hou: indicates one side of a comparison. When used as "xxx no hou ga yyy" this means: "The direction of xxx is more yyy than something clear from context". It may take a bit of practice to grasp this, but I'm sure you can do it!
In short: xxx no hou ga yyy: xxx is more yyy than something clear from context.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/comparison
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Card ID: 1673815538486(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo omae no hou ga hen da yo
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Card ID: 1673815538490(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shiroi fuku no hou ga ii to omou
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Card ID: 1673815538494(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kocchi no hou ga kawaii
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Card ID: 1673815538498(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
are watashi no hou ga hayakatta no ka na
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Card ID: 1673815538500I am stronger.
xxx no hou ga yyy: xxx is more yyy than something clear from context.
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Card ID: 1673815538502(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore no hou ga tsuyoi
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Card ID: 1673815538504You are more sly; cunning; sneaky; crafty; unfair; dishonest.
xxx no hou ga yyy: xxx is more yyy than something clear from context.
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Card ID: 1673815538506(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omae no hou ga zurui darou
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Card ID: 1673815538508Going home is better [than staying here].
xxx no hou ga yyy: xxx is more yyy than something clear from context.
Note the past tense "kaetta" here: Especially when making suggestions, past tense sounds more confident and certain. This does not mean that this happened in the past here.
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Card ID: 1673815538510(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
aa ie ni ha kaetta hou ga ii
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Card ID: 1673815538512Not knowing is happier -> I find "shiawase" always hard to translate, the sentence means that the speaker would be happier, if he didn't know something.
xxx no hou ga yyy: xxx is more yyy than something clear from context.
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Card ID: 1673815538514(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shiranai hou ga shiawase da
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Card ID: 1673815538516Not seeing is better -> It's better if [you] don't see [it].
xxx no hou ga yyy: xxx is more yyy than something clear from context.
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Card ID: 1673815538524Studying is maybe better [than lazing around].
xxx no hou ga yyy: xxx is more yyy than something clear from context.
Note the past tense "shite oita" here: Especially when making suggestions, past tense sounds more confident and certain. This does not mean that this happened in the past here.
Reminder: shite oku - to do something in preparation of the future.
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Card ID: 1673815538526(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
benkyou shite oita hou ga ii kamoshiren
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Card ID: 1673815538528I think it's better if [I] also go home quickly.
xxx no hou ga yyy: xxx is more yyy than something clear from context.
Note the past tense "kaetta" here: Especially when making suggestions, past tense sounds more confident and certain. This does not mean that this happened in the past here.
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Card ID: 1673815538530(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi mo hayaku kaetta hou ga ii to omoimasu
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Card ID: 1673815538532I am stronger than you (in an explanatory tone).
yori: sort of the opposite of "hou". It means "than" or "rather than", refers to the preceding word or clause and is often combined with "hou". The pattern or meaning is always something like this:
xxx yori, yyy no hou ga zzz: yyy is more zzz than xxx.
Or as Tae Kim explains it: "hou" defines the direction the comparison is leaning toward while "yori" defines the side it’s leaning away from. You don't always have to use "hou".
References:
https://guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/comparisons
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Card ID: 1673815538534(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
anata yori boku no hou ga tsuyoi node
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Card ID: 1673815538536Rather than watching [the mountain], climbing [it] is more fun.
nagameru: to look at; to gaze at; to watch; to stare at
yori: sort of the opposite of "hou". It means "than" or "rather than", refers to the preceding word or clause and is often combined with "hou". The pattern or meaning is always something like this:
xxx yori, yyy no hou ga zzz: yyy is more zzz than xxx.
Or as Tae Kim explains it: "hou" defines the direction the comparison is leaning toward while "yori" defines the side it’s leaning away from. You don't always have to use "hou".
References:
https://guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/comparisons
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Card ID: 1673815538538(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nagameru yori nobotta hou ga tanoshii
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Card ID: 1673815538540Rather than this / apart from this, how is mother's condition / health?
yori: sort of the opposite of "hou". It means "than" or "rather than", refers to the preceding word or clause and is often combined with "hou". The pattern or meaning is always something like this:
xxx yori, yyy no hou ga zzz: yyy is more zzz than xxx.
Or as Tae Kim explains it: "hou" defines the direction the comparison is leaning toward while "yori" defines the side it’s leaning away from. You don't always have to use "hou".
References:
https://guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/comparisons
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Card ID: 1673815538542(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore yori okaasan no guai dou
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Card ID: 1673815538544It looks like [this] took more time than [I] thought.
yori: sort of the opposite of "hou". It means "than" or "rather than", refers to the preceding word or clause and is often combined with "hou". The pattern or meaning is always this:
xxx yori, yyy no hou ga zzz: yyy is more zzz than xxx.
References:
https://guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/comparisons
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Card ID: 1673815538546(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omotta yori jikan ga kakatta mitai da ne
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Card ID: 1673815538550(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani yori mo ureshikatta n da
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Card ID: 1673815538556[You] give me the favor of understanding me better than everybody else.
If you use "yori" with question words, you can form superlatives. I.e. dare yori -> more than everybody.
Remember: kureru always works towards the speaker.
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Card ID: 1673815538558(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dare yori mo ore no koto wo wakatte kureteru
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Card ID: 1673815538560[She] knew better than everybody else.
If you use "yori" with question words, you can form superlatives. I.e. dare yori -> more than everybody.
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Card ID: 1673815538562(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dare yori mo yoku shitte ita
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Card ID: 1673815538564If [you] eat this way, [you] cannot understand the taste!
kata: way of doing, append it to the verb stem.
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Card ID: 1673815538566(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sonna tabekata shitara aji ga wakarimasen yo
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Card ID: 1673815538568As for drinking-way / way-of-drinking, how [do you] do it? [The barkeeper asks the customer, in what way she wants to drink her rice wine. She answers: cold]
kata: way of doing, append it to the verb stem.
Clarified translation in v14.
Taken from: Wakako Zake, E1, after 5:00.
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Card ID: 1673815538570(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nomikata dou saremasu ka
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Card ID: 1673815538572Please stop this way-of-saying -> please don't talk like this.
kata: way of doing, append it to the verb stem.
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Card ID: 1673815538574(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sonna iikata yamete kudasai
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Card ID: 1673815538578(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hone ga nakute tabe yasui desu yo
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Card ID: 1673815538582(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
o hashi no hou ga tabe yasui ga
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Card ID: 1673815538588[This] is easy to understand.
yasui: easy
yasui can be attached to the stem of a verb to express that an action is easy.
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Card ID: 1673815538592Good, isn't it. This is easy to read [the guy was asked to proofread some text or story].
yasui: easy
yasui can be attached to the stem of a verb to express that an action is easy.
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Card ID: 1673815538594(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ii ne yomi yasui yo kore
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Card ID: 1673815538596[A: I am not good with phones, It's hard to talk on the phone. B:] What do you mean by "hard to talk?!" (corrected in v14).
nikui: difficult to ...; hard to ...
tte sonna: what do you mean by saying [hanashi nikui]
nikui can be attached to the stem of a verb to express that an action is difficult.
References:
https://nativecamp.net/heync/question/27244
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Card ID: 1673815538598(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hanashi nikui tte sonna
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Card ID: 1673815538600Hard to do [phys. activity].
nikui: difficult to ...; hard to ...
nikui can be attached to the stem of a verb to express that an action is difficult.
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Card ID: 1673815538604Seems like [this is] hard to eat.
nikui: difficult to ...; hard to ...
nikui can be attached to the stem of a verb to express that an action is difficult.
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Card ID: 1673815538608[This is] hard to understand.
nikui: difficult to ...; hard to ...
nikui can be attached to the stem of a verb to express that an action is difficult.
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Card ID: 1673815538612[This is] hard to eat.
tsurai: tough; difficult; hard
tsurai is used in a similar way than "nikui". As usual, don't worry about the difference, but if you're interested, there's an elaborate answer on
Japanese stackexchange.Note that the consonant "t" of "tsurai/つらい" is a bit softened when appended (dzurai/づらい). Sometimes, this happens for other consonants too, to make the words easier to pronounce.
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Card ID: 1673815538616[This is] hard to understand.
tsurai: tough; difficult; hard
tsurai is used in a similar way than "nikui". As usual, don't worry about the difference, but if you're interested, there's an elaborate answer on
Japanese stackexchange.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815538620[I] thought this is very hard to understand.
tsurai: tough; difficult; hard
tsurai is used in a similar way than "nikui". As usual, don't worry about the difference, but if you're interested, theres an elaborate answer on
japanese stackexchange.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815538622(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sugoi wakaridzurai na to omotta
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Card ID: 1673815538624Until [you] come, [I] wait without eating -> I don't eat anything until you come.
verb stem + zu: Indicates that this verb is
not done while doing something else. Usually, there's a "ni" after the "zu".
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Card ID: 1673815538626(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kuru made tabezu ni mattemasu kara
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Card ID: 1673815538628Without thinking about something else [I] could concentrate on my job.
verb stem + zu: Indicates that this verb is
not done while doing something else. Usually, there's a "ni" after the "zu".
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Card ID: 1673815538630(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nanimo kangaezu ni shigoto ni shuuchuu dekita
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Card ID: 1673815538632Without worrying, [I] ate [all of this at once].
verb stem + zu: Indicates that this verb is
not done while doing something else.
suru becomes "sezu".
ki ni suru: to mind (negative nuance); to care about; to worry.
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Card ID: 1673815538634(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo ki ni sezu tabe chau
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Card ID: 1673815538636Please follow [me] without being separated / getting disconnected.
verb stem + zu: Indicates that this verb is
not done while doing something else.
hanareru: to be separated; to be apart; to be distant. I often mixed this up with "hanasu", if it was conjugated.
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Card ID: 1673815538638(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hanarezu tsuite kite kudasai
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Card ID: 1673815538640[I] guess [he] said [it] without thinking well.
verb stem + zu: Indicates that this verb is
not done while doing something else.
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Card ID: 1673815538642(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yoku kangaezu ni itta desho
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Card ID: 1673815538644If [we] don't triy to find out [more], we won't understand.
-nu instead of -nai: This is an old-fashioned way of negating a verb. Some anime characters use it though.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815538646(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dou ka na shirabete minakereba wakaranu yo
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Card ID: 1673815538648[I] don't understand the meaning [of this].
-nu instead of -nai: This is an old-fashioned way of negating a verb. Some anime characters use it though.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815538652[I] don't know this.
-nu instead of -nai: This is an old-fashioned way of negating a verb. Some anime characters use it though.
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Card ID: 1673815538654(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
saa sonna koto ha shiranu
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Card ID: 1673815538662(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daremo tsuite konai toiu wake desu na
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Card ID: 1673815538664If you ignore the "ikou ka", this can mean: [We didn't bring a map] no wonder that [we're] lost.
However, "mayou" not only means "to be lost", but also "to hesitate; to be of two minds over; to be puzzled", which actually is the correct translation here:
[This is a very difficult decision] no wonder [I] am hesitating. Should we go?
wake (da): makes sense that / no wonder that / it means that
The use of this word is a bit hard to describe: It's a noun used for making conlusions. Especially when used as "xxx wake da", it translates to what I wrote above, but it as usual depends a bit on the context.
References:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2KS94qQXxwhttp://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/reasoning#Coming_to_a_conclusion_with
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Card ID: 1673815538666(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mayotteru wake desu yo ikou ka
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Card ID: 1673815538670(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dekiru wake ga nai daro sonna koto
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Card ID: 1673815538674(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omae ga ano koto wo shiranai wake ga nai
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Card ID: 1673815538678(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daiji janai wake ga nai janai ka
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Card ID: 1673815538682(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
wasureru wake ni ha ikanai
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Card ID: 1673815538684As for me, [I] just became a teacher [at that time -> he's talking about the past].
bakkari can also be used to express, that something has just happened (not only to express amounts as we learned before): Append it to the past tense of the verb.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/timeactions
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Card ID: 1673815538686(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku ha mada sensei ni natta bakari datta kedo
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Card ID: 1673815538688[It wasn't me who did this, because] I also just came home [like you].
bakkari can also be used to express, that something has just happened (not only to express amounts as we learned before): Append it to the past tense of the verb.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/timeactions
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Card ID: 1673815538690(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi mo modotte kita bakari na node
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Card ID: 1673815538694(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ima kita bakari desu kedo ne
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Card ID: 1673815538698(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha kita bakari da ｡
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Card ID: 1673815538700[Someone said something to the speaker straight up to her face. She answers: How can you say this to ] me, [who you] just met?
bakkari can also be used to express, that something has just happened (not only to express amounts as we learned before): Append it to the past tense of the verb.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/timeactions
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Card ID: 1673815538702(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
atta bakari no watashi ni
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Card ID: 1673815538704[What, you already forgot?! I] just told [you]!
oshieru: to teach; to instruct / to tell; to inform
bakkari can also be used to express, that something has just happened (not only to express amounts as we learned before): Append it to the past tense of the verb.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/timeactions
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Card ID: 1673815538706(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ima oshieta bakari darou ga
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Card ID: 1673815538710(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mada hajimatta bakari da ze
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Card ID: 1673815538718(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
benkyou shi nagara heya de taberu no
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Card ID: 1673815538722(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
aruki nagara ha abunai desu wa ne
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Card ID: 1673815538726(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tabe nagara kaerimashou
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Card ID: 1673815538730(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
aruki nagara hanasou
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Card ID: 1673815538734(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
zannen nagara joudan de ha nai n da yo
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Card ID: 1673815538738(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
naite naite naki makuru dake ja
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Card ID: 1673815538742(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nani demo sagashi makutte yo
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Card ID: 1673815538746(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ima no mama da nanimo kawaranai
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Card ID: 1673815538748Damn it, [I] fell asleep like this / in this state? [Maybe he still had his clothes on].
mama: as it is; (current) state / condition; without changing ~.
mama is used to express something as it is, or to express a lack of change.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/nochange
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Card ID: 1673815538750(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shimatta ano mama nechatta no ka
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Card ID: 1673815538754(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
moshi kono mama gakkou wo yametara
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Card ID: 1673815538756As for me, [I] think [I am] ok with staying in this condition/state [as a band; i.e. the speaker does not want their band to change].
mama: as it is; (current) state / condition; without changing ~.
mama is used to express something as it is, or to express a lack of change.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/nochange
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Card ID: 1673815538758(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi kono mama de ii to omou n da
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Card ID: 1673815538760[We where very hungry, but] in the end [we] went home without having eaten something.
mama: as it is; (current) state / condition; without changing ~.
mama is used to express something as it is, or to express a lack of change.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/nochange
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Card ID: 1673815538762(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo kekkyoku tabenai mama kaecchattari ne
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Card ID: 1673815538772The Manga [I] secretly bought yesterday... (continues on next card)
kossori: stealthily; secretly; in secret
References:
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Card ID: 1673815538774(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kinou kossori katta manga
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Card ID: 1673815538778(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kaban ni ireppanashi datta
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Card ID: 1673815538780[We are] supposed to be together.
beki: should; must; that one ought to; to be done; this describes actions that should be done, simply attach it to the verb. This is quite strong and not to be used for casual suggestions, please read Tae Kim's remarks.
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/should
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Card ID: 1673815538782(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
issho ni iru beki da
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Card ID: 1673815538784[I] wonder, if [we] are supposed to help/rescue him
beki: should; must; that one ought to; to be done; this describes actions that should be done, simply attach it to the verb. This is quite strong and not to be used for casual suggestions, please read Tae Kim's remarks.
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Card ID: 1673815538786(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tasukeru beki ka na kare wo
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Card ID: 1673815538788[We left, even though we were] supposed to rescue him.
beki: should; must; that one ought to; to be done; this describes actions that should be done, simply attach it to the verb. This is quite strong and not to be used for casual suggestions, please read Tae Kim's remarks.
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Card ID: 1673815538790(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ga tasukete yaru beki datta noni
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Card ID: 1673815538792[He is] injured and blood is flowing out (one of the many uses of "deru").
chi: blood
References:
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Card ID: 1673815538794(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kega shite chi mo deteru
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Card ID: 1673815538798(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
chidarake nanda yo mou
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Card ID: 1673815538800[What, you don't want to go to the bathroom?] Aren't [you] covered with mud?
doro: mud; slush; (wet) dirt
~darake: full of, covered with
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Card ID: 1673815538802(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nanda doro darake janai ka a
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Card ID: 1673815538804
Yes, you did it!
With the last 1850 flashcards, you learned almost the complete content of Tae Kim's grammar book. I skipped about 50 out of 300 pages, mostly honorific language, but also minor topics I found not so relevant or boring. Congratulations and thank you so much for sticking to this deck for so long!
So far, the deck teaches only 820 words. I want to increase this to at least 2000 with multiple sentences per word. So from now on, the main focus will be new words...
As always: If you like the course, please rate it on
Ankiweb. If you don't like it, please send me some suggestions for improvement: joe@japanese-like-a-breeze.com. Thanks!
Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815538806As for me, [I] believe in this way -> this is what I believe.
shinjiru: to believe; to believe in; to place trust in
References:
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Card ID: 1673815538810Hey, until when are [you] sleeping!?
hora: look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!
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Card ID: 1673815538812(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hora itsu made nete iru n da yo
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Card ID: 1673815538814Yes, got it. [I] believe [you].
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Card ID: 1673815538816(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
un wakatta shinjiru yo
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Card ID: 1673815538818Hey look! If [you] watch/look here, [you will] understand.
hora: look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!
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Card ID: 1673815538820(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hora koko wo miru to wakarimasu
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Card ID: 1673815538824(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha mitsuru kun wo shinjiru da kara mitsuru kun mo watashi wo shinjite
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Card ID: 1673815538826[Shhh, this is a sacred place] therefore [you] must not speak.
dasu: to take out; to get out (this has many more meanings, but this one fits well most of the time)
koe wo dasu: to speak; to say: Rather in the sense of "saying something", or literally: to get out your voice
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Card ID: 1673815538828(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koe dashitara dame da kara ne
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Card ID: 1673815538832(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dou sureba shinjite kureru
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Card ID: 1673815538834[I'm] sorry, [I] spoke with a loud voice!
dasu: to take out; to get out (this has many more meanings, but this one fits well most of the time)
koe wo dasu: to speak; to say: Rather in the sense of "saying something", or literally: to get out your voice
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Card ID: 1673815538836(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sumimasen ookii na koe dashite
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Card ID: 1673815538838[This is] what [I am] believing.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815538840(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha sou shinjite imasu
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Card ID: 1673815538842[I] guess [he will] show up again.
dasu: to take out; to get out, to show (this has many more meanings, but this one fits well most of the time)
kao wo dasu: to show up, lit. to show your face
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Card ID: 1673815538844(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mata kao wo dasu n darou na
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Card ID: 1673815538846Give [me] the favor of feeling my feelings.
kanjiru: to feel; to sense; to experience
References:
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Card ID: 1673815538848(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ima no ore no kimochi wo kanjite kure
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Card ID: 1673815538850[I] could really feel [it].
kanjiru: to feel; to sense; to experience
References:
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Card ID: 1673815538852(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ha hontouni kanjirareru n da
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Card ID: 1673815538854[I] wonder, if you could also feel something.
kanjiru: to feel; to sense; to experience
References:
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Card ID: 1673815538856(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kimi mo nanika wo kanjita darou ka
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Card ID: 1673815538858There's only one thing [I] can say.
hitotsu: one (thing)
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Card ID: 1673815538860(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hitotsu dake ieru koto ga aru
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Card ID: 1673815538862[When I returned home, ] all sorts of things had happened.
iroiro: various; all sorts of; variety of
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Card ID: 1673815538864(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
iroiro na koto ga atta
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Card ID: 1673815538866 Well, [let's] search for a department store. A department store!
depa-to: department store; usually very large shopping malls where you can buy all kinds of things. I liked visiting them when I was in Japan, even though I don't like to go shopping very much. Have a look at the reference link if you're interested.
References:
https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2072.html
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Card ID: 1673815538868(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
jaa depa-to sagashite depa-to
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Card ID: 1673815538870 [I am well prepared. I studied a lot and] even read a lot of books.
hon: book
"hon" also works with the store suffix we already had: honya - book store.
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Card ID: 1673815538872(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
takusan hon mo yonda
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Card ID: 1673815538874[When I returned home, ] all sorts of things had happened.
ironna: slangy version of "iroiro na": various; all sorts of; variety of
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Card ID: 1673815538876(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ironna koto ga atta na
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Card ID: 1673815538878Being alone-time feels long to this extent -> The time when being alone passes slowly / feels long.
hitori de iru: to be alone (used as clause for "jikan - time")
kore hodo made: to this extend
nagaku kanjiru: to feel long
to ha: Ignore it for now, it's used to quote someone (from "to iu no ha") / to indicate the topic and express the speaker’s surprise, see reference link for more information.
References:
https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF-towa-meaning/
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Card ID: 1673815538880(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hitori de iru jikan ga kore hodo made ni nagaku kanjiru to ha
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Card ID: 1673815538882 Look right, look left [that's what you do before crossing the road].
migi: right
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Card ID: 1673815538884(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
migi mite hidari mite
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Card ID: 1673815538886Please come by / show up. -> Literally, the translation is something like "Please bring up / show your face".
dasu: to take out; to get out (this has many more meanings, but this one fits well most of the time)
kao wo dasu: to turn up; to make an appearance
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Card ID: 1673815538888(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kao wo dashite kudasai
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Card ID: 1673815538890This woman is dangerous:
onna: female; woman; female sex
References:
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Card ID: 1673815538894As for that, those are my father's words (i.e. my father's way of speaking or: my father's opinion).
kotoba: word, phrase; but also: language / way of speaking
References:
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Card ID: 1673815538896(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore ha watashi no otousan no kotoba
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Card ID: 1673815538898[It was the] woman with the long hair!
onna: female; woman; female sex
onna no hito: (adult) woman;
Without "no hito", onna is more generic.
References:
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Card ID: 1673815538900(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kami no nagai onna no hito ga
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Card ID: 1673815538902Ah, [is this] the woman you kissed? lit. the woman that kissed with you?
References:
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Card ID: 1673815538904(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
aa omae to kisu shita onna ka
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Card ID: 1673815538906It's ok [you can tell me] - because I'm not a kid [anymore].
kodomo: child, kid
References:
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Card ID: 1673815538908(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ii yo mou kodomo janai n da kara
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Card ID: 1673815538910 [This] is not a book from the library.
hon: book
"hon" also works with the store suffix we already had: honya - book store.
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Card ID: 1673815538912(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
toshokan no hon janai yo
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Card ID: 1673815538914[You] didn't know that there are no women in this town?
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Card ID: 1673815538916(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kono machi ni onna ga inai koto shiranakatta
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Card ID: 1673815538918Cheers (the Japanese way to raise your glass).
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Card ID: 1673815538922Well, shall we start?
hajimeru: to start; to begin; to commence
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Card ID: 1673815538926 Looks like something is coming from the right...
migi: right
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Card ID: 1673815538928(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
migi kara nani ka kiteru mitai da shi
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Card ID: 1673815538930[I] have been calling out [to you] since a short while ago, but I didn't get an aswer at all. [B: Sorry, I was thinking about work].
sakki: a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
Remark: yobu is not used for expressing to call someone on the phone, see ref. Here, the speakers are sitting on a table together.
References:
https://hinative.com/questions/5642497
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Card ID: 1673815538932(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sakki kara yonderu noni zenzen henji shite kurenai desu
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Card ID: 1673815538934[I don't like it here], because the summer is very hot.
natsu: summer
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Card ID: 1673815538936(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
totemo atsui natsu no
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Card ID: 1673815538938As for what I want to hear right now: It's not those words (or less literal: that's not what I want to hear right now).
kotoba: word, phrase
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Card ID: 1673815538940(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ima watashi ga kikitai no ha sonna kotoba janai ｡
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Card ID: 1673815538942[You're] totally not understanding a girl's feelings!
onna no ko: young woman, girl
Note that parsing written Japanese is a bit inconsistent here, "onnanoko" is spelled together, while "onna no hito" had whitespaces on a previous card. It's quite some effort to correct this everywhere, so I just leave it as it is for now. Remember: Japanese has no whitespaces anyway. If spelled with kanji, this is much easier to read though: 女の子.
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Card ID: 1673815538944(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
onnanoko no kimochi nante zenzen wakattenai
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Card ID: 1673815538946[Your] Japanese is super skillful -> something you will hear when you say a little more than "konnichiha" to a Japanese person ;).
jouzu: skillful; skilled; proficient; good (at)
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Card ID: 1673815538948(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nihongo sugoi jouzu desu ne
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Card ID: 1673815538950Isn't this a kid [over there]? Looks tasty! (seems like they want to eat it, I haven't seen this anime).
kodomo: child, kid
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Card ID: 1673815538952(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kodomo janai ka umasou
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Card ID: 1673815538956(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sakki yori ha yoku narimashita yo ne
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Card ID: 1673815538958[I have to] hang up soon (i.e. to stop talking on the phone)
kiru: to cut (paper, hair, vegetables), but also (like in this example): to hang up the phone
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Card ID: 1673815538960(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
jaa sorosoro kiru ne
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Card ID: 1673815538962OK [everyone], class [is about to] start --> e.g. the teacher is asking the students to get to their seats.
hajimeru: to start; to begin; to commence
Remark: the "haaaai" in the beginning is often used to get the attention of someone.
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Card ID: 1673815538964(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ha-i jugyou wo hajimemasu yo-
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Card ID: 1673815538966[It's strange,] a girl being at a place like this.
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Card ID: 1673815538968(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
konna tokoroni onnanoko ga iru nante
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Card ID: 1673815538970[I am] looking forward to winter.
fuyu: winter
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Card ID: 1673815538972(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
fuyu ga tanoshimi da na
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Card ID: 1673815538974regoshi, as for this summer [you told us about], how was it?
natsu: summer
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Card ID: 1673815538976(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
regoshi kono natsu ha dou datta no yo
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Card ID: 1673815538978[I know it's not nice] but we need money!
hitsuyou: necessary; needed; essential; indispensable
This is another interesting example of different word types: In Japanese, it's a noun, while you would rather use a verb (need) in English.
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Card ID: 1673815538980(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo ne watashitachi ni ha okane ga hitsuyou nanda
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Card ID: 1673815538984(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sonogo dou natta ka ha dare mo shiranee
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Card ID: 1673815538986[I] want to become better [at this].
jouzu: skillful; skilled; proficient; good (at)
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Card ID: 1673815538988(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
motto jouzu ni naritai
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Card ID: 1673815538990But as expected, human blood is a requirement -> we need human blood [to complete this / to heal him...]
yappari. as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end
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Card ID: 1673815538992(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo yappari hito no chi ha hitsuyou
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Card ID: 1673815538994How about cutting [your] hair a bit? Literally: what if you cut your hair a bit (due to conditional form "kittara").
kiru: to cut (paper, hair, vegetables), but also: to hang up the phone
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Card ID: 1673815538996(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ne kami sukoshi kittara
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Card ID: 1673815538998[We] will need more money [to finish this].
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Card ID: 1673815539000(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
motto okane ga hitsuyou ni naru yo
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Card ID: 1673815539002As for you two, [you are] from shinganshinaku, aren't you?
shusshin: one's origin (e.g. city, country, parentage, school)
Remark: I found names quite hard to understand...
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Card ID: 1673815539004(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
futari ha ano shiganshinaku no shusshin da yo ne
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Card ID: 1673815539006The winter here is great, isn't it?
fuyu: winter
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Card ID: 1673815539008(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
koko no fuyu ha ii na
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Card ID: 1673815539010Water and the toilet are downstairs -> the girl is renting a room in an old house. She doesn't have water and a toilet on this floor.
shita: below; down; under
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Card ID: 1673815539012(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mizu to o toire ha shita yo
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Card ID: 1673815539014What do you mind since recently? -> What is bothering you since a while ago?
ki ni suru: to mind (negative nuance); to care about
I found it hard to distinguish all these phrases with "ki".
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Card ID: 1673815539016(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sakki kara nani wo ki ni shiteru n da yo
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Card ID: 1673815539018As for after that, there's no information -> They are talking about a mysterious girl, but only know about her up so some point in time.
sonoato: after that; afterwards (sometimes also pronounced "sonogo").
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Card ID: 1673815539020(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sonoato no jouhou ha nashi
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Card ID: 1673815539022As for black cats, [they] are cute.
kuroi: black, dark
nyanko: kitty-cat (children's language). This is an important word in this anime, more on this later ;)
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Card ID: 1673815539024(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kuroi nyanko tte kawaii na
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Card ID: 1673815539026There's no need to spend money.
betsuni: (not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially
okane wo kakeru: to spend money
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Card ID: 1673815539028(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
betsu ni okane wo kakeru hitsuyou ha nai no
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Card ID: 1673815539032(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
iie sore ha chigaimasu ｡
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Card ID: 1673815539034As for [your origin], where is it? -> Where are you from?
shusshin: one's origin (e.g. city, country, parentage, school)
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Card ID: 1673815539036(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shusshin doko desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815539038As for opened the window: Who is it? -> Who opened the window?
mado: window
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Card ID: 1673815539040(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mado wo aketa no ha dare da ?
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Card ID: 1673815539042But why is it necessary to wound / injure people?
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Card ID: 1673815539044(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo doushite hito wo kizutsukeru hitsuyou ga aru n darou
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Card ID: 1673815539046
Version 7 of the deck ended here
As always: I will update this deck when I have time. However, the next update will take a while, as I need a serious break now. If you'd like to get notified, you can sign up for the
newsletter or check the deck page on
Ankiweb.
If you like the course, please rate it on
Ankiweb. If you don't like it, please send me some suggestions for improvement: joe@japanese-like-a-breeze.com. Thanks!
Press "@" or "!" to suspend this remark.
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Card ID: 1673815539048And now, let's say congratulations to [your] wedding with everybody!
kekkon: marriage (this ranks surprisingly high on my frequency lists)
sorede: so; therefore; and; (and) then, well
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Card ID: 1673815539050(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sorede minna de kekkon omedetou tte iimashou
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Card ID: 1673815539052Ok, and what about the picture below [the one you just explained? They are looking at a larger gallery of pictures on the wall].
shita: below; down; under
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Card ID: 1673815539054(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
takeshi jaa sono shita no shashin ha
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Card ID: 1673815539056The feeling / impression [when drinking ordinary grape juice and freshly pressed juice] is completely different (they are really talking about juice here :D).
kanji: feeling; sense; impression
The word "kanji" is not only a Chinese character, but it also has this completely different meaning. I often found this quite hard to translate.
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Card ID: 1673815539058(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
zenzen kanji ga chigaimasu yo
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Card ID: 1673815539060As for you, [you] must not be separated from your siblings.
kyoudai: sibling(s), also: brothers
Reminder: "-te ha ikanai" means "must not"
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Card ID: 1673815539062(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omae ha kyoudai to hanarete ha ikan
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Card ID: 1673815539064It's ok, it's ok, it's not black yet (they're talking about a silver spear. When it turns dark, the speaker will die - for whatever reason).
This sentence can also mean: It's not dark (outside) yet, i.e. the sun is still shining a bit.
kuroi: black, dark
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Card ID: 1673815539066(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daijoubu daijoubu mada kurokunai
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Card ID: 1673815539070(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
iie chigau anata ha dare na no
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Card ID: 1673815539072Something entered through the window and... [took pikachu]. Note that the past tense in this example comes from the second part of the sentence, which is missing here. This sentence is linked to the second one using the -te form.
mado: window
Reminder: -te iku and -te kuru direct the preceding verb (hairu - to enter) into a direction. kuru means, that the entering happens towards the speaker into the room.
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Card ID: 1673815539074(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mado kara nani ka ga haitte kite
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Card ID: 1673815539078(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
masaka konna koto ni naru nante
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Card ID: 1673815539080I also was like that before [I] got married.
kekkon: marriage (this ranks surprisingly high on my frequency lists)
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Card ID: 1673815539082(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi mo kekkon suru mae ha sonna datta naa
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Card ID: 1673815539084 You, at school [you] always read books alone, don't you.
hon: book
"hon" also works with the store suffix we already had: honya - book store.
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Card ID: 1673815539086(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
omae saa gakkou de ittsumo hitori de hon yonderu yo na
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Card ID: 1673815539088kurosakika brothers, if [you want to] fight, then [go] over there [out of the room].
kyoudai: sibling(s), also: brothers
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Card ID: 1673815539090(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ochi kurosakika no kyoudai kenka nara acchi de yare
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Card ID: 1673815539092 Keep your eyes on shigeta's right, or more literal: Watch shigeta's right well.
migi: right
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Card ID: 1673815539094(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shigeta no migi wo yoku mite oke
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Card ID: 1673815539096Watch your tone (lit: pay attention to your words).
kotoba: word, phrase; but also: language / way of speaking
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Card ID: 1673815539098(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kotoba ni ki wo tsukero
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Card ID: 1673815539100Please don't think of me as a kid forever.
kodomo: child, kid
itsu made mo: forever, this is often taught as one word or phrase (itsumademo). Literally, it means something like "until even when".
Reminder 1: "to omou" is used to "quote" and talk about the previous phrase in the sense: to think. It's related to "to iu".
Reminder 2: mama is a noun and refers to a state. xxx no mama usually translates to "as xxx".
References:
http://www.guidetojapanese.org/quotation.html
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Card ID: 1673815539102(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
itsu made mo kodomo no mama to omowanaide kudasai
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Card ID: 1673815539104At the time when I started [to play] the guitar, [do you] remember what [I] did [physical action]? -> e.g. what he did to improve, playing an instrument is hard, after all.
hajimeru: to start; to begin; to commence
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Card ID: 1673815539106(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ga gita- hajimeta toki nani yatteta ka oboeteru
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Card ID: 1673815539108[You] explicitly came here for returning that?
tame ni: for; for the sake of; in order to
In some resources, this is often covered as topic of its own, but not found in Tae Kim's guide. Probably, because it is just the common use case of "ni" as Tae Kim explained it: ni marks the preceding word as target of a verb or clause. In this case, the preceding word is "tame - sake, purpose".
References:
https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/how-to-express-aims/#1
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Card ID: 1673815539110(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore kaesu tameni wazawaza kita no
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Card ID: 1673815539112When [it] becomes summer, the city becomes quiet to a scary degree.
natsu: summer
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Card ID: 1673815539114(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
natsu ni naru to machi ha kowai hodo shizuka ni naru
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Card ID: 1673815539116[Your] father is good at food (=at cooking) so [eating at your place will be] tasty.
jouzu: skillful; skilled; proficient; good (at)
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Card ID: 1673815539118(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
otousan o ryouri jouzu da kara oishii desu yo
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Card ID: 1673815539120[After this incident] did swimming thing become disliked? -> Do you hate swimming now?
kirai: disliked; hated; disagreeable
Reminder: -te shimau describes unintended actions, often with bad outcome.
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Card ID: 1673815539122(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
oyogu koto kirai ni natte shimaimashita ka
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Card ID: 1673815539124Huh? No way, you cut [your hair] yourself?!
kiru: to cut (paper, hair, vegetables), but also (like in this example): to hang up the phone
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Card ID: 1673815539126(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
n masaka jibun de kiru no
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Card ID: 1673815539128If [you] are strong against coldness, [you will] not catch a cold even though [it is] winter.
fuyu: winter
kaze wo hiku: to catch a cold
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Card ID: 1673815539130(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
samusa ni tsuyoi to fuyu de mo kaze wo hikanai
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Card ID: 1673815539132As for running, [this is] impossible [now, looks like the girl is injured]
hashiru: to run
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Card ID: 1673815539134(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kore ja hashiru no ha muri da na
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Card ID: 1673815539136As for afterwards, what [will] you do? -> well, and what will you do afterwards?
sonoato: after that; afterwards
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Card ID: 1673815539138(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
jaa sonoato ha dou suru n da
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Card ID: 1673815539140As for you two, where are you from?
shusshin: one's origin (e.g. city, country, parentage, school)
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Card ID: 1673815539142(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
futari ha doko no shusshin na no
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Card ID: 1673815539144Not [for] eat purpose [I killed], for kill purpose [I] killed.
tame ni: for; for the sake of; in order to
In some resources, this is often covered as topic of its own, but not found in Tae Kim's guide. Probably, because it is just the common use case of "ni" as Tae Kim explained it: ni marks the preceding word as target of a verb or clause. In this case, the preceding word is "tame - sake, purpose".
References:
https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/how-to-express-aims/#1
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Card ID: 1673815539146(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kuu tame janaku korosu tameni koroshita n da yo
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Card ID: 1673815539148I also like to sing.
utau: to sing
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Card ID: 1673815539150(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku mo utau no ha suki da
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Card ID: 1673815539152[I] hate saying-such-thing people -> I hate people who say such things.
daikirai: strong dislike, hating
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Card ID: 1673815539154(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sonna koto wo iu hito daikirai desu
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Card ID: 1673815539156Please tell me [your] given name.
Remark: In Japanese, you usually address people with their last name. When writing down names, the last name is written first. Moreover, Japanese is traditionally written from top to bottom, so the given name is below the last name. That's why given name literally is "bottom name" in Japanese, have a look at the reference.
shita: below; down; under
References:
https://hinative.com/questions/967934
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Card ID: 1673815539158(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ja shita no namae oshiete kudasai
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Card ID: 1673815539160Why am I cleaning up alone? -> This guy loves to clean and to do housework. However, he's currently on vacation in Okinawa with some friends who went to the beach without him.
souji: cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
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Card ID: 1673815539162(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nande hitori de souji shiteru n da ore
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Card ID: 1673815539164A while ago [she] said: [I go and call my brother] and went off.
hashiru: to run
Difficult sentence, hints: tte itte is "to iu" in it's -te form. "xxx to iu" means "to say xxx". The -te form then links it to the next part of the sentence (hashitteta), which is from hashitte ita.
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Card ID: 1673815539166(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sakki oniisan wo yonde kuru tte itte hashitteta n da
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Card ID: 1673815539168Stay away from the window...!
mado: window
hanareru: to be separated, to go away
hanaretete: colloquial shortening of hanarete ite, ite being the -te form of "iru". So we have an enduring state here, hence the "stay away" in the translation.
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Card ID: 1673815539170(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mado kara hanaretete
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Card ID: 1673815539172tatoeba: for example
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Card ID: 1673815539176This umbrella, if [you] like, you can use it.
tsukau: to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use
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Card ID: 1673815539178(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kono kasa yokattara anta tsukatte yo
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Card ID: 1673815539182(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
okaasan otousan to kekkon dekite shiawase datta kara
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Card ID: 1673815539184Doesn't [this] feel like there are only two people / the two of us in the world? (They are sitting together in an empty classroom).
kanji: feeling; sense; impression
The word "kanji" is not only a Chinese character, but it also has this completely different meaning. I often found this quite hard to translate.
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Card ID: 1673815539186(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sekai ni futari shika inai kanji shinai
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Card ID: 1673815539188Sing with a slightly louder / larger voice.
utau: to sing
Reminder: verb stem + nasai = firm, but polite order
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Card ID: 1673815539190(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mousukoshi ookii koe de utai nasai
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Card ID: 1673815539196[And you, ramuchi, you are] good at cleaning toilets, right? -> the guy is trying to compliment one of the girls. Probably not the right words :D
souji: cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
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Card ID: 1673815539198(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
un toire souji toka jouzu da yo na
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Card ID: 1673815539202(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
masaka hontouni tabetenai no ka
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Card ID: 1673815539206(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sonna fuu ni kangaete ha ikenai to omotte ita
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Card ID: 1673815539208Do [me] the favor of using [it], my body [I mean].
tsukau: to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to put to use
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Card ID: 1673815539210(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tsukatte kure ore no karada wo
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Card ID: 1673815539212Before [I] kill [you], [I] by all means want to know thing is there -> there's something I want to know by all means, before I kill you.
zehi: by all means; certainly; definitely
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Card ID: 1673815539214(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
korosu mae ni zehi kikitai koto ga aru
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Card ID: 1673815539216Ok, thanks everyone for giving me the favor of subscribing!
touroku: registration, subscription; this is a word you'll often hear in youtube videos ;)
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Card ID: 1673815539218(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hai minna touroku shite kurete arigatou
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Card ID: 1673815539220As for conversation, that's all. Thank you for giving me the favor of listening.
ijou: that's all; that is the end; the end
Again a word I often found hard to translate, probably because a different meaning of "ijou" is "beyond, more than", see one of the next cards.
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Card ID: 1673815539222(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hanashi ha ijou da kiite kurete arigatou
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Card ID: 1673815539224Does [it] always feel like this? lit: Is [it] always this feeling?
kanji: feeling; sense; impression
The word "kanji" is not only a Chinese character, but it also has this completely different meaning. I often found this quite hard to translate.
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Card ID: 1673815539226(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
itsumo konna kanji na no
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Card ID: 1673815539228As for what-I-can-say thing, that's all -> This is all I can say.
ijou: that's all; that is the end; the end
Again a word I often found hard to translate, probably because a different meaning of "ijou" is "beyond, more than", see one of the next cards.
References:
https://nihongomaster.com/japanese/dictionary/word/14505/ijou
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Card ID: 1673815539230(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ni ieru koto ha ijou da
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Card ID: 1673815539234(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
matte masaka hontouni iitai koto ga aru no ka
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Card ID: 1673815539236Thank you. As for [what I] wanted to ask today thing, that's all -> this is all I wanted to ask you today. Note that "koto" can in many cases not be translated to English directly, but you'll get used to this over time, trust me ;).
ijou: that's all; that is the end; the end
Again a word I often found hard to translate, probably because a different meaning of "ijou" is "beyond, more than", see one of the next cards.
Reminder: kiku -> kikitai -> kikitakatta (wanted to ask)
References:
https://nihongomaster.com/japanese/dictionary/word/14505/ijou
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Card ID: 1673815539238(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
arigatou kyou kikitakatta koto ha ijou desu
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Card ID: 1673815539240Come on, that way-of-saying is not good -> don't put it that way.
souiu: such; like that; that sort of (refers to something close to the listener, just as for sore / kore)
References:
https://hinative.com/questions/15364581
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Card ID: 1673815539242(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
chotto souiu iikata ha yokunai yo
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Card ID: 1673815539244...but even if [I] win this way, it's totally not joyful/delightful -> I don't want to win like this [the speaker is about to win a fight, because the opponent gave up].
fuu: method; manner; way; style
The pattern -te mo can be used to express: even if / regardless / no matter what.
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Card ID: 1673815539246(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
da kara tte konna fuu ni katte mo zenzen ureshikunai yo
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Card ID: 1673815539248Beyond this, what-do intention is it? This sort of means: What else do you intend to do beyond this? Do you want to cause even more trouble?
ijou: beyond, more than
ki: motivation, intention
I'd say the major meaning of "ki" is "spirit; mind; heart". What I found very interesting is that all other meanings such as "motivation, intention" can somehow be mapped to "spirit, mind".
References:
https://nihongomaster.com/japanese/dictionary/word/14505/ijou
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Card ID: 1673815539250(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kore ijou nani wo suru ki da
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Card ID: 1673815539252If there's a cannot-read kanji, [I] teach [you].
kanji: Chinese character, which makes reading Japanese a nightmare (or fun, choose your favorite :D)
Note the -te yaru construction. Here, we do not have a physical action. Instead, this is used to express the listener's lower status. A more friendly way to express this would be to use -te ageru.
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Card ID: 1673815539254(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yomenai kanji ga attara oshiete yaru zon
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Card ID: 1673815539258(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore wo iu tameni matte ita
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Card ID: 1673815539262(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kouiu no ha jikan ga kakaru
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Card ID: 1673815539266(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
jibun no koto mo kirai ni naranai de
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Card ID: 1673815539268Should [I] have made them running more? -> Looks like the guy is a trainer, this anime is about running.
hashiru: to run
Reminder 1: hashiraseru is causative: to make or to let someone do something - running in this case.
Reminder 2: beki is used to express "should"
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Card ID: 1673815539270(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
motto hashiraseru beki datta ka
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Card ID: 1673815539272So in the end, you are that sort of person -> looks like the speaker just realized the true nature of the listener.
souiu: such; like that; that sort of (refers to something close to the listener, just as for sore / kore)
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Card ID: 1673815539274(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kekkyoku omae ha souiu yatsu nanda
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Card ID: 1673815539276[Are you] Ok? Stomach? Does [your] stomach hurt?
onaka: stomach, belly
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Card ID: 1673815539278(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daijoubu onaka onaka itai no
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Card ID: 1673815539280It's bad, it's bad, do not think about [it] beyond this point [i.e. do not think any further].
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Card ID: 1673815539282(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dame da dame da kore ijou kangaeru na
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Card ID: 1673815539284Damn it, my throat, grwafawr -> Sounds like the poor guy gets choked by something...
nodo: throat
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Card ID: 1673815539286(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shimatta ore no nodo ga a ga aa
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Card ID: 1673815539288What happened? As for that [you in this small jar, I mean]
doushitan: what happened? What's the matter?
This actually is: dou shita no with the last "no" just as "n". Literally, it means: what/how was [it] (from dou shita), the additional "no" is the explanatory one, which in a question means that an explanation is desired.
Caution, this is rather informal.
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Card ID: 1673815539290(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
doushitan da sore ha
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Card ID: 1673815539292[It was] about one week ago, wasn't it?
kurai: approximately, about, around (sometimes also spelled "gurai", used to make expressions or numbers more vague)
isshuukan: one week
Just learn isshuukan as "one week" for now. This is actually build from:
ichi - one
shuu - week
kan - period of time
I found counting boring and a nighmare for several reasons, every 5 year old Japanese kid can probably do it better than me. This will be put into a separate deck.
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Card ID: 1673815539294(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
isshuukan kurai mae ka na
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Card ID: 1673815539296Why don't [you] sing in English [for me]?
utau: to sing
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Card ID: 1673815539298(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
doushite eigo de utatte kurenai n desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815539300That the match is over, [I] still can't believe (maybe it was a fight against a very tough opponent)
shiai: match, game. Sometimes also: fight
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Card ID: 1673815539302(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shiai ga owatta nante mada shinjirarenai ya
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Card ID: 1673815539304[The guy I am referring to] is a nice man with a face like this [look at the picture the speaker has drawn: Very accurate :D]
kouiu: such; this sort of; like this (refers to something close to the speaker, just as for sore / kore)
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Card ID: 1673815539306(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kouiu kao no ii otoko da
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Card ID: 1673815539308Is new year's cleaning really that fun?!
souji: cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
oosouji: major cleanup, spring cleanup (new year's cleaning often done in Japanese households in late December)
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Card ID: 1673815539310(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
oosouji ga sonnani tanoshii no ka yo
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Card ID: 1673815539312Shall [I] give [you] the favor of opening the medicine? The guy on the bed maybe does not have enough strength to open it himself.
kusuri: medicine
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Card ID: 1673815539314(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kusuri akete ageyou ka
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Card ID: 1673815539316Tomorrow too [we] study at the same time.
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Card ID: 1673815539318(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ashita mo onaji jikan ni benkyou yo
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Card ID: 1673815539320Because [I] became so full, [I will] take a break.
onaka: stomach, belly
onaka ippai: colloquial way to say you're full, also: that you had enough.
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Card ID: 1673815539322(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
onaka ippai ni natta kara chotto kyuukei
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Card ID: 1673815539324[I] am home! Mom! Tea! [My] throat is bone dry
nodo: throat
karakara: parched, bone dry. This is a nice example for onomatopoeia (words that mimic something): karakara sounds a bit like choking or a dry throat, doesn't it?
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Card ID: 1673815539326(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tadaima okaasan ocha nodo kara kara
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Card ID: 1673815539328Introduce yourself
jikoshoukai: self-introduction. It's jiko + shoukai. We already had it in several videos, here's finally a flashcard as reminder ;).
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Card ID: 1673815539330(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
jaa jikoshoukai shite
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Card ID: 1673815539332Now [I am] happy to the can't believe-extend
kurai: approximately, about, around (sometimes also spelled "gurai", used to make expressions or numbers more vague)
kurai: to (about) the extend that...
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Card ID: 1673815539334(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ima watashi shinjirarenai kurai ni shiawase desu
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Card ID: 1673815539336Looks like winning will be hard this year.
kotoshi: this year, current year
kibishii: severe; strict; rigid; unsparing; relentless
Reminder: -sou: appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance
This is just another example for expressing similarity/appearance/hearsay. Don't worry about the difference to the others for now, just translate it like the others.
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Card ID: 1673815539338(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kotoshi ha kibishisou da yo
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Card ID: 1673815539340Fighting beyond this is impossible.
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Card ID: 1673815539342(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kore ijou tatakau no ha muri da
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Card ID: 1673815539344I saw that [special] match on TV
shiai: match, game. Sometimes also: fight
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Card ID: 1673815539346(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ano shiai terebi de mitemashita
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Card ID: 1673815539348What's wrong? Making such a dark face?
doushitano / dou shita no: what's the matter?; what's wrong?
kurai: dark, gloomy (don't mix them up...)
I already mentioned it on a different card: Japanese has many homophones (words with same pronunciation, but different meaning). They are usually written with different kanji - one of the strengths of the writing system. Since there are no kanji popping up during a conversation however, this will not help your listening comprehension much.
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Card ID: 1673815539350(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dou shita no sonna kurai kao shite
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Card ID: 1673815539352From now on, let's do this [physical action] every year.
maitoshi: every year
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Card ID: 1673815539354(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
korekara ha maitoshi yarou ne
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Card ID: 1673815539356As for me, [I] stopped drinking the medicine
kusuri: medicine
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Card ID: 1673815539358(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ha kusuri wo nomu no wo yameta
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Card ID: 1673815539360I give you (lower rank) the favor of going instead.
kawari: substitute; replacement; substituting; replacing
kawari ni: instead of, as substitute for
Reminder: -te yaru has the meaning of -te ageru (doing something for someone directed away from the speaker), but is used for something of lower rank, e.g. when feeding your dog. When used among people, it's rather unfriendly. Here, the cat is speaking. The cat actually thinks of itself as noble being and thus adresses the protagonist as inferior.
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Card ID: 1673815539362(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ga kawari ni itte kite yaru
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Card ID: 1673815539364[This is] pretty older sister-ish (someone wants to act like a larger sister here).
kekkou: quite, reasonably, fairly, pretty
ppoi: -ish, (slang)
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Card ID: 1673815539366(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kekkou oneesan ppoi desu yo
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Card ID: 1673815539368[You] must come home fast, rain will come falling (less literal: it will rain)
furu: to fall (rain, snow, NOT falling of a person, this is ochiru)
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Card ID: 1673815539370(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hayaku kaeranai to ame futte kuru wa yo
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Card ID: 1673815539372As for today, this is well enough (lit: [we are] well enough with this -> we don't need to do more today).
kekkou: well enough, ok, tolerable (one of these words with different meanings, I somehow found it hard to learn)
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Card ID: 1673815539374(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou ha sore de kekkou
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Card ID: 1673815539376If there are bright times, there are also dark times.
Just ignore the first "mo" here.
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Card ID: 1673815539378(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
akarui toki mo areba kurai toki mo aru
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Card ID: 1673815539380As for this rain, [it] is no normal rain (maybe it is raining more than usual).
futsuu: normal; ordinary; regular
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Card ID: 1673815539382(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kono ame ha futsuu no ame janai
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Card ID: 1673815539384Can [I] get another one?
mouhitotsu: another one
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Card ID: 1673815539386(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mouhitotsu moratte ii desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815539388[Thank you, you] always gave me power.
atashi: girl / female version of "watashi"
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Card ID: 1673815539390(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
itsumo atashi ni chikara wo kureta
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Card ID: 1673815539392[Don't worry, I can safely run around here] because [we] come to this ocean every year [the listener is worried that the speaker might hurt himself running around on the beach].
maitoshi: every year
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Card ID: 1673815539394(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
umi nante maitoshi kiten da kara
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Card ID: 1673815539396We arrived earlier here than planned.
yotei: plans; arrangement; schedule
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Card ID: 1673815539398(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yotei yori hayaku tsuichatta kara na
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Card ID: 1673815539400[Are you] OK? [You] also take a rest today?
yasumu: to take a rest, to take a day off, to be absent
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Card ID: 1673815539402(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
daijoubu kyou mo yasumu
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Card ID: 1673815539404Why are you doing that?!
souiu: such; like that; that sort of (refers to something close to the listener, just as for sore / kore)
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Card ID: 1673815539406(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
doushite souiu koto suru no
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Card ID: 1673815539408As for that [over there, it is] not a normal girl.
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Card ID: 1673815539410(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
are ha futsuu no onnanoko janai kedo
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Card ID: 1673815539412Where [in the world] is an idiot, who forgets an umbrella at the time it is raining -> what the speaker wants to express: there's noone in the world who forgets an umbrella when it rains
furu: to fall (rain, snow, NOT falling of a person, this is ochiru)
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Card ID: 1673815539414(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ame ga futteru tokini kasa wo wasureru baka ga doko ni iru no
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Card ID: 1673815539416Are [you] awake? Literally: did your eyes wake up?
sameru: to wake, to wake up
me ga sameru: to wake up (sameru is often used like this, i.e. together with me - eyes)
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Card ID: 1673815539420There's one other thing I can see (one other thing in the personality of the listener, that's what they are currently talking about).
mouhitotsu: another one
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Card ID: 1673815539422(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ne mieteru koto mouhitotsu aru yo
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Card ID: 1673815539424When [do you] wake up? At wakeup time as for me, what shoud [I] do -> what should I do when you wake up?
mezameru: to wake up (I'm not a linguist, but I'd say this is a standalone word resulting from me ga sameru without the "ga").
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Card ID: 1673815539426(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
itsu mezameru no ka mezameta toki ore ha dou sureba ii no ka
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Card ID: 1673815539428But [I wonder] how much [it] costs.
"kurai" is sometimes spelled "gurai"
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Card ID: 1673815539430(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo ikura gurai kakaru no ka na
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Card ID: 1673815539432But a job like this even will become study / experience [for you] -> you will learn a lot from this job.
kouiu: such; this sort of; like this (refers to something close to the speaker, just as for sore / kore)
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Card ID: 1673815539434(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo kouiu shigoto mo benkyou ni naru yo
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Card ID: 1673815539438(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kono sekai da to kami arau no mo taihen da shi
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Card ID: 1673815539440Hanegawa-san, take the day off from school, I also take a rest (ignore the trailing "kara" here).
yasumu: to be absent; to take a day off, to rest
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Card ID: 1673815539442(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hanegawa sankyou ha gakkou wo yasumi nasai watashi mo yasumu kara
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Card ID: 1673815539444Yes, [it is really not a special item. It is] more normal than [I] thought.
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Card ID: 1673815539446(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
un omotta yori futsuu da ne
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Card ID: 1673815539448And then, I wake up from [this] dream -> The speaker seems to dream this dream often and always wakes up when something happens.
sameru: to wake, to wake up
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Card ID: 1673815539450(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
soshite mata ore ha yume kara sameru
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Card ID: 1673815539452[We] just walked to the station together!
eki: train station
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Card ID: 1673815539454(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
eki made issho ni aruita dake desuu
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Card ID: 1673815539456[It's nothing, don't worry] because it's just my throat that hurts a bit.
nodo: throat
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Card ID: 1673815539458(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
chotto nodo ga itai dake da kara
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Card ID: 1673815539460[I don't know why I am bored. Going to the cinema used to be] very enjoyable. Normally [I mean].
futsuu ni: normally
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Card ID: 1673815539462(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sugoi tanoshikatta yo futsuu ni
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Card ID: 1673815539464As for washing [your] body: Isn't that [other] body easier? -> The listener can change her body shape and the speaker wonders, if washing her body in a given shape is easier.
arau: to wash
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Card ID: 1673815539466(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kobayashi karada arau no ha sono karada no hou ga yari yasui n janai no
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Card ID: 1673815539470(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mienakute mo kanjirareru
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Card ID: 1673815539472Quickly get inside the house
naka: inside; interior; among; within
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Card ID: 1673815539474(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hayaku ie no naka ni hairi nasai
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Card ID: 1673815539476Did [you] drink ALL of the medicine?! Note the small break behind "zenbu", which illustrates the use: xxx-zenbu means all of xxx.
kusuri: medicine
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Card ID: 1673815539478(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kusuri zenbu nonda no ka
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Card ID: 1673815539482(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kimi ga nigete mo shinimasu
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Card ID: 1673815539484[He] worked part time at the convenience store. The one in front of the train station.
eki: train station
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Card ID: 1673815539486(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
konbini de baito shiteta ekimae no
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Card ID: 1673815539488...and this year, the time [for this] has come.
kotoshi: this year, current year
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Card ID: 1673815539490(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
soshite kotoshi toki ha kita
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Card ID: 1673815539492Why do [you] think I am so popular among girls?
moteru: to be popular (esp. with the opposite sex); to be well liked
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Card ID: 1673815539494(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi ga onna ni moteru no ha nande da to omou
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Card ID: 1673815539498(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ima made konna yume wo amari mita koto ga nakatta
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Card ID: 1673815539500This year, it seems like [they] are making a movie [at the school's culture festival]. A culture festival is an event held by many schools, where students show some kind of artistic achievement. This is also topic of various animes.
kotoshi: this year, current year
References:
culture festival
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Card ID: 1673815539502(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kotoshi ha eiga wo tsukuru mitai nanda kedo
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Card ID: 1673815539506(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
naruhodo yoku mireba otoko da
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Card ID: 1673815539508When [I] close [my] eyes, it seems like [I] am still inside this dream.
naka: inside; interior; among; within
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Card ID: 1673815539510(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
me wo tojiru to mada yume no naka ni iru mitai
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Card ID: 1673815539514(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yoku minakute mo otoko da yo
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Card ID: 1673815539516[He is] popular as ever, isn't [he]?
ninki: popularity; public favor
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Card ID: 1673815539518(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
aikawarazu sugoi ninki ne
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Card ID: 1673815539522(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
arigatou sore tabe owattara kaette ne
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Card ID: 1673815539524When [you] finished eathing this, let's go home by train.
Every once in a while you might encounter verbs that are not chained together using the -te form, but the verb stem (tabe) followed by another verb. I could not find any official rules here, only a question on Japanese stack exchange, but I think the answer does not apply here. Just accept it for now, the examples are rather rare. I still wanted to add this for the sake of completeness.
References:
https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/73871/%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99-verb-stem-another-verb-grammar-meaning
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Card ID: 1673815539526(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
tabe owattara densha de kaerou ne
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Card ID: 1673815539528[I'd love to do something about it] but as for things that can be done by me, [I] don't understand much [about them] -> I don't know what I can do.
amari: (not) very; (not) much
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Card ID: 1673815539530(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
boku ni dekiru koto ga amari wakaranai kedo
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Card ID: 1673815539534I also want to play outside.
soto: outside, exterior
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Card ID: 1673815539536(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi mo soto de asobitai
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Card ID: 1673815539538It came [that we] spent a long time together...
sugosu: to pass (time); to spend
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Card ID: 1673815539540(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nagai jikan issho ni sugoshite kita yo na
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Card ID: 1673815539542[He] just decided if [he] either talks or not talks to you. Or less literally: He just decided if he talks to you or not.
x ka y ka: Either x or y. Especially if y is the negation of x as in this example, this can also be translated to "whether or not".
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Card ID: 1673815539544(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ima anata to hanasu ka hanasanai ka kimeta
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Card ID: 1673815539546Well, it feels like [he] still doesn't know if [he] has interest [in it] or not.
x ka y ka: Either x or y. Especially if y is the negation of x as in this example, this can also be translated to "whether or not".
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Card ID: 1673815539548(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
jaa kyoumi aru ka nai ka mada wakannai kanji
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Card ID: 1673815539550DID YOU GET THIS?! THINK [about it] AS MATCH/CONTEST OF EITHER LIVING OR DYING!
x ka y ka: Either x or y.
Reminder: omoe is the (rather rude) command form of omou - to think.
ikiru: to live, to exist
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Card ID: 1673815539552(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ii ka ikiru ka shinu ka no shoubu to omoe
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Card ID: 1673815539554Why do [you] confess [your] love to everyone?
kokuhaku: professing one's feelings (to someone one wants to go out with); declaration of love
This word is pretty frequent in anime, but not so common on the wikipedia frequency list i'm using ;).
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Card ID: 1673815539556(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nande minna ni kokuhaku suru no
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Card ID: 1673815539558[This firetable on the picture] is the thing that's so popular, because it is so light -> this anime is about camping, and on some campgrounds, people are not allowed to light a campfire directly on the ground.
ninki: popularity; public favor
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Card ID: 1673815539560(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
o sugoi karukute ninki no yatsu jan
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Card ID: 1673815539562[Do you] go out with ogiso?
tsukiau: to keep company with; to go out with. This is often used in the context of dating, but is not restricted to this use case.
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Card ID: 1673815539564(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ogiso to tsukiau no ka
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Card ID: 1673815539566[I know I should eat this] but [I] don't know whether or not [it] is tasty.
xxx ka dou ka: whether or not something is xxx
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Card ID: 1673815539568(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
oishii ka dou ka wakaranai kedo
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Card ID: 1673815539570I knew it! We should also go to search [for it] outside of the school.
soto: outside, exterior
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Card ID: 1673815539572(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
yappari watashitachi mo gakkou no soto sagashi ni ikou yo
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Card ID: 1673815539574Both I and my parents had the same feeling.
x mo y mo: Both x and y
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Card ID: 1673815539576(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashi mo ryoushin mo onaji kimochi datta
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Card ID: 1673815539578Spending this summer with me, how was it?
sugosu: to pass (time); to spend
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Card ID: 1673815539580(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kono natsu watashi to sugoshite dou datta
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Card ID: 1673815539582[You'd] better wash [your] face
arau: to wash
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Card ID: 1673815539584(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kao aratta hou ga ii desu yo ｡ haa
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Card ID: 1673815539586Are [you] remembering? The time when [you] gave me the favor of confessing [your] love...
kokuhaku: professing one's feelings (to someone one wants to go out with); declaration of love
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Card ID: 1673815539588(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
oboete iru ka na ore ni kokuhaku shite kureta toki no koto
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Card ID: 1673815539592(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mou ii omae mo imouto mo koroshite yaru
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Card ID: 1673815539594Pay attention to cars
kuruma: car, vehicle
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Card ID: 1673815539596(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kuruma ni ki wo tsukete ne
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Card ID: 1673815539598[I] have neither seen nor heard [about this].
x mo y mo: Neither x nor y (in a negative sentence)
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Card ID: 1673815539600(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mita koto mo kiita koto mo nai
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Card ID: 1673815539602Can [you] give [me] the favor of hanging out a bit? --> the speaker wants to talk to the protagonist of this anime, thus asks this question.
tsukiau: to keep company with; to go out with. This is often used in the context of dating, but is not restricted to this use case.
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Card ID: 1673815539604(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sukoshi tsukiatte kurenai ka
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Card ID: 1673815539606As for today, [I] go shopping in front of the train station.
eki: train station
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Card ID: 1673815539608(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou ha watashi ekimae de kaimono shite kaerimasu
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Card ID: 1673815539610It's scary [in here]. It's scary and [I] can't stand it.
tamaranai: unbearable, irresistible
You can think of this word as "unbearable" in both a positive and negative sense: A scary situation is unbearable, but the lure of e.g. some delicious food might also be unbearable (we usually use something like irresistible in this case - see next card)
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Card ID: 1673815539612(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kowai yo kowakute tamaranai yo
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Card ID: 1673815539614[This food] is irresistible. This anime is about food and cooking, it's funny and weird btw. make sure to watch the first episode :D
tamaranai: unbearable, irresistible
You can think of this word as "unbearable" in both a positive and negative sense: A scary situation is unbearable, but the lure of e.g. some delicious food might also be unbearable.
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Card ID: 1673815539616(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
fuffufu kore ha tamaranai na
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Card ID: 1673815539618If [you] do that [running away leaving the speaker with his work behind] [I] will stab you.
sasu: to stab, to sting
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Card ID: 1673815539620(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sonna koto wo shitara sasu wa yo
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Card ID: 1673815539622As for the thing I want: It changed neither now nor a long time ago (i.e. I still want the same).
x mo y mo: Both x and y
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Card ID: 1673815539624(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ore ga hoshii mono ha ima mo mukashi mo kawaranai
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Card ID: 1673815539626As for kotomi kun: Was [he] saying anything about me?
xxx ni tsuite: about xxx, regarding xxx
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Card ID: 1673815539628(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kotomi kun ha watashi ni tsuite nani ka itte ita ka ne
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Card ID: 1673815539630Don't worry...
Reminder: The negative command form simply is verb + na, just as in this example.
Try to keep this in mind for the next cards (negative command form).
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Card ID: 1673815539632(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
shinpai suru na sugu ...
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Card ID: 1673815539634As for that conversation, how long is it going to continue?
tsudzuku: to continue; to last; to go on
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Card ID: 1673815539636(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sono hanashi dore kurai tsudzuku no
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Card ID: 1673815539638The real problem is inside me (probably something on her mind or her way of thinking)
naka: inside; interior; among; within
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Card ID: 1673815539640(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hontou no mondai ha watashi no naka ni aru
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Card ID: 1673815539642Ok, big brother, let's take many pictures
toru: to take (this is the most general of its 5000 meanings). shashin/video/podcast wo toru means to take/record a photo/video/podcast
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Card ID: 1673815539644(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
umaru yo-shi o niichan ippai shashin wo torou
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Card ID: 1673815539646[I] want to learn more about this car!
kuruma: car, vehicle
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Card ID: 1673815539648(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
motto kono kuruma no koto shiritai desu
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Card ID: 1673815539650Don't forget this!
Reminder: The negative command form simply is verb + na, just as in this example.
Try to keep this in mind for the next cards (negative command form).
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Card ID: 1673815539652(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore wo wasureru na !
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Card ID: 1673815539654As for giving [us] the favor of preparing food, it's your wife I guess? -> I guess your wife makes food for us?
okusan: wife
-te kudasaru has the same meaning as -te kureru, but is kind of one level more polite.
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Card ID: 1673815539656(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ryouri wo tsukutte kudasaru no ha okusan desho
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Card ID: 1673815539658As for bento / (boxed) lunch, eat [it] together.
Reminder: nasai: Use it together with the verb stem to issue a friendly yet firm command.
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Card ID: 1673815539660(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mei obentou ha futari de tabe nasai
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Card ID: 1673815539662But if [I] stab it, blood... [will come out ->they are talking about killing a rabbit, but the speaker is afraid of blood]
sasu: to stab, to sting
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Card ID: 1673815539664(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
de demo sashitara chi ga
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Card ID: 1673815539668(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
< sono yoru ﾛｰﾆｬ ha yume wo mimashita >
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Card ID: 1673815539672(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo chotto dake tabe na ne
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Card ID: 1673815539676(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
itsu made mo tsudzuku to ha omotte imasen deshita shi itsuka ha owaru koto desu shi
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Card ID: 1673815539678Hey, come on, Panda, eat more!
verb stem + na: colloquial abbreviation of "verb stem + nasai", i.e. tabe nasai in this case.
This actually is a
positive command, which confused me a lot - it is very similar to the negative command, after all. Here's the difference:
- negative command form: verb + na (e.g. taberu na)
- casual positive command: verb stem + na (e.g. tabe na, short for tabe nasai)
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Card ID: 1673815539680(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
panda kun hora motto tabe na yo
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Card ID: 1673815539682Until when is [your] intention to continue this work? -> how long do you intend to continue this work?
tsudsukeru: to continue
Do you remember tsudzuku? It also means "to continue". The difference is: tsudzukeru is done by an active agent (e.g. a person), while tsudzuku happens passively. The first is called transitive, the second intransitive. Don't worry about the differences.
References:
http://guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/in-transitive
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Card ID: 1673815539684(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
itsu made kono shigoto wo tsudzukeru tsumori desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815539686Because [I] forgot [my] phone, [I] came to pick [it] up / take it with me
toru: to take (this is the most general of its 5000 meanings). shashin/video/podcast wo toru means to take/record a photo/video/podcast
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Card ID: 1673815539688(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
uehara keitai wasureta kara tori ni kitan da yo
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Card ID: 1673815539690Oh, right! Wilhelm san earlier said, he had a beautiful wife...
okusan: wife
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Card ID: 1673815539692(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
assou vyiruherumu san kirei na okusan ga iru tte mae ni itteta na to
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Card ID: 1673815539694[I] don't have much time anymore.
amari: (not) very; (not) much
mou: already; (not) anymore (in a negative sentence)
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Card ID: 1673815539696(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mou amari jikan ga arimasen
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Card ID: 1673815539700(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
asa kara ban made yattemasu
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Card ID: 1673815539704(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ima ja machi ha yoru demo akarui shi mou au koto mo nai kamo na
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Card ID: 1673815539706If [you] encounter [this animal] outside, run away.
soto: outside, exterior
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Card ID: 1673815539708(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
moshi soto de attara sugu nigeru koto
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Card ID: 1673815539712(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
oishii desu ka yoku taberu na ｡
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Card ID: 1673815539714[I] do not want to cause trouble for [my] parents.
oya: parents; mother and father
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Card ID: 1673815539716(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
oya ni meiwaku wo kaketakunai
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Card ID: 1673815539718As for today's dinner, what is good? -> what do you want to eat?
bangohan: dinner
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Card ID: 1673815539720(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou no bangohan nani ga ii desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815539722Hey, try opening [your] mouth!
kuchi: mouth, also: way of speaking
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Card ID: 1673815539724(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hora kuchi akete mite kudasai
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Card ID: 1673815539726[Are you] perhaps [her] boyfriend?
moshikashite: perhaps; possibly; maybe; by any chance; if I'm not mistaken (learn this as one word)
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Card ID: 1673815539728(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
moshikashite kareshi desu ka
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Card ID: 1673815539730[I] guess it is Monday today?
getsuyoubi: Monday
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Card ID: 1673815539732(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou ha getsuyoubi daro
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Card ID: 1673815539736(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
hajimete no hitori no ban —
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Card ID: 1673815539738Are [you] ok? Eat slowly.
yukkuri: slowly; unhurriedly; without haste
Reminder: kuu is very casual, use "taberu" instead. Moreover, the command form (kue) is rude, don't use it. A more friendly example follows in two cards.
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Card ID: 1673815539740(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mayama daijoubu ka yukkuri kue
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Card ID: 1673815539742Hey, if [you] still have time, won't [you] give [me] the favor of hanging out a bit more?
tsukiau: to keep company with; to go out with. This is often used in the context of dating, but is not restricted to this use case.
Changed translation in v14 from mata - again to mada - still.
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Card ID: 1673815539744(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nee mada jikan aru nara mousukoshi tsukiatte kurenai
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Card ID: 1673815539746It's ok. Eat slowly.
yukkuri: slowly; unhurriedly; without haste
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Card ID: 1673815539748(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ii yo yukkuri tabe nasai
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Card ID: 1673815539750If [you] eat like that, dinner will become can not eat -> if you keep eating that much right now, you won't be able to eat dinner.
bangohan: dinner
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Card ID: 1673815539752(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
konnani tabetara bangohan kuenaku naru daro
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Card ID: 1673815539754kieru: to disappear; to vanish; to go away
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Card ID: 1673815539758Well then, please begin.
soredeha: well then... (phrase)
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Card ID: 1673815539760(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
soredeha hajimete kudasai ｡
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Card ID: 1673815539762As always, [your] way of speaking is bad.
kuchi: mouth, also: way of speaking
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Card ID: 1673815539764(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
aikawarazu kuchi ga warui na muta
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Card ID: 1673815539766As for us, [are we] that famous?
yuumei: famous, fame
Don't confuse this with yuume - dream. The pronunciation is different.
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Card ID: 1673815539768(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
watashitachi tte sonnani yuumei
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Card ID: 1673815539770[You] must not cause worries for [your] parents [i.e. do not make your parents worry about something].
oya: parents; mother and father
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Card ID: 1673815539772(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
oya ni shinpai kake cha ikenai toka
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Card ID: 1673815539774That one over there is hanamoto-sensei's car, isn't it?
kuruma: car, vehicle
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Card ID: 1673815539776(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mayama asoko ni aru no hanamoto sensei no kuruma desu yo ne
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Card ID: 1673815539778By any chance, [are] you a human?
moshikashite: perhaps; possibly; maybe; by any chance; if I'm not mistaken (learn this as one word)
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Card ID: 1673815539780(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
moshikashite anata ha ningen
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Card ID: 1673815539782[It's your] Monday-face, isn't it?
Who doesn't know what the Monday-face is about? In this anime, the listener has a special reason to dislike mondays, I will reveal more soon ;).
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Card ID: 1673815539784(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
getsuyoubi no kao da na
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Card ID: 1673815539786As for that [e.g. feelings someone has], it's not that [they] disappear by themselves (the "by themselves" is a consequence of -te shimau - unintended actions).
kieru: to disappear; to vanish; to go away
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Card ID: 1673815539788(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
sore ha kiete shimau wake janai
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Card ID: 1673815539790But as for me, [I] don't have this memory.
kioku: memory; recollection; remembrance
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Card ID: 1673815539792(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo watashi ni ha kono kioku ga nai
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Card ID: 1673815539794Why is [she] this famous?
yuumei: famous, fame
Don't confuse this with yuume - dream. The pronunciation is different.
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Card ID: 1673815539796(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
nande konnani yuumei nanda
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Card ID: 1673815539800(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
mou yoru da shi oie no hito mo shinpai suru deshou kara
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Card ID: 1673815539802No good, [your] body weight is light / low (they are talking about reanimating someone by cardiac massage. Obviously, you need a certain body weight for this).
taijuu: (body) weight
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Card ID: 1673815539804(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
dame da taijuu ga karui
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Card ID: 1673815539806Huh? [I] accidentially dropped the chopstick
hashi: chopstick
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Card ID: 1673815539808(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
are o hashi otoshichatta
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Card ID: 1673815539810But as for disappearing, what kind of thing is it? -> What do you mean by "disappearing"?
kieru: to disappear, to vanish
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Card ID: 1673815539812(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
demo kieru tte douiu koto
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Card ID: 1673815539814[I] guess it's Monday today.
getsuyoubi: Monday
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Card ID: 1673815539816(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
kyou ha getsuyoubi daro
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Card ID: 1673815539820
Numbers and counting
An important topic I skipped so far is numbers and how to count in Japanese. Personally, I found this boring and annoying for various reasons, so I decided to shift it to a separate deck, which has ~150 cards. This way, you are not blocked by a pile of numbers, but you can learn this topic separately at your own pace. You can download the deck from
Ankiweb .
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Card ID: 1673815539822
The End...
The main part of the beginner's course ends here, which means: You're not a beginner anymore, yay! Many people don't make it this far, I hope you're proud of yourself. However, the path to fluency is still long. If you want to continue with jlab, have a look at
this page for different options.
I will still keep adding cards to this deck since I have a grammar backlog with some items. Hoewer, my current focus is the intermediate decks, which are even better than this one. Check out the link above for details!
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Card ID: 1682063337557[You] must be careful!
The second way to express "must do [something]" is to use the "to" conditional:
[not doing] to [dame / ikenai / naranai], which means: If [not do something] it's bad.
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Card ID: 1682063337559(Audio is not played automatically on cloze card - press r)
ki wo tsukenai to dame da yo
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